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jc601温控器设置参数(jc一602温控设置说明)

来源:www.haichao.net  时间:2023-01-31 00:15   点击:220  编辑:admin   手机版

1. jc一602温控设置说明

冰箱温控器的档位应根据季节温度变化来调整,春秋季应调在中间的档位处(3档左右),夏季应调低一些(1-2档),而冬季数字应适当调高一些(4-5档),保持冷冻室的温度在零下18度左右,冷藏室的温度在0-10度之间,最好是在4-8度之间。

在智能方式下,冰箱内部可自动调节至适合保存食品的温度。

如无特殊要求,建议您采用智能方式。

2. jc601温控使用说明

设置方法如下:

1.设定温度:按SET键可设定或查看温度设定点。按一下SET键数码管字符开始闪动,表示仪表进入设定状态,按△键设定值增加,按▽键设定值减小,长按△键或▽键数据会快速变动, 再一次按SET键仪表回到正常工作状态温度设定完毕。

2.回差控制(XMT201-C): 按SET键3秒仪表进入内层参数设定状态。第一个出现并闪动的参数为C00即回差值,回差控制参数要慎重调整,仪表控制加热输出值到设定值,当温度下跌到设定值减回差值时又开始加热,在回差范围内输出( 继电器 )是不动作的,这样可减少继电器动作次数以利延长继电器寿命。例:若设定值是80.0℃,回差为0.5,仪表控制加热到80.0℃时继电器释放,温度下跌到80.0℃-0.5℃=79.5℃时继电器又吸合。回差值越大继电器动作次数越少,回差值过大会降低控制精度。调整好回差参数后按SET键3秒钟仪表回到正常工作状态。

3. jc602温控器设置参数

长宽比例超过黄金比例0.618就是房型扁平,这样的房型看起来狭长,房间不方正,说通俗点就是长方形户型,设计在长方形户型中是尤为重要的,我们可以靠着设计把家里装扮美美的。

装修要点

采光

细长户型的问题其中一个就是采光不好,室内不会特别通透。而一旦光线照不进室内,就容易出现室内阴暗、压抑的情况。如非长方形南北通透户型,也可将厨房门透明,增加采光。我们还可以在装修时多留出几扇窗户,让光线可以尽可能多的照进屋里。除了多开窗户,每个窗户的面积最好也大一些,或者在屋内设计时多加一些辅助照明也是可以的。家里尽量简洁开放一些,留白面积大就会让整个空间更加宽阔透亮。

隔断

长方形的房子客厅会是狭长的,对这样的空间可以做隔断处理。

我们可以通过给细长的户型做隔断,把整个空间分隔成几个小空间,做不同的分区使用。但是做隔断的时候最好不要使用墙体隔断,这样会让本来就不大、就奇怪的户型看起来更小,墙体隔断很占空间,又有不通风的毛病。所以隔断最好选择玻璃门、木格栅、置物架、吧台之类的物品,既可以做整体隔断,也可以做半隔断。

可使用窗帘、珠帘等软隔断来起到分隔作用,这样可以多出一些可用空间来。切记不要使用硬隔断,不仅会增加空间的厚重感,还会感到不方便。

隔断是其中一种划分客厅空间的方式,实际上还有其他方式,长方形户型一大特点通常为长方形客厅,有些面积大的客厅可以区隔成工作台或是小餐厅,甚至是书房等,通常在沙发后摆放长桌等可办公可就餐;还有如卧室不够可隔断卧室,儿童区等。

大户型客厅改造成餐厅

大户型客厅改造成书房

大户型客厅改造成儿童区

玻璃门隔断

木格栅隔断

置物架隔断

吧台隔断

窗帘隔断

珠帘隔断

色彩

细长户型的格局对家里色彩的要求更加严格。家中大面积使用的颜色,例如墙面的颜色,需要和整体软装色调搭配好,不能出现很跳脱的颜色。色彩要有整体的感觉同时也要做到统一。最好选择浅色系作为主色调进行装修,这样可以让原本看起来比较小的细长户型显得通透一些。亮色系可以降低局促和压抑感,比深色系更适合小一点、长一点的户型。材质、质感方面也尽量统一,如吊顶、墙壁、柜体和地面等尽量统一材质,如实木等温润自然,可以促进统一和谐视觉效果,无形中扩充空间体量

在软装上可以选择同一色系多的产品,可以让空间光线更加明亮。例如选择适当的镜面装饰,能提升整体的空间感。切忌使用过多的镜面装饰,不然容易会让人感到不适

家具

细长型的户型看起来会比较小一些,所以挑选家具的时候切忌大件家具,比如落地式的大沙发,比较厚重的木质柜子。我们应该选择占地面积比较小,造型相对比较简约的家具,线条简单才能让家里整体看起来更通透清爽。

选择家具的时候可以多选择一些多功能的家具,这样在既保证充足的收纳空间外,也能增加行走空间。

灯光辅助

房子采光不好,可以多选择一些灯具,借助灯光起到辅助作用,这样就可以让房间亮起来。内部使用的灯具要选择一些造型比较简单富有时尚感的灯具,而且灯具的灯光也经常选择柔和一些的,这样避免对眼睛的刺激从而影响整个空间的视觉效果。

如果觉得柔和的灯光照射的光源并没有那么强,那可以考虑使用辅助光源添加。比如安装灯带或者是添加吸顶灯、筒灯、射灯等灯具,这些灯具的装饰效果会比较强,在增加室内光线的同时还能够使整体看起来比较舒适。

安装灯带

安装吸顶灯

安装筒灯

安装射灯

装饰

其实不管是不是细长户型,只要不是大户型,都不要搭配太多华丽的装饰。过多的装饰品会显得比较乱,不要左摆一个右摆一个,过犹不及。适当留白会让家里显得更加美观。

我们可以利用扁平形户型的死角空间加以装修,设计为相应的收纳空间,这样既可以把空间利用起来,也可以住的比较舒服。

1、进门处可作为外套,皮鞋,皮包,手套,雨伞等物件的藏身之处。诀窍在于不破坏建筑结构前提下,对进户墙面商家处理做一个壁柜下面,部分做中间的小抽屉,可放手套钥匙等零星物品,上面部分可以挂衣服放皮包。

2、卫生间除了有浴缸出水马桶洗脸盆外,还可以放一些塑料盆桶之类的物品。洗脸池台面下做成可拆卸式的搁架,平时可放喷桶一类的物品,也可存放洗衣粉,多余的牙膏,牙刷,肥皂,卫生纸,洗涤剂等。

3、客厅装修的时候可以采用圆角沙发,电视采用挂墙的,这样可以节省一些空间,而且在小角落可以放置一些清新的盆栽。

4、储藏室可以发挥其作用,趁装修之便,在其内部做柜子,分层分格,尺寸按照所需放置物品的规格。

5、厨房中“锅碗瓢盆交响曲”,热闹有加,烦恼不少。可以适当的装修置物架,把东西归置清楚。

6、卧室中的主要储存空间就是衣橱了,衣橱中的衣物可分为床上用品和个人衣装两大类。扁平型卧室应沿用一些简约的色彩和收纳方法,留出较大的卧室空间,避免拥挤的感觉,便于营造安谧的气氛。衣柜可以采用嵌入墙体设计,可以避免整面墙的拥堵感,令视觉效果更为丰富。

装修流程

房屋设计

装修房子需要从设计开始。作为扁平户型,房屋设计要从扁平的角度出发,主体强调光线、家装设计、吊顶、底层防水地暖、储物空间讲究如何改善扁平化房型导致的空间压抑、提高空间利用率,并将自身的想法、意见和业主沟通清楚,这样才能拥有一个良好的设计方案,我们也可以提前选好设计风格,让设计进行设计。另外在设计图出来后,也需进行一次核对,将不满意的地方提出整理与修改。

家装风格分类

1、欧式风格

欧式风格主要有法式、意大利、西班牙、北欧、英式、地中海等风格,这是随着历史文化潮流而形成的强烈、独特的风格,这指的的是欧洲每个国家所展现的强烈的传统文化内涵。

2、田园乡村风格

田园乡村风格是一种推崇自然的地方装饰风格。结合了自然将乡土风味形成了一种清新的空间形式,是慵懒放松的家居体现。材质上采用天然石、木、竹、藤等材质,布艺多采用花卉图案为主,整体色彩以乳白色、白色、粉色、天然木色等以淡暖色系为主,线条也比较简洁。

3、中式风格

中式风格以中国古典建筑为装饰的室内设计艺术风格,给人一种壮丽华贵、气势恢弘之感,装饰主要以木材为原料,多用对称手法。图案有龙、凤、龟、狮等吉兽。中式风格造价大多比较高,精雕细琢、瑰丽奇巧的风格深受成功人士的喜爱。

4、现代简约风格

现代简约风格造价相对低一些,同时家装风格顺应了当今快节奏的生活,简约而不简单的个性风。虽摆设较少,但对材质要求极高,每件家具摆放位置都经过深思熟虑,做到多功能的利用空间。

主体拆改

从这一步开始,装修就进入到施工阶段。主体拆改就是按照设计方案,先把工地的框架搭起来。主要包括拆墙、砌墙、铲墙皮、更换门窗等等。

装修流程

1、在进行主体拆改之前首选要做的就是准备好图纸,一定要按照图纸规划进行改造工程,没有图纸的话就等于是没有做好规划拆改工作,在这种情况下不适合进行拆改工程,因此拆改图纸是必不可少的一部分。

2、在主体拆改的过程中原材料的去留也是一个大问题,这在拆改前期就需要最好必须的准备,例如原来的腻子如果是防水的就可以不用铲除了,其他可以直接使用的材料也可以保留下来,这样可以有效回收利用并且可以节省开支。

3、在进行墙体拆改的时候要注意,应该严格按照图纸指示进行拆墙、砌墙工作。

4、铲地皮,有暖气的拆掉暖气,换塑钢窗。

5、在拆改结束后会留下大量垃圾,这时需要施工队员清理垃圾以便进行下一步操作。

注意事项

1、在主体拆改的过程中首先要注意的是,承重墙不可拆除,根据我国相关法律条文规定,拆改承重墙是不合法的,承重墙是作为承受上一层楼层重量的主体部分,盲目拆除的话,可能会给房屋带来濒临倒塌的危险。

2、在混凝土中的门框不要盲目拆除,如果强制拆除的话可能会导致墙体倒塌的情况出现。

3、阳台上有矮墙的话不要拆除,否则可能会导致塌陷,如果影响美观,可以另行设计安排。

4、在拆除的过程中应该要注意的是,线路应该提前关闭好,对于隐藏在墙体中的线路要多加留意,提前关闭电闸是非常有必要的,避免不小心触碰导致触电危险。

5、居室中有些地面都是有防水层的,若是将防水层破坏的话,很容易使楼下的住户变成“水帘洞”。因此,业主在装修地面的时候需要注意的是,不要将地面防水层破坏,若是不小心破坏了的话,切记一定要重新做防水工程,并且做完后要经过“48小时渗水实验”后,如果不漏水,才算合格。

6、还有燃气管道的拆改也是要慎重的,若是居民或装修人员私自拆改燃气管道、包封燃气阀门很容易造成燃气泄漏。因为,燃气管道被包封起来,气体泄漏将很难会被发现,并且气体一旦泄露的话很不容易扩散。并且在使用的时候,也没有专业的安全监测,一旦遇见明火的话必然会引起爆炸的情况发生。

水电气改造

水电改造是装修中重要的工程部分,很多生活中房子会出现的问题都是水电工程不达标留下的隐患。所以对于这部分的施工一定要慎之又慎,避免后期出现不必要的麻烦。另外在操作完成后,也要做好防水的相关工作,这样后期的隐患也会减轻不少。

可以根据设计师的水电施工图纸进行水电改造。

水电改造方法

1、把关在装修的时候业主要对自己家里的布局有个全局的想法,要弄清楚家里的家具大概放什么地方,哪里放什么电器,多大的都要考虑好,这样有规划的做水电改造是很关键的,要不然会浪费很多人力物力,在设计的时候装修公司会为你出很多方案。

2、买材料的时候要看是不是正规的厂家生产的合格产品,现在的水电品牌多如牛毛,业主在装修的时候不知道什么牌子,什么规格的比较好,最好是对这方面的知识有些了解,要不然让装修公司去买的话以次充好,那就得不偿失了。

3、在进场的时候要对装修材料进行核实,看看是不是质量合格的材料,要不然装修好了就不好核实了,还有就是要对工作人员核实,看看他们是否具有水电暖施工资质,确认后才能让他们施工。

4、水电改造施工好后,要对施工的每一处细节要仔细的验收,水路验收的时候看水改是不是用金属管卡固定的,距离不能过大,浴室的出水口是不是左热右冷,距离是否达标,接口是不是水平。水电路线不能在同一槽内,每个下水口都要进行通水试验。必须要进行打压试验,时间压力要标准。

水电改造要点

1、首先要确定洗澡是要站着洗还是躺着洗,用浴盆还是淋浴,尺寸要多大,卫生间能不能容得下这个尺寸,这些问题都是要影响水路的上下水设计和电路的插座位置的。

2、若是选择安装淋浴是安装淋浴房还是装浴帘,是否要安装底座,附近是否有地漏,出水口大概在什么位置。

3、淋浴的出水口常规设计是左热右冷,两管之间的间距要保持15cm。因为目前市面上售卖的支架式淋浴龙头比较多,这样的淋浴龙头对于出水口的间距及尺寸要求比较严格。首先要保证两个出水口的水平高度一致,还要保证两个出水口在同一水平面上。还要特别注意一点就是出水口不能设置在腰线的位置,高度也要根据家庭成员的平均身高来确定。

4、二手房厨卫改造可能还涉及到地漏的移动和增加个数的问题。移动地漏需要注意一定要抬高地面,若是要安装深水封地漏,那么地面至少上抬10cm以上,可以采用局部地面抬高或是整体地面抬高的方式。在更换地漏时要注意一点,普通地漏不能作为洗衣机地漏,会出现返水现象。

5、坐便器移位也是卫生间拆改会遇到的问题,但切记坐便器移动的距离不能超过10cm,否则坐便器会下水不畅,容易堵。若是一定要移动坐便器的位置,那么就要从楼下改管移动马桶下水。

6、浴霸用风暖的还是灯暖的涉及到电路改造,因为灯暖的浴霸一般是要连5根电线,而风暖的浴霸的电线数一般是3-8根,具体看你选择什么样的型号了。

厨房水电

厨房要预留净水机的电源、进水口、排污管道,电源一般留在进水口旁边。厨房要使用燃气热水器的,要预留燃气热水器的进、出水管,一般选择靠窗户的位置,离地1.5米高,旁边预留插座。

燃气表旁边预留插座,电子燃气表需要电源;厨房操作台上方要装一排插座,供电饭煲、小家电使用,一般预留3-5个插座,高度1.2米;冰箱要在离地面0.5米到1米之间设置插座,因为冰箱在使用中等30厘米的位置是释放热量的空间,所以安装时要避免这些位置。

阳台水电

阳台水电比较简单,阳台洗衣机预留冷水管,阳台洗手盆预留冷热水管。洗衣机电源预留高度在40公分。顶部预留智能晾衣架电源。

卫生间水电

卫生间改造的时候需要注意的比较多。

水路:洗脸盆的冷热水口2个、留热水器的进水口和出水口各1个、坐便器或蹲厕水箱接口1个、淋浴区地漏1个,如果洗衣机放卫生间,也要给洗衣机预留地漏1个。冷热水管也要保持一定的距离,否则会影响水管的保温效果,洗澡时需要等很久才有热水。一般水管铺设时,左热右冷,间距是15厘米。

水管管道走完后要进行试水打压试验,再做防水处理。地漏安装完后马上冲水,因为担心安装过程中有水泥掉在下水管道中,时间长了受潮凝固,导致下水道不通。在卫生间墙面安装其它卫浴产品五金等,切记安装前要查阅水路电路存档照片,避开墙上的水管和电路。

电路:就算安装的是普通马桶,也要在旁边预留插座,方便业主以后安装智能马桶。预留热水器的进、出水管及电源,燃气和电的随便选择,都预留好。浴室柜旁边预留插座、浴室柜上面1.8米高预留电源,镜前灯使用。注意:卫生间要使用4mm²的铜芯线。水管尽量走顶,这样既方便做防水也方便以后检修。

客厅卧室水电

客厅卧室主要是要处理电路,要留意这些:客厅灯卧室灯要改成双控;客厅预留灯带、筒灯的开关及电源,开关一般放在电视墙。 电视墙电源一般留4-5个,高度在35公分,预留弱电,电视墙预留50管,挂电视时隐藏电线。在沙发的左右两边预留电源,以备手机充电,高度在40公分左右。卧室床头柜的插座抬高到60公分,方便插拔。书桌下预留多排插座。一般客厅空调一组回路,卧室空调每2台一组回路。如果业主家安装了新风或电热地暖,也要为它们准备专用回路。

室内整体装修

室内整体装修包括木工、泥瓦工、油漆工的装修。

木工作为一道繁杂的工序,也可当作是主体修改的关键环节来对待,与水电路的改良并不冲突,有时可能还需要一些配合。木工是为业主完成房屋装修过程中的各项木质工程的工种,其人工费用占到整个家装工程人工费用的40-60%不等。目前市场上比较常规的木工定制产品有:成品套装门、定制衣柜、定制书柜、定制橱柜、定制移门等。

泥瓦工序就是大家关心的贴瓷砖这一步骤,以及墙面、地面的基层处理和各区域防水工程。这项面子工程是否有好的施工质量不但直接影响到整体装修的外观是否整洁美观,而且防水质量直接关系到业主入住后的居住质量。

油漆工程一般是硬装即将结束的标志了,包含墙体表面处理、批腻子、砂纸打磨、刷底涂、刷涂料等步骤。油漆工程是面子工程,如果油漆工艺做的不好的话,就会留下入住后的困扰,如墙面开裂、掉漆等。所以一定要去注意施工工艺以及工艺原则,不遵守这些步骤的话就会影响家装质量了。

具体步骤

水电工完成之后,一般是先做木工,对其家里的石膏板等吊顶,电视背景墙以及家里需要打柜子的制作。

客厅装修

装修客厅一般是先进行吊顶。

安装客厅天花板之前,必须绘制天花板的尺寸,然后设置好天花板上的位置,用冲击钻钻洞,最后用固定的膨胀螺丝的大龙骨(木质骨架称为龙骨)。然后,将地板上的骨架固定到天花板上,使用方形条作为固定柱,水平和水平固定骨架,并根据图纸的大小切割多余的骨架,下一步是固定石膏板。建议使用十字架将石膏板固定在天花板上并用螺丝固定。有必要去除剩余的石膏板。这个屋顶差不多完了。

住宅客厅吊顶的石膏板固定后,可以进行装饰。例如,在干墙的凹槽中施加纱布以避免收缩和开裂。将装饰线固定在天花板的边缘,最后放上腻子粉或其他装饰材料。漂亮的天花板就做好了。

我们装修餐厅的时候也可以选择同样的吊顶花纹,装修家具可以选择长方形餐桌,这样搭配起来比较协调。

客厅这一块装修还需要考虑到玄关的装修,装修玄关一般要考虑实用性,可以打造定制家具作为衣柜、鞋柜、雨伞等杂物的收纳。如南北通透类长方形小户型客厅,玄关设计要简洁;如客厅结构是长条形,可在餐厅门口设置半通透玄关,以便区分用餐空间,还可增设暖暗光源,装饰艺术长廊效果;如客厅较宽,还可有落地窗设计等。

简单收纳玄关

半通透玄关

落地窗玄关

电视背景墙

制作电视背景墙需要选择合适的材质,不同的材质所营造的效果不同,然后根据既定的材质,考虑背景墙是侧重实用还是侧重装饰。

可以采用大理石雕刻出的角线做造型,然后中间贴瓷砖用瓷砖贴出造型花样。这种造型一般都是与客厅的地砖造型相呼应的。客厅使用大理石来装饰能瞬间提前档次和品质,而且时尚的质感能体现出来,大理石面的不规则花纹,原生态的自然效果也是让人喜欢的另一面。

还有一种做法就是用文化石做背景墙,人造文化石一般具有环保节能,质量轻的优点。其古朴,极具造型感,被年轻人所青睐。由于是用作电视墙,瓷砖尽量选用柔光砖,表面光反射没有亮光砖强烈,看电视时开灯也不会有光反射。铺贴方式也同普通砖一样简单,价格也是地砖价格经济实惠。

定制家具

如果室内面积比较小,可以考虑选择定制家具。

目前,市场上已经出现一大批的定制家具企业。这些企业在大规模生产的基础上,将每位消费者视为一个单独的细分市场,满足单个消费者的个性需求。目前,多采用定制形式的家具主要有整体衣柜、整体书柜、整体橱柜、步入式衣帽间、入墙衣柜等。

定制家具的流程

1、一般情况下设计师会跟业主提前沟通一下,了解一下业主的想法以及生活方式。

2、带业主参观样品展厅,考察产品工艺和生产制作流程,交流家居配置风格需求,根据会谈详细记录分析,与业主约定初步配套方案面谈时间。

3、完成上面两步之后要做的是上门初步测量工作,确定好家居的尺寸以及摆放的位置,之后要做的就是进行多全方位的准确测量工作,精准测算出家居的尺寸以及占地面积和摆放布局等情况。

4、设计师会根据现场测量的实际结果绘制出基本的家具设计图,然后跟业主沟通之后就可以初步确定设计方案了。

5、面谈进行方案磋商,并进行调整终达到业主满意。

6、在家具的生产制作过程中应该随时与业主保持沟通,所采用的材料以及颜色要及时告知业主,有异议的话应该及时沟通调整。

客厅定制家具:可以根据需求定制电视柜和储物柜。

卧室定制家具:定制衣柜、床头柜

房间的整体定制:定制飘窗、榻榻米、书柜。

阳台定制家具:洗衣柜、储物柜。

厨房定制家具橱柜。

贴瓷砖

在我们木工完成之后,就可以进泥瓦工了,泥瓦工主要包含的就是大理石窗台,过门石,地漏以及瓷砖等安装。

贴瓷砖需要先准备好工具:瓷砖、拉线、水、混浆、泥砂。

1、对铺贴的墙体表面进行处理,清除表面污物。并洒水湿润,然后用水泥砂浆混合找平。

2、将墙砖完全置于清水中,一般三十分钟就可以了,随后取出,晾干水渍待用。

3、根据设计铺贴图样的要求,确定排砖方案。在干爽的找平层上拉上标线,让瓷砖在一个垂直面上。

4、铺贴釉面墙砖选择水泥型号425,砂子以中砂为好。水泥和砂子按1:3的比例加水搅拌成糊状备用。

5、在墙面上喷足够的水,在砖背面均匀抹上水泥砂浆。砂浆厚度以5mm-6mm为宜,用木锤轻轻拍牢,并随时用水平尺找平。

6、在瓷砖铺贴完成后,使用专用的瓷砖勾缝剂进行勾缝就可以了。

刷墙面漆

油漆工进场,主要是对墙面的一些基层处理及乳胶漆的涂刷等,还有就是一些需要上油漆的家具进行上漆。那大家要注意的是,墙面如果要贴壁纸的话,一定要叫油漆工在墙面上做基层处理。

墙面刷漆都要针对墙面做基层处理,让墙面尽量保持平整。然后再均匀的刮一遍腻子,在腻子干透后,用粗砂纸进行抛光。最后就可以抹涂料了,可以抹两层涂料,尽量均匀不得漏涂!

到这一步油漆工完成之后,整个装修的硬装基本上就完成了。以上都是一些装修的施工环节,而施工环节之后,我们还要进行一些安装环节。

厨卫吊顶

厨卫吊顶是所有安装环节的第一个环节。在我们安装橱柜的时候,我们一定要将其防潮吸顶灯、排风扇(浴霸)应该已经买好了。这样可以一起安装完成。

如厨房为长方形结构,我们可以把厨房按照使用功能划分布局,如洗菜区、烹饪区、储藏区分开等。

橱柜安装

厨卫间的吊顶结束后,我们就可以约橱柜的商家上门安装橱柜了。一般安装橱柜最快就一天时间就完成了。

在我们安装橱柜的时候,我们也可以将已买的水槽,灶台等送货上门安装了,然后一起进行安装。在这里大王就强调一点,燃气一定要提前开通好,因为安装完之后要进行试气的。

木门安装

橱柜安装完之后,下一步就要进行室内门安装了,注意一点的是,室内门要是定制的话,那一定要提前一个月定制,一般安装时间就一天时间。

开关插座灯具

壁纸贴完之后,我们就要进行开关,插座以及灯具的安装,那在此之前,我们一定要根据水电工给到的开关,插座、灯具数量进行提前购买好。

五金安装

五金安装部分,这里主要指的是一些水龙头,卫浴挂件以及洁具、阳台的晾衣架等等安装。在这里提醒大家,五金一定要购买好的,不然后期很容易坏掉,一旦坏了,后期更换非常的麻烦然而我们安装完上下水管件。水龙头,角阀等一定要进行开关测试,看看是否有漏水的问题。

开荒保洁

装修到上一步就全部完成了,接下来我们就要对其全屋彻底的清洁打扫了。

窗帘安装

此时就可以将其家里准备好的窗帘进行拿出来安装了!

家具、家电进场

完成基础装修后就开始安装家具家电了,可以把购买的沙发、床铺、冰箱、电视机等家具家电安装摆放在合适的地方。

装修注意事项

1、我们在装饰地板时往往注意瓷砖和地板是否美观,而忽略了踢脚线。踢脚线不仅起到保护墙面的作用,还能有画龙点睛的效果。所以我们可以选择些美观精致的踢脚线。

2、瓷砖铺好后,为了防止瓷砖间的缝隙弄脏,我们可以做填缝处理。这里小编建议尽量采用填缝剂或美缝剂来填缝,不少业主为了省钱,会使用白水泥来填缝,白水泥粉的防水性能会较差些,粘贴牢度和硬度也会较差。

3、防水工程是重中之重的,大家在这方面要更加注意些,不过也别因小失大,忽略了地漏的排水一定要低于地面这样的地漏规则,在装修时提醒下泥水师傅就好。

4、必须考虑材料选择,卧室应选择吸声、隔音良好的装饰材料,是一个非常重要的因素。柔软美观的布贴纸、保温、吸声功能地毯是卧室的理想选择。大理石、花岗岩、地砖等冷硬材料不适合卧室使用。

5、卧室的主要功能是供人们休息和睡觉,功能非常重要。因此,卧室的设计必须围绕营造一个安静的休息空间,其中床是当之无愧的主角。首先要注意床的舒适性,然后包括装饰风格、布局、色彩和装饰。卧室的照明以暖黄色为基调。

6、不可忽视的饰品装饰,巧妙地在房间里装饰一些小饰品也是一个很好的方法。它不仅可以增加房间的氛围,还可以改善整个空间的气质。

装修案例

这个装修一看就觉得十分简单明亮,灰白色的哑光地板的搭配白色墙面,整个房间的色调简单、干净。我们可以看到他的沙发没有使用大型转角沙发的设计,而是小型布艺沙发搭配小茶几,侧边增加软座椅的风格。这样的家居搭配更加节省空间,让室内显得大方、宽广。落地灯和吊灯的小设计加上地毯的平面几何图案明显提高了房间的格调。

这一户虽然客厅的面积比较上一家有所减少,但是我们丝毫不会感到拥挤。因为他们将茶几去掉,改为高低小圆桌,空间上更有层次感却不占地方。对于小户型小家庭来说,一个长沙发足以容纳3-4人,若是家里来了客人就用懒人座椅招待,惬意得很。小户型想要“扁平化”,装饰上就要尽量选择素色、浅色的装修,选择相近颜色也不会让人感觉乱。

这家人明显在装饰上下了功夫,他们的家具选择都是四四方方的简单设计却十分考究,没有一丝多余占用的空间。而墙壁和隔断的装修分别采用了立体石砖纹路、木纹和镜面拼接的元素,时尚又富有艺术气息,适合追求高端大气的都市白领进行参考。中规中矩的家具搭配深色墙壁装修,虽然看起来色调偏暗但是完全不觉得狭窄。

最后一家的装明显相比前几家的设计感就少了很多,更适合年龄稍微大一些的人参考。一眼看上去感觉好像有一种邻家的亲切感,灰色大转角沙发和黑色亮面电视柜、黑色小茶几的搭配朴素不花哨。地板和墙壁中规中矩,墙壁没有选择“大白墙”,而是是用来墙纸和但换色的瓷砖电视背景墙,让整个家里温馨了不少。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"长宽比例超过黄金比例0.618就是房型扁平,这样的房型看起来狭长,房间不方正,说通俗点就是长方形户型,设计在长方形户型中是尤为重要的,我们可以靠着设计把家里装扮美美的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kc6QdwgQuoCWQcxSwaycwwFInOf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LU6MdkQYOo0eyixMBSBcYZBznre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"采光","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BWCIdeus2oYAC8x2RqycA7Khnqh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":641,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"采光","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f1f848784daf4427a607db3d688ad064","width":1088},"text":"","id":"MWM2doUyUo6uGkx0aZ6cFoLGnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"细长户型的问题其中一个就是采光不好,室内不会特别通透。而一旦光线照不进室内,就容易出现室内阴暗、压抑的情况。如非长方形南北通透户型,也可将厨房门透明,增加采光。我们还可以在装修时多留出几扇窗户,让光线可以尽可能多的照进屋里。除了多开窗户,每个窗户的面积最好也大一些,或者在屋内设计时多加一些辅助照明也是可以的。家里尽量简洁开放一些,留白面积大就会让整个空间更加宽阔透亮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VsUed4ksgoiWsOxobTDc0UUtnge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NuqqdcMKso40mWxYJ58czHkRnSh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":421,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3d9a23f4ffc493c90af9476913f06c9","width":731},"text":"","id":"NuyqdyecEoySccxAGsicy4BWnZV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长方形的房子客厅会是狭长的,对这样的空间可以做隔断处理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQeOduMEEoQOamxAfQdcWbI9nXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以通过给细长的户型做隔断,把整个空间分隔成几个小空间,做不同的分区使用。但是做隔断的时候最好不要使用墙体隔断,这样会让本来就不大、就奇怪的户型看起来更小,墙体隔断很占空间,又有不通风的毛病。所以隔断最好选择玻璃门、木格栅、置物架、吧台之类的物品,既可以做整体隔断,也可以做半隔断。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MYqMdsi8eoYWc4xUz5uci5B2nzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可使用窗帘、珠帘等软隔断来起到分隔作用,这样可以多出一些可用空间来。切记不要使用硬隔断,不仅会增加空间的厚重感,还会感到不方便。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PS4MdwqKwow8AGxmWbic0trfnyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断是其中一种划分客厅空间的方式,实际上还有其他方式,长方形户型一大特点通常为长方形客厅,有些面积大的客厅可以区隔成工作台或是小餐厅,甚至是书房等,通常在沙发后摆放长桌等可办公可就餐;还有如卧室不够可隔断卧室,儿童区等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwuqdK6EiocwQ4xMpJRcStznn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大户型客厅改造成餐厅","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0uSdE8C0oUi0sxcdfrculKanue"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":585,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e074619a16f64fefbe4fa6b0a4066868","width":956},"text":"","id":"VQWcdgygKoi0K2xuYgdc3PMRnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大户型客厅改造成书房","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZawQdKymoo6eSgxSEXEcQCAanRb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c33cf4f240494e169d2330cff336a051","width":782},"text":"","id":"UOIMdKoeSogK0axycB2crzjonJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大户型客厅改造成儿童区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QGasdk8qqoOGmwxx6Y4cQSZcnkG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":723,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65a802e3c7004f5292630f88987c2a48","width":968},"text":"","id":"YQwud8cW6ok8muxwXSdcEri1nQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"玻璃门隔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUwWdQYmComAYIxA9SgchPCPnPd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/94cc7a2672a74b99b95e0c90f3daf438","width":847},"text":"","id":"WkUKdSG6uoEsk0xeAvDc4xsSnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木格栅隔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GkSMd6QyWo2QAwx0IY5ce0hLnOh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":506,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/469f3e14bc3c4112a5985c2c22e7b74c","width":729},"text":"","id":"AOmQdiS6soyIggxkdn7cIl6ynqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"置物架隔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAUWdoQqMoMWa2xcBHjcxKLpnWe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":607,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a72dfa69e4c9432aab808a5f7dbcd390","width":743},"text":"","id":"RYGadkQe2okcaExueDQcEt50nJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吧台隔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqGKdu4Q2oWKcUxeKTzchpt4nHd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":538,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f9bb423c5c6b4c3c9c87bd2a95a10c2a","width":943},"text":"","id":"D2egdSWUSoaG2mxekoec2ZtHnjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"窗帘隔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XUWadCGMwo2AYcxetLycFkqtnab"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/19a467f01da64827b5ec40ddfab80e47","width":785},"text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洗脸盆外,还可以放一些塑料盆桶之类的物品。洗脸池台面下做成可拆卸式的搁架,平时可放喷桶一类的物品,也可存放洗衣粉,多余的牙膏,牙刷,肥皂,卫生纸,洗涤剂等。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XQyYdQOewoaqaIxGhOYc3LmxnTC"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e073b9c7645049408f9b911eb039112a","width":492},"text":"","id":"Wu46dkou8oW2uyx8Ce1c21N6nxa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、客厅装修的时候可以采用圆角沙发,电视采用挂墙的,这样可以节省一些空间,而且在小角落可以放置一些清新的盆栽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiMCdYmkwoy2ozx9IMVcAryJnkZ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":389,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b05a408e9c9b49d790d0cdd6b9771274","width":682},"text":"","id":"WoqqduYUuowS6IxuI48cCTlkndf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、储藏室可以发挥其作用,趁装修之便,在其内部做柜子,分层分格,尺寸按照所需放置物品的规格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GqYydYEmYoegWUx6d5CcCm5bnjd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":393,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e306465ec04f4fee9318cb657b03ae0b","width":674},"text":"","id":"Kgoud0egYoMwkcxfi5zcEfoynkz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、厨房中“锅碗瓢盆交响曲”,热闹有加,烦恼不少。可以适当的装修置物架,把东西归置清楚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BAuwdiweMoME2Cx6pfKcyK4NnZb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":496,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/78fde40a57e343de9d22cda1bcaae90e","width":604},"text":"","id":"HOcidYGGEosmwoxEvFacly6En3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、卧室中的主要储存空间就是衣橱了,衣橱中的衣物可分为床上用品和个人衣装两大类。扁平型卧室应沿用一些简约的色彩和收纳方法,留出较大的卧室空间,避免拥挤的感觉,便于营造安谧的气氛。衣柜可以采用嵌入墙体设计,可以避免整面墙的拥堵感,令视觉效果更为丰富。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JwsCd2gAoo00Y8xyCeIcGielnMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":524,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6538d16c2a3c4e45a627bd4d360c8341","width":806},"text":"","id":"RCyKd6GgKo28yixKgQIcHUminzf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T24qdY4gYoAOaQxaEVkciKy4nih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"房屋设计","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQyodQiIKoeaMcxW69UcU2tLnLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修房子需要从设计开始。作为扁平户型,房屋设计要从扁平的角度出发,主体强调光线、家装设计、吊顶、底层防水地暖、储物空间讲究如何改善扁平化房型导致的空间压抑、提高空间利用率,并将自身的想法、意见和业主沟通清楚,这样才能拥有一个良好的设计方案,我们也可以提前选好设计风格,让设计进行设计。另外在设计图出来后,也需进行一次核对,将不满意的地方提出整理与修改。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUYSdkMoyocewoxY9OJcMU7ingh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DC8EdgGqMo60YCxyDBfcz8vsnex"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、欧式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GICidSICMoWmEixOOjBcsCrHndc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"欧式风格主要有法式、意大利、西班牙、北欧、英式、地中海等风格,这是随着历史文化潮流而形成的强烈、独特的风格,这指的的是欧洲每个国家所展现的强烈的传统文化内涵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PEuYdQ4wcoWoAIx8Df3cdzBsn8g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":455,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5ef52b24b4dd46a18c61fa93da11fb0a","width":766},"text":"","id":"IciydegikoQww0xCsT2cIWNXnXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、田园乡村风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WeyidukiOooyUixMpK0cbICun0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田园乡村风格是一种推崇自然的地方装饰风格。结合了自然将乡土风味形成了一种清新的空间形式,是慵懒放松的家居体现。材质上采用天然石、木、竹、藤等材质,布艺多采用花卉图案为主,整体色彩以乳白色、白色、粉色、天然木色等以淡暖色系为主,线条也比较简洁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RAs6dy4ScoA42ixEHdtcpA7Vnuh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":463,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/526d78f0862149a493828f88cb7c1082","width":791},"text":"","id":"Wa20dYwawoSycuxKkDNcOkLMncc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、中式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiwOdYC6QoyYuexWwt2cI0cSnqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式风格以中国古典建筑为装饰的室内设计艺术风格,给人一种壮丽华贵、气势恢弘之感,装饰主要以木材为原料,多用对称手法。图案有龙、凤、龟、狮等吉兽。中式风格造价大多比较高,精雕细琢、瑰丽奇巧的风格深受成功人士的喜爱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FkeMdoQ4GoI0sYx2JyRcOUHdnsf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":491,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6552497288764dc094ef67fea409633e","width":793},"text":"","id":"BAU6dkiqco08eWx0izecZ6nVnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、现代简约风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FUqkd0Q2moEKqMxGOEdcExXonfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代简约风格造价相对低一些,同时家装风格顺应了当今快节奏的生活,简约而不简单的个性风。虽摆设较少,但对材质要求极高,每件家具摆放位置都经过深思熟虑,做到多功能的利用空间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VGU4dumMsog4umxQ160cQpR7nac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":559,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d9524e4f512f4fd2840e1c8799958ab4","width":1043},"text":"","id":"D26ydMYmaoyYckxWcDMcxm1vn9f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主体拆改","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BYkodQKC4o0y6YxGNwOcx89FnFo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从这一步开始,装修就进入到施工阶段。主体拆改就是按照设计方案,先把工地的框架搭起来。主要包括拆墙、砌墙、铲墙皮、更换门窗等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PsuWd4E2Aoi0e6xsjrDcmrMOnyc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MOsodgkSioc2coxGiUZcxwqwnHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在进行主体拆改之前首选要做的就是准备好图纸,一定要按照图纸规划进行改造工程,没有图纸的话就等于是没有做好规划拆改工作,在这种情况下不适合进行拆改工程,因此拆改图纸是必不可少的一部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IUA6dqsIQoUK2kxiUtScfsmrnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、在主体拆改的过程中原材料的去留也是一个大问题,这在拆改前期就需要最好必须的准备,例如原来的腻子如果是防水的就可以不用铲除了,其他可以直接使用的材料也可以保留下来,这样可以有效回收利用并且可以节省开支。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUIEd8sKEoy020xMhSEcG22enpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、在进行墙体拆改的时候要注意,应该严格按照图纸指示进行拆墙、砌墙工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SSgEd2ggkocMIWxyszpck3Gmnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、铲地皮,有暖气的拆掉暖气,换塑钢窗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZeskdCa0kougUmxkuB5c2vEvn03"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、在拆改结束后会留下大量垃圾,这时需要施工队员清理垃圾以便进行下一步操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FE0Wd6sg0oIOGmx8VYjcwwxvnSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkC4dcgyao0eQkxMryucowURnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在主体拆改的过程中首先要注意的是,承重墙不可拆除,根据我国相关法律条文规定,拆改承重墙是不合法的,承重墙是作为承受上一层楼层重量的主体部分,盲目拆除的话,可能会给房屋带来濒临倒塌的危险。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DaE8d0eQUo0eMAx85V3ceLZsncb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、在混凝土中的门框不要盲目拆除,如果强制拆除的话可能会导致墙体倒塌的情况出现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BmmsdcQk8owAeYxyHVXcjn3kn8T"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、阳台上有矮墙的话不要拆除,否则可能会导致塌陷,如果影响美观,可以另行设计安排。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A00GdiOI2owigKxIDSFcjLS9neg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在拆除的过程中应该要注意的是,线路应该提前关闭好,对于隐藏在墙体中的线路要多加留意,提前关闭电闸是非常有必要的,避免不小心触碰导致触电危险。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZKiWdcIAioyE0IxiRqAcZvMhnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、居室中有些地面都是有防水层的,若是将防水层破坏的话,很容易使楼下的住户变成“水帘洞”。因此,业主在装修地面的时候需要注意的是,不要将地面防水层破坏,若是不小心破坏了的话,切记一定要重新做防水工程,并且做完后要经过“48小时渗水实验”后,如果不漏水,才算合格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AWo6dG0eCoCkyExyyGDcZYWjnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、还有燃气管道的拆改也是要慎重的,若是居民或装修人员私自拆改燃气管道、包封燃气阀门很容易造成燃气泄漏。因为,燃气管道被包封起来,气体泄漏将很难会被发现,并且气体一旦泄露的话很不容易扩散。并且在使用的时候,也没有专业的安全监测,一旦遇见明火的话必然会引起爆炸的情况发生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMOIdOasCowoqGxOUPwcjqjInRd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电气改造","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TkKGdk0qKoaqGaxQVX6cgn9nn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电改造是装修中重要的工程部分,很多生活中房子会出现的问题都是水电工程不达标留下的隐患。所以对于这部分的施工一定要慎之又慎,避免后期出现不必要的麻烦。另外在操作完成后,也要做好防水的相关工作,这样后期的隐患也会减轻不少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VkiSdUseGo0yISxvL3Wcvw9lnwL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以根据设计师的水电施工图纸进行水电改造。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RCCSdk608oomUCxawvVc2Cpwn6c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电改造方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S4gkdKWYioKo2yxIHeGcIyBLnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、把关在装修的时候业主要对自己家里的布局有个全局的想法,要弄清楚家里的家具大概放什么地方,哪里放什么电器,多大的都要考虑好,这样有规划的做水电改造是很关键的,要不然会浪费很多人力物力,在设计的时候装修公司会为你出很多方案。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JqegdKCqYoYeIUxnNglcu9OYnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、买材料的时候要看是不是正规的厂家生产的合格产品,现在的水电品牌多如牛毛,业主在装修的时候不知道什么牌子,什么规格的比较好,最好是对这方面的知识有些了解,要不然让装修公司去买的话以次充好,那就得不偿失了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CKQqd6C6ioyeQkx6t08c8lN7nvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、在进场的时候要对装修材料进行核实,看看是不是质量合格的材料,要不然装修好了就不好核实了,还有就是要对工作人员核实,看看他们是否具有水电暖施工资质,确认后才能让他们施工。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qq8cdiS6UoaMMixSgTQcoTGUnV3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、水电改造施工好后,要对施工的每一处细节要仔细的验收,水路验收的时候看水改是不是用金属管卡固定的,距离不能过大,浴室的出水口是不是左热右冷,距离是否达标,接口是不是水平。水电路线不能在同一槽内,每个下水口都要进行通水试验。必须要进行打压试验,时间压力要标准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSigdsSmeo62uoxqIVycsUfwn1e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电改造要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B8qAdUEqkoEuWMxC6AMczcPPngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先要确定洗澡是要站着洗还是躺着洗,用浴盆还是淋浴,尺寸要多大,卫生间能不能容得下这个尺寸,这些问题都是要影响水路的上下水设计和电路的插座位置的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y4sQdSEEMooO0kxSa14cKhuyneh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、若是选择安装淋浴是安装淋浴房还是装浴帘,是否要安装底座,附近是否有地漏,出水口大概在什么位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IYeqdmooOoEsQSxKkSucRmwznKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、淋浴的出水口常规设计是左热右冷,两管之间的间距要保持15cm。因为目前市面上售卖的支架式淋浴龙头比较多,这样的淋浴龙头对于出水口的间距及尺寸要求比较严格。首先要保证两个出水口的水平高度一致,还要保证两个出水口在同一水平面上。还要特别注意一点就是出水口不能设置在腰线的位置,高度也要根据家庭成员的平均身高来确定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GoewdMUQWocsC8xu6OicEEvYnYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、二手房厨卫改造可能还涉及到地漏的移动和增加个数的问题。移动地漏需要注意一定要抬高地面,若是要安装深水封地漏,那么地面至少上抬10cm以上,可以采用局部地面抬高或是整体地面抬高的方式。在更换地漏时要注意一点,普通地漏不能作为洗衣机地漏,会出现返水现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQm0dmQGMooiqixyO38c4kCInCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、坐便器移位也是卫生间拆改会遇到的问题,但切记坐便器移动的距离不能超过10cm,否则坐便器会下水不畅,容易堵。若是一定要移动坐便器的位置,那么就要从楼下改管移动马桶下水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BecIdM8gEoiI2uxwh2bcPVw7nXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、浴霸用风暖的还是灯暖的涉及到电路改造,因为灯暖的浴霸一般是要连5根电线,而风暖的浴霸的电线数一般是3-8根,具体看你选择什么样的型号了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XMICdOocGoS4Y6xyK6xcyqlXnYg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房水电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYWQdY4eYooMIgxmgX0caa1FnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房要预留净水机的电源、进水口、排污管道,电源一般留在进水口旁边。厨房要使用燃气热水器的,要预留燃气热水器的进、出水管,一般选择靠窗户的位置,离地1.5米高,旁边预留插座。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JYSKdY84goiE0AxWyp0cfcTYnwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"燃气表旁边预留插座,电子燃气表需要电源;厨房操作台上方要装一排插座,供电饭煲、小家电使用,一般预留3-5个插座,高度1.2米;冰箱要在离地面0.5米到1米之间设置插座,因为冰箱在使用中等30厘米的位置是释放热量的空间,所以安装时要避免这些位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8QQdIGyAoSyaoxwXVPcgxk7nnd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台水电 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQmKdQ4u2oiQMMxwpI8c71Suntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台水电比较简单,阳台洗衣机预留冷水管,阳台洗手盆预留冷热水管。洗衣机电源预留高度在40公分。顶部预留智能晾衣架电源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y2IMdqE66oAcS8xULzRcB6ZknEb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间水电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4mKdMGIwoYQ62x8ARdcQ0dVnnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间改造的时候需要注意的比较多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CkK8d2Ay0oWSYax4dt2cPfz9nwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"水路:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"洗脸盆的冷热水口2个、留热水器的进水口和出水口各1个、坐便器或蹲厕水箱接口1个、淋浴区地漏1个,如果洗衣机放卫生间,也要给洗衣机预留地漏1个。冷热水管也要保持一定的距离,否则会影响水管的保温效果,洗澡时需要等很久才有热水。一般水管铺设时,左热右冷,间距是15厘米。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AsCEdIIsIoSsmwxQ7Bscwi5Nnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水管管道走完后要进行试水打压试验,再做防水处理。地漏安装完后马上冲水,因为担心安装过程中有水泥掉在下水管道中,时间长了受潮凝固,导致下水道不通。在卫生间墙面安装其它卫浴产品五金等,切记安装前要查阅水路电路存档照片,避开墙上的水管和电路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IEeEd2SUuoKwUmxoDHYcw3HQnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"电路:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就算安装的是普通马桶,也要在旁边预留插座,方便业主以后安装智能马桶。预留热水器的进、出水管及电源,燃气和电的随便选择,都预留好。浴室柜旁边预留插座、浴室柜上面1.8米高预留电源,镜前灯使用。注意:卫生间要使用4mm²的铜芯线。水管尽量走顶,这样既方便做防水也方便以后检修。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JCCQdMQQWosw4cxOGyHcGT2Qnjf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅卧室水电 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuuMdSCEmoEyoCxctZ1cPGm1nJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅卧室主要是要处理电路,要留意这些:客厅灯卧室灯要改成双控;客厅预留灯带、筒灯的开关及电源,开关一般放在电视墙。 电视墙电源一般留4-5个,高度在35公分,预留弱电,电视墙预留50管,挂电视时隐藏电线。在沙发的左右两边预留电源,以备手机充电,高度在40公分左右。卧室床头柜的插座抬高到60公分,方便插拔。书桌下预留多排插座。一般客厅空调一组回路,卧室空调每2台一组回路。如果业主家安装了新风或电热地暖,也要为它们准备专用回路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OeyOdk2auogm2kxuS79cYUKZnog"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":589,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅卧室水电 ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/648f044c0be247ec8cb1dec67ffab3b8","width":939},"text":"","id":"DYEydsmyYo42CgxaK1bcaTu7nwc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内整体装修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A2WmdAmKsoMaQsxqZyoczSyTnWj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内整体装修包括木工、泥瓦工、油漆工的装修。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ASyOdeAOMoUcs8xCiLqckLpdnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木工作为一道繁杂的工序,也可当作是主体修改的关键环节来对待,与水电路的改良并不冲突,有时可能还需要一些配合。木工是为业主完成房屋装修过程中的各项木质工程的工种,其人工费用占到整个家装工程人工费用的40-60%不等。目前市场上比较常规的木工定制产品有:成品套装门、定制衣柜、定制书柜、定制橱柜、定制移门等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8k6d2acuoWEQKxAzAAclZPinBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"泥瓦工序就是大家关心的贴瓷砖这一步骤,以及墙面、地面的基层处理和各区域防水工程。这项面子工程是否有好的施工质量不但直接影响到整体装修的外观是否整洁美观,而且防水质量直接关系到业主入住后的居住质量。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O0wQdqy4Sooigmxy0UecW8EPnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"油漆工程一般是硬装即将结束的标志了,包含墙体表面处理、批腻子、砂纸打磨、刷底涂、刷涂料等步骤。油漆工程是面子工程,如果油漆工艺做的不好的话,就会留下入住后的困扰,如墙面开裂、掉漆等。所以一定要去注意施工工艺以及工艺原则,不遵守这些步骤的话就会影响家装质量了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U46GdaKIcoq6oYxqHn1cqPxFnw8"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"具体步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kou6dSI4QoomWKx0E2Wcuib4nVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电工完成之后,一般是先做木工,对其家里的石膏板等吊顶,电视背景墙以及家里需要打柜子的制作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SAomdwsu4o64IYxo9TFcRq6DnQh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅装修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FqUydU0CIoCE0ExmO5ecPPGQnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修客厅一般是先进行吊顶。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z86ydm0ImosQiqxeiZdcIyycnOP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"安装客厅天花板之前,必须绘制天花板的尺寸,然后设置好天花板上的位置,用冲击钻钻洞,最后用固定的膨胀螺丝的大龙骨(木质骨架称为龙骨)。然后,将地板上的骨架固定到天花板上,使用方形条作为固定柱,水平和水平固定骨架,并根据图纸的大小切割多余的骨架,下一步是固定石膏板。建议使用十字架将石膏板固定在天花板上并用螺丝固定。有必要去除剩余的石膏板。这个屋顶差不多完了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOS8dMAGcouoimxyq4qcTvXvnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"住宅客厅吊顶的石膏板固定后,可以进行装饰。例如,在干墙的凹槽中施加纱布以避免收缩和开裂。将装饰线固定在天花板的边缘,最后放上腻子粉或其他装饰材料。漂亮的天花板就做好了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YsQ6dSiEmoeEyCxKsWscmn8cnsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们装修餐厅的时候也可以选择同样的吊顶花纹,装修家具可以选择长方形餐桌,这样搭配起来比较协调。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SOUodIEOEoK6Eoxe6gicWoNWnPd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":439,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅装修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1c539a7df5454972ade5b4a1e0f0a19d","width":905},"text":"","id":"VaUGdEMwGo2GMaxYp7sch1yknRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅这一块装修还需要考虑到玄关的装修,装修玄关一般要考虑实用性,可以打造定制家具作为衣柜、鞋柜、雨伞等杂物的收纳。如南北通透类长方形小户型客厅,玄关设计要简洁;如客厅结构是长条形,可在餐厅门口设置半通透玄关,以便区分用餐空间,还可增设暖暗光源,装饰艺术长廊效果;如客厅较宽,还可有落地窗设计等。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NeW0dMSMwosuYYxeQ0ccVtH3nrg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单收纳玄关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8SsdoyYwoM8eoxSKHccDKn4nKd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":662,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅装修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f3e8f01908d846e698df1b700ddbb974","width":980},"text":"","id":"PIq0dcYqUo848MxglOEcLIqwnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半通透玄关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAO6d6QyuoSYaMxuq1FcSBBPnPc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":659,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅装修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9dfe6588d24c4f3aab24c57c09a5a1b9","width":1160},"text":"","id":"DoM6dWQSMoECIMxMfN1c602xn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落地窗玄关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OoU4doMEIoeaa0xITGtcHPkGn4g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":525,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅装修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c2c49022320a45e6a4d8e914824efcfa","width":775},"text":"","id":"Jgy2dgYMioq0Scxyn7TcUXpnnQ2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电视背景墙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IQOKdkSyUoAgEWxOsXIcoa8qnRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制作电视背景墙需要选择合适的材质,不同的材质所营造的效果不同,然后根据既定的材质,考虑背景墙是侧重实用还是侧重装饰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Di8sd4mm2ocY4QxMf1EcJG3Nnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以采用大理石雕刻出的角线做造型,然后中间贴瓷砖用瓷砖贴出造型花样。这种造型一般都是与客厅的地砖造型相呼应的。客厅使用大理石来装饰能瞬间提前档次和品质,而且时尚的质感能体现出来,大理石面的不规则花纹,原生态的自然效果也是让人喜欢的另一面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GI8ud08WiomIMaxYR9scMfIHnr3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电视背景墙","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d29abdfaba0846039f880630a119d9ce","width":600},"text":"","id":"BUyidUmMEo8SYExeOr9ccgspncb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有一种做法就是用文化石做背景墙,人造文化石一般具有环保节能,质量轻的优点。其古朴,极具造型感,被年轻人所青睐。由于是用作电视墙,瓷砖尽量选用柔光砖,表面光反射没有亮光砖强烈,看电视时开灯也不会有光反射。铺贴方式也同普通砖一样简单,价格也是地砖价格经济实惠。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I26QdOce8owGM6xytbncPpm1nHr"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电视背景墙","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fea7eb3b5693482c9f20485b51431550","width":600},"text":"","id":"U6Gido6oIouQK4xmikHcAXSan8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYaKd2QOYo4auoxuwmec7EEGnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果室内面积比较小,可以考虑选择定制家具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SSksdI6eeoEQyOxAPpach1SJnXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前,市场上已经出现一大批的定制家具企业。这些企业在大规模生产的基础上,将每位消费者视为一个单独的细分市场,满足单个消费者的个性需求。目前,多采用定制形式的家具主要有整体衣柜、整体书柜、整体橱柜、步入式衣帽间、入墙衣柜等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TY8kdYAuiouUA0xMNGLcP9EAn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具的流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EmIwdyqGgoCQkCxa8OxcONZ9nUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一般情况下设计师会跟业主提前沟通一下,了解一下业主的想法以及生活方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IaeodIUGcoeueUx81pLcBHUonNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、带业主参观样品展厅,考察产品工艺和生产制作流程,交流家居配置风格需求,根据会谈详细记录分析,与业主约定初步配套方案面谈时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PyIOdWoS6okiykxKAKHczntcnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、完成上面两步之后要做的是上门初步测量工作,确定好家居的尺寸以及摆放的位置,之后要做的就是进行多全方位的准确测量工作,精准测算出家居的尺寸以及占地面积和摆放布局等情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6Mgd4uaiog2eCxOUlNcF5jDnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、设计师会根据现场测量的实际结果绘制出基本的家具设计图,然后跟业主沟通之后就可以初步确定设计方案了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MGYodgimMocgAKxiiHRcJe0JnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、面谈进行方案磋商,并进行调整终达到业主满意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GQ8idAMG2o8eW2x89bEc0hP4nGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、在家具的生产制作过程中应该随时与业主保持沟通,所采用的材料以及颜色要及时告知业主,有异议的话应该及时沟通调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMgMdYwEQomsMcxRWpicJItHnYv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅定制家具:可以根据需求定制电视柜和储物柜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyAadsGi2oqUAixucm6cB35Lnuf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/48fd220a01f941e2a5be81a2c202029d","width":603},"text":"","id":"Bc6IdkSm6oW2c0xkpBCcuhzpn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卧室定制家具:定制衣柜、床头柜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BkUWdyWyso8qEwxYzJcc3kwun5b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":534,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ba88325de974be3b06688678b968eb4","width":933},"text":"","id":"PGOuduuiOoqyouxU9qFcVlA7nLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"房间的整体定制:定制飘窗、榻榻米、书柜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J0s6dGmymoaC0QxQhddcqhJsn5g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":541,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/66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时间就完成了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8cydu08QoIMA4xCCzlcLl5jnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我们安装橱柜的时候,我们也可以将已买的水槽,灶台等送货上门安装了,然后一起进行安装。在这里大王就强调一点,燃气一定要提前开通好,因为安装完之后要进行试气的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Emg0dAYAAo4cC8xSQGTcFU7Znbc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"木门安装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HICAd4CwUos40KxcEvdcDerdnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橱柜安装完之后,下一步就要进行室内门安装了,注意一点的是,室内门要是定制的话,那一定要提前一个月定制,一般安装时间就一天时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TmSIdw8eMocsSUxewIecd4ctnJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"开关插座灯具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MC8MdsSy0oMwocxk8ykc2lURnPy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"壁纸贴完之后,我们就要进行开关,插座以及灯具的安装,那在此之前,我们一定要根据水电工给到的开关,插座、灯具数量进行提前购买好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TEuGdqeY0oAkiAxyAFmcJ0OVnMf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"开关插座灯具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/717a9186400e40a6a8cd233b9c646065","width":400},"text":"","id":"PeqAdIU8IoOsiyxobumcdbDzngc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五金安装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OsqedkcWcoE4AwxIB9vcTrN2n0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五金安装部分,这里主要指的是一些水龙头,卫浴挂件以及洁具、阳台的晾衣架等等安装。在这里提醒大家,五金一定要购买好的,不然后期很容易坏掉,一旦坏了,后期更换非常的麻烦然而我们安装完上下水管件。水龙头,角阀等一定要进行开关测试,看看是否有漏水的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUA8dCg6soueIYxUN04cv4Tmnlg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"开荒保洁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NG8gd4ciqogomoxpaKfcrWe2nOW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修到上一步就全部完成了,接下来我们就要对其全屋彻底的清洁打扫了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SKaIdW6eYowgsMxkBr7cNYrgntf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"窗帘安装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S2awdi6GWoUCsSxMFoCcdVqJnxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此时就可以将其家里准备好的窗帘进行拿出来安装了!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NyQwdIooCoic6axCwQ7ccr3CnTd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"家具、家电进场","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KoIUdoGs2oCMSuxkDc5cig3hnzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成基础装修后就开始安装家具家电了,可以把购买的沙发、床铺、冰箱、电视机等家具家电安装摆放在合适的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyKwdk6OuoYyC4xWcDGcMrxXnFg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JWIcdCkCQoWSeAxcVr3cUlnsnyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、我们在装饰地板时往往注意瓷砖和地板是否美观,而忽略了踢脚线。踢脚线不仅起到保护墙面的作用,还能有画龙点睛的效果。所以我们可以选择些美观精致的踢脚线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F884dqe8OoKWQ0x2LFdc1khwnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、瓷砖铺好后,为了防止瓷砖间的缝隙弄脏,我们可以做填缝处理。这里小编建议尽量采用填缝剂或美缝剂来填缝,不少业主为了省钱,会使用白水泥来填缝,白水泥粉的防水性能会较差些,粘贴牢度和硬度也会较差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQoadcUkco6wcsxY5OfcZ65hnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、防水工程是重中之重的,大家在这方面要更加注意些,不过也别因小失大,忽略了地漏的排水一定要低于地面这样的地漏规则,在装修时提醒下泥水师傅就好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QKi2dw4UQoAuUsxeUG6czM86ndc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、必须考虑材料选择,卧室应选择吸声、隔音良好的装饰材料,是一个非常重要的因素。柔软美观的布贴纸、保温、吸声功能地毯是卧室的理想选择。大理石、花岗岩、地砖等冷硬材料不适合卧室使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Rc8edQqQaoQgiWxABZRciSCSnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、卧室的主要功能是供人们休息和睡觉,功能非常重要。因此,卧室的设计必须围绕营造一个安静的休息空间,其中床是当之无愧的主角。首先要注意床的舒适性,然后包括装饰风格、布局、色彩和装饰。卧室的照明以暖黄色为基调。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LkGSdsYgqo2SUixQz1XcUNo2nZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、不可忽视的饰品装饰,巧妙地在房间里装饰一些小饰品也是一个很好的方法。它不仅可以增加房间的氛围,还可以改善整个空间的气质。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WKY8du2m6owIY6x6d7ecCEO6nge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修案例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KU4odgyAaoakSexqAZJct4IOnSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装修案例","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fb34c2976f54b6d9e21e9d85322b8eb","width":579},"text":"","id":"BOa8dAaSgoies0xUhE5cBjXanHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个装修一看就觉得十分简单明亮,灰白色的哑光地板的搭配白色墙面,整个房间的色调简单、干净。我们可以看到他的沙发没有使用大型转角沙发的设计,而是小型布艺沙发搭配小茶几,侧边增加软座椅的风格。这样的家居搭配更加节省空间,让室内显得大方、宽广。落地灯和吊灯的小设计加上地毯的平面几何图案明显提高了房间的格调。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G8y6dMOa4og2qExOQJEcykxGn2e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":381,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装修案例","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/49ba2eb46ffc49b4947829e95ef7f221","width":569},"text":"","id":"DgWedMQuSoA6cAxuku0cMt8VnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一户虽然客厅的面积比较上一家有所减少,但是我们丝毫不会感到拥挤。因为他们将茶几去掉,改为高低小圆桌,空间上更有层次感却不占地方。对于小户型小家庭来说,一个长沙发足以容纳3-4人,若是家里来了客人就用懒人座椅招待,惬意得很。小户型想要“扁平化”,装饰上就要尽量选择素色、浅色的装修,选择相近颜色也不会让人感觉乱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUo0dWE4aoSiw8xc8T6c3s6Enib"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":389,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装修案例","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69b67cf74b1c4612aacfa8efa9773362","width":572},"text":"","id":"GG0ydSOycoUUacx6oq8ccSZcn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这家人明显在装饰上下了功夫,他们的家具选择都是四四方方的简单设计却十分考究,没有一丝多余占用的空间。而墙壁和隔断的装修分别采用了立体石砖纹路、木纹和镜面拼接的元素,时尚又富有艺术气息,适合追求高端大气的都市白领进行参考。中规中矩的家具搭配深色墙壁装修,虽然看起来色调偏暗但是完全不觉得狭窄。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JywKdc8iYo4ww4xUxZicXAsxn7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":388,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装修案例","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/527339fb535447368f62a126d68e0892","width":556},"text":"","id":"SuQcdUo28ogWa0xmieQcsywcncc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后一家的装明显相比前几家的设计感就少了很多,更适合年龄稍微大一些的人参考。一眼看上去感觉好像有一种邻家的亲切感,灰色大转角沙发和黑色亮面电视柜、黑色小茶几的搭配朴素不花哨。地板和墙壁中规中矩,墙壁没有选择“大白墙”,而是是用来墙纸和但换色的瓷砖电视背景墙,让整个家里温馨了不少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FCOedqMMGoWeGUxGCy0cLWI7nRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MooOdkq0YoKAcwxgRKCcdZcMnWf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

4. jc-332温控说明书

在书法史上,小楷是从隶书出,也就是汉代就有了小楷书法的雏形了,小楷书法一般是指直径在1厘米到3厘米之间的楷书书法。

毛笔

一般用“七紫三羊”毛笔,直径6mm--7mm,出锋30mm--35mm。并且每个人的用笔习惯和用笔感觉不同,笔的大小是不同的。而且小楷也要看字是多大的小楷,是蚕豆大的字还是蝇头小楷,它们的用笔也会不同。注意:大笔可写小字,反之则不成。

制作毛笔笔头的原料以羊毛、黄鼠狼尾毛居多。笔头的材料不同,书写的效果也是不同的感觉。习笔之人皆知,黄鼠狼尾毛享有软黄金的美誉,十分珍贵。羊毫也不是随便就能凑合的。因此毛料选材很重要。

一支好的小楷毛笔应具备弹性好且耐用的特点。就平常比较难书写的撇、捺、钩,若想写的行云流水般酣畅淋漓,毛笔的弹性是良好手感的又一个因素。

古法制作流程,一支毛笔要经过独特的制作选料、理毛、去脂、去绒、齐毛、切料、混毛、剔毛、配料、梳衬、捲笔、披毫、上灰、绑等几十道工序的处理。有的工序要反复做十几遍甚至更多,才能保证品质的精良,从而达到尖、圆、齐、健等各大要求。

技巧

小楷书法深受书法爱好者的喜爱,其主要原因是它具备了人们对汉字书法的审美观点是一致的,作为小楷书法来说,它有点画精致、笔力刚劲、法度严谨、质朴简明的主要特点,这些特点在书法的书写上也反映了书写者的功力和技法水平,同时,也反映了书写者内在的气质所在。因此,小楷书法可以说是人的内心世界的反映,说明了书写者平和的气质、文静的心态和一定的审美与修养水平。小楷的点画在形态上是很富有变化的,相传钟繇小楷,点画各异,右军作字书,万字不同。为了便于初学者切实扼要的掌握此法,试图用比较通俗的语言作一些介绍。

一、点 法

点犹如人的眼睛,在字中起着点睛和相互映带的作用。小楷的点在用笔上有独立点和连带点两种类型;在形状上有三角点、小撇点、小提点和小竖点四种基本类型。

独立点

独立点,即单独存在,与其他笔画之间不做连接,但笔断意连。书写时要求笔尖落纸后轻灵果断,顺势收笔。收笔笔势直接朝向下一笔,以求相互呼应。如“之”“以”“为(爲)”“黯”等字

连带点

连带点,即点与点之间,或点、画之间有牵连,使得点、画之间更显气脉贯通,摇曳多姿。书写时要带一些行书弹跳笔意,用笔迅捷,一气呵成。如“烟”“则(則)”“终(終)”“樵”等字。

三角点、小撇点、小提点、小竖点

小楷作点以露锋居多,形状各异。三角点,露锋入笔向右下按笔铺毫,落点要轻,收笔时轻顿,迅速转锋回收;小撇点,侧锋入笔后向左下角快速收笔;小提点,下笔稍重向右上方逐渐提笔,动作不要太大,取仰势;小竖点即竖的缩写。下笔侧锋斜入,向下直行然后驻笔收锋。如图:“思”“六”“心”“堂”等字。

二、横 画

横画又称为勒,所谓勒有愈收愈紧之意,发笔时要逆入,收笔电动机回顾,行笔时要意有所顾,逆势涩进,《禁经》所谓“画如长锥之界石”喻其不可太光滑浮薄之意。

凡写长画,当于不平中求平,使其画势上平而下呈拱状,就象一只覆舟之样,切忌上平下亦平,则板刻之弊立见,柳宗元《八法颂》中说:“勒常患平”即是此意。

横画又要贵于变化,陈绎曾《翰林要诀》中说:“凡平画忌如算子,终篇展玩,不见横画,始是书法。”所谓不见横画即是指无平行齐头,板刻凝滞之笔。

长横

长横一般两头粗中间细,45度角左右露锋入笔,行笔至三分之一处逐渐开始提笔变细,略带弧意,尾部45度角左右圆转迅速收锋。长横用笔需果断自然,轻重缓急,起伏有度。如图:“晋”“右”“古”“军”等字。

短横

短横一般分为平横和左尖横两种。

平横短小,粗细基本一致,没有太大的提按变化;左尖横,尖锋入笔后按笔圆收,呈左边尖细右边粗圆体态,虚实相生。小短横与左尖横的用笔都要轻灵洒脱。如“天”“王”“夫”“其”等字。

三、竖

凡写竖画,当于曲势中求挺拔,则见笔力。古人称竖画为努法,努有用力之意。李溥光《雪庵八法》中说:“努之为法,用弯行曲扭,如挺千斤之力。”这是一种富有弹性和力度的曲线之美,或向、或背、或背中有向,或向中有背,或势直而局部曲,最不可板滞,故柳宗元《八法颂》中说:“努过直则力败。”就是这个意思。竖一般分为两种。一种是悬针竖,一种是垂露竖。

四、折

小楷的折笔分为两种。一种是方折,一种是圆折。方折用顿笔,棱角分明,骨力外露;圆折用转笔,婉转通畅,含蓄内敛。如“争”“里”“即”“国”等字。

五、长撇

长撇,古人又称之为“掠”法。

古人云:“掠如篦之掠发,此乃斜悬针而末锋飞起,宜出锋处送笔力到而匀,不可半途击出,则无力而瘦弱”。故作掠之法,颈部要细,腰部微弯曲,宜肥劲有力。颜真卿《八法颂》说:“掠仿佛以宜肥”。出锋时当以腕送,饱满尖锐,万不可作虚尖斜拂之状。

六、短撇

短撇,古人称之为“啄”法。

“啄”者,如鸟之啄物,锐而且速,喻其用笔当迅捷、爽利、明快。陈绎曾《翰林要诀》中说:“点首撇尾,左出微仰,如鸟喙之啄物”。

七、捺

作捺之法,一波三折,势宜开张。李溥光《雪庵八法》中说:“险横三过,而开揭其势力。”行笔宜抑扬顿挫,不徐不疾,从容不迫。收笔时,须笔战行右出,意即写捺角时笔画满捺,已带侧势,须用腕法带动笔锋,逐步衄挫,边走边提,将锋提到离纸之时。

唐太宗《笔法论》中说:“磔须战笔发外,得意徐乃出之。”所谓“得意”即收笔时能将笔锋收归画中。

小楷的捺一般分直捺、曲捺和反捺三种。

斜捺

斜捺露起露收,入笔带虚尖,然后向右下方行笔,笔毫斜铺展开,出捺角时顿笔平收。直捺显阳刚率真。如“人”“受”等字。

平捺

平捺有前后都露锋和前后都藏锋等多种写法。无论何种写法,用笔都强调一波三折,灵活舒展。如“之”“道”等字。

反捺

反捺和斜捺相反,一收一放。反捺,尖锋入纸后向右下方逐渐按笔加重,后转笔藏收。反捺不出锋,显含蓄内敛。如“衣”“破”等字。

八、挑

挑画多用在字的左边,其势向右上斜出,与右边的点画相策应,形成相背拱揖的笔势。下笔稍重,斜向右上方行笔,出锋稍快,取仰势。挑画书写时注意笔速不要过慢,过慢容易滞板。如“林”“或”“法”“经”等字。

九、钩

钩法,古人谓之趯法,有跳跃之意,陈思《八法详说》中说:“趯须蹲锋得势而出,出则暗收”。

所谓蹲锋,即出钩之前先向下作一快速的按笔动作,如人跳高时跃起前的半蹲动作一样,所谓“得势而出”即指蹲锋后在恰到好处时迅速出钩,不可迟疑,若佇思稍息则神纵不坠矣,出钩时要力送到笔尖,钩要饱满,不可虚尖怯露。

硬笔

字的间架结构好坏,直接影响其美观、气质。硬笔书法独体字的书法结构较难掌握,需要注意整个字的整体美感、主笔、副笔的区分。

技巧

一、点

硬笔楷书点画的基本写法,轻轻的起笔,逐渐加力,停顿一下,再回峰。回峰对于硬笔来说,幅度不宜过大,往往只是一个动作。

右点:下笔轻,由轻到中向右下行笔,稍按后即收笔,不能重描,一次成画。关键要有行笔过程,万不可笔尖一着纸就收笔。

左点:起笔露锋,行笔的笔锋向左,边行边按,收笔藏锋。注意,收笔时向右回峰收笔,即藏锋。

二、横

横画在汉字中起着横梁般的作用,它的长短变化则平衡整个汉字结构,因此,既要坚挺扎实,又要生动活泼。写横画不论长短,为适合人的视觉效果,都要写得左低右高,略带斜势。

短横:写法是轻起笔,向右逐渐用力,最后轻顿笔回锋收笔,左低右高,左细右粗。

长横:写时起笔作顿,然后向右上行笔,结束处顿笔回锋收笔。由于两头用笔重,行笔慢,中间用笔轻,行笔快,往往写出来的长横就是两头粗,中间细,中间平直的地方略带弧度。

三、竖

垂露竖:起笔向右下方顿笔,向下垂直行笔,不宜过用力,收笔时,顿笔回峰。注意:回峰方向,要根据下一笔的位置来定回峰方向。短竖书写方法相同。

悬针竖:右下落笔,用力下按,转锋向下运行,力度由重到轻,根据字体大小,大概四分之三处提笔出锋。注意,根据要写的字的大小来判断竖笔的长短。

四、撇

斜撇,起笔稍顿笔,收笔处要出锋。行笔速度由慢到快,如小鸟俯冲路过水面。形状上“前直后弯”要注意倾斜角度。

竖撇,书写方法同短撇,运笔稍长,方向先垂直向下,四分之三处提笔撇出收笔。注意:弧度的把控。

五、捺

捺分为斜捺和平捺,书写方法相同,斜捺,下笔较轻(轻落笔),向右下由轻到重行笔,行至捺脚处重按笔,然后向右水平方向由重到轻提笔拖出,收笔要出尖。平捺,起笔向右运笔,相当于写一个小短横,再向右下方运笔,出尖前按笔向右出锋提笔,锋不宜太长。

钢笔楷书的特点是:用笔有提顿、藏露、方圆、快慢等讲究;笔画起收有序、笔笔分明、坚实有力、停而不断、直而不僵、流畅自然;结构上强调笔画和部首均衡分布、重心平稳、比例适当、字型端正、合乎规范。

练习

选择合适的字帖临摹

要练习小楷了,首先至少得准备一本小楷字帖。历史上的小楷名家如王羲之、钟繇、赵孟頫、文征明等,多不胜数,自己可以从网上查看这些名家的小楷作品,选择一本自己喜欢的字帖作为范本。好的范本选择很关键,古人讲:取法乎上得乎其中。所以我们建议选小楷字帖时最好选清代以前名家小楷范本。

文征明《摩诃般若波罗蜜多心经》

从易到难坚持练习

练习方法:首先从《灵飞经》、《黄庭经》、《汲黯传》等名家小楷帖子入手比,因为是最历史上经典的,代表小楷的高峰,建议首先通临,找出规律,再从笔画精细出下工夫,然后是单个字关注结构,还有就是运笔初学恪守:指实掌虚,指死腕活。先守住这8个字,坚持一段时间再慢慢灵活用笔,达到死去活来的效果。

对于初学者来说,好的书法工具无异于雪里送炭。可以帮助学习者更快的取得学习书法进步 ,对于有一定基础的书法爱好者来说则是锦上添花,更能发挥出应有的水平。所以悉心选择好自己心仪的法帖,选择好的毛笔,适合自己的纸质。这个过程本身就是一件令人赏心悦目的快事!再加上个人冬去春来,日积月累的坚持临习,就一定会练出有功底的漂亮小楷的。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"在书法史上,小楷是从隶书出,也就是汉代就有了小楷书法的雏形了,小楷书法一般是指直径在1厘米到3厘米之间的楷书书法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMQ6KqmQ48iw6MnXWnfc9qh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4G2YgQSsIaGUaoBjBoC96e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般用“七紫三羊”毛笔,直径6mm--7mm,出锋30mm--35mm。并且每个人的用笔习惯和用笔感觉不同,笔的大小是不同的。而且小楷也要看字是多大的小楷,是蚕豆大的字还是蝇头小楷,它们的用笔也会不同。注意:大笔可写小字,反之则不成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngmaq2KGeMgkkYhrvSniwzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":640,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0fe33972b28f4ac0a692262619016704","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcn0wYwSGCG2UqE8jr6T2HkOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制作毛笔笔头的原料以羊毛、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"黄鼠狼尾毛居多。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔头的材料不同,书写的效果也是不同的感觉。习笔之人皆知,黄鼠狼尾毛享有软黄金的美誉,十分珍贵。羊毫也不是随便就能凑合的。因此毛料选材很重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYiyakWMGqI6WAzKw7jKDef"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":777,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e517c080042b467f911826f52988a905","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnIeqo6og0C2gkmUyEW6rOmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一支好的小楷毛笔应具备弹性好且耐用的特点。就平常比较难书写的撇、捺、钩,若想写的行云流水般酣畅淋漓,毛笔的弹性是良好手感的又一个因素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniyWECaCAQ4CI8WJxGWcKJb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":832,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8820c29ffe3d44d28abab6d4ab3170a3","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnI0y6084y0IaCswiXPsIm4l"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古法制作流程,一支毛笔要经过独特的制作选料、理毛、去脂、去绒、齐毛、切料、混毛、剔毛、配料、梳衬、捲笔、披毫、上灰、绑等几十道工序的处理。有的工序要反复做十几遍甚至更多,才能保证品质的精良,从而达到尖、圆、齐、健等各大要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgyA84sGGiM6GGZwczRyCb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUCuSSSQWweccj4WFLZb1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小楷书法深受书法爱好者的喜爱,其主要原因是它具备了人们对汉字书法的审美观点是一致的,作为小楷书法来说,它有点画精致、笔力刚劲、法度严谨、质朴简明的主要特点,这些特点在书法的书写上也反映了书写者的功力和技法水平,同时,也反映了书写者内在的气质所在。因此,小楷书法可以说是人的内心世界的反映,说明了书写者平和的气质、文静的心态和一定的审美与修养水平。小楷的点画在形态上是很富有变化的,相传钟繇小楷,点画各异,右军作字书,万字不同。为了便于初学者切实扼要的掌握此法,试图用比较通俗的语言作一些介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6mwoECaAQ8iAyxxBMdDo4h"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点 法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq6CMmmG86OoY21nbgxcUnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点犹如人的眼睛,在字中起着点睛和相互映带的作用。小楷的点在用笔上有独立点和连带点两种类型;在形状上有三角点、小撇点、小提点和小竖点四种基本类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkGiQgeyeMGgIYjIlaN8bHe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"独立点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2YWWa088OUusQVRWBijB5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"独立点,即单独存在,与其他笔画之间不做连接,但笔断意连。书写时要求笔尖落纸后轻灵果断,顺势收笔。收笔笔势直接朝向下一笔,以求相互呼应。如“之”“以”“为(爲)”“黯”等字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKyaQawIkomoIgHvFplxGHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":179,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"独立点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d454bf40137346fd8de5f160e803f05c","width":699},"text":"","id":"doxcnMswGKMuY8iOwm2l69DboYb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"连带点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyoIAO82E6OyKQ5LkbQClc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连带点,即点与点之间,或点、画之间有牵连,使得点、画之间更显气脉贯通,摇曳多姿。书写时要带一些行书弹跳笔意,用笔迅捷,一气呵成。如“烟”“则(則)”“终(終)”“樵”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2QuesKUi2CyawJWci2g1tc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":199,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"连带点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f84920140f8e4d6b8f7cc8ecc1d71233","width":701},"text":"","id":"doxcn0Iiu0eI0AEiCcp9L0f7Obd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三角点、小撇点、小提点、小竖点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnccQ2y4uKQUqaOEtxKWZyMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小楷作点以露锋居多,形状各异。三角点,露锋入笔向右下按笔铺毫,落点要轻,收笔时轻顿,迅速转锋回收;小撇点,侧锋入笔后向左下角快速收笔;小提点,下笔稍重向右上方逐渐提笔,动作不要太大,取仰势;小竖点即竖的缩写。下笔侧锋斜入,向下直行然后驻笔收锋。如图:“思”“六”“心”“堂”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcEYwCQOu4O2mC1RxWhuKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":166,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三角点、小撇点、小提点、小竖点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/70831c7bafac40ab90e51dc0082a9f1f","width":705},"text":"","id":"doxcnaQ8yyQEymoEEMfZnfFjvJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横 画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGc0s20OSYOsGiuCcNBTamb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横画又称为勒,所谓勒有愈收愈紧之意,发笔时要逆入,收笔电动机回顾,行笔时要意有所顾,逆势涩进,《禁经》所谓“画如长锥之界石”喻其不可太光滑浮薄之意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQy0E6YAciwWEY3fJBUUWOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凡写长画,当于不平中求平,使其画势上平而下呈拱状,就象一只覆舟之样,切忌上平下亦平,则板刻之弊立见,柳宗元《八法颂》中说:“勒常患平”即是此意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsweUwKwY4Iwqqszz2DjxCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横画又要贵于变化,陈绎曾《翰林要诀》中说:“凡平画忌如算子,终篇展玩,不见横画,始是书法。”所谓不见横画即是指无平行齐头,板刻凝滞之笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncUUKKcymuwmsG4Uk3r3qqe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"长横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwMEcKcyyKEIpZAMM4FvpN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长横一般两头粗中间细,45度角左右露锋入笔,行笔至三分之一处逐渐开始提笔变细,略带弧意,尾部45度角左右圆转迅速收锋。长横用笔需果断自然,轻重缓急,起伏有度。如图:“晋”“右”“古”“军”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0Ag0ySK0ceUFaoqWgTViz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":162,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"长横","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/450903481f6b482db1ca439709351ba3","width":686},"text":"","id":"doxcnEiSgg8UkkKWWic583Tvned"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"短横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKCMi0yQa2sem2RG2FVhtVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短横一般分为平横和左尖横两种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngaQkqCSyUQ8s54yadfqlpZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平横短小,粗细基本一致,没有太大的提按变化;左尖横,尖锋入笔后按笔圆收,呈左边尖细右边粗圆体态,虚实相生。小短横与左尖横的用笔都要轻灵洒脱。如“天”“王”“夫”“其”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCMMa4SK68wwWExG5D1mn9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":156,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"短横","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/00f03a55e1d9457da03872abfe39a3d7","width":701},"text":"","id":"doxcnwasYMcUSISy6sr51N3PvOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6sGiccUaos6sotEK3QkrRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凡写竖画,当于曲势中求挺拔,则见笔力。古人称竖画为努法,努有用力之意。李溥光《雪庵八法》中说:“努之为法,用弯行曲扭,如挺千斤之力。”这是一种富有弹性和力度的曲线之美,或向、或背、或背中有向,或向中有背,或势直而局部曲,最不可板滞,故柳宗元《八法颂》中说:“努过直则力败。”就是这个意思。竖一般分为两种。一种是悬针竖,一种是垂露竖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ2kIiYUgGYemg1duMtaxxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e659a2404f134a3c8ed3addbafad38aa","width":700},"text":"","id":"doxcn0Oo4gQ42CQ6GuQKgDn3t3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYMEyiOSIWqEYQzMhWvFDjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小楷的折笔分为两种。一种是方折,一种是圆折。方折用顿笔,棱角分明,骨力外露;圆折用转笔,婉转通畅,含蓄内敛。如“争”“里”“即”“国”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSK0QGIIaCYmuKuIDrXPAHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":166,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b7d887a2428a4a849f18f8c3f77fca16","width":697},"text":"","id":"doxcn0ECYuyCq82okEfnURHIH7c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、长撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM0eY2k22ECgOmQb7T7zbdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长撇,古人又称之为“掠”法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCACOIWoWQiY6aYrEjokYVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古人云:“掠如篦之掠发,此乃斜悬针而末锋飞起,宜出锋处送笔力到而匀,不可半途击出,则无力而瘦弱”。故作掠之法,颈部要细,腰部微弯曲,宜肥劲有力。颜真卿《八法颂》说:“掠仿佛以宜肥”。出锋时当以腕送,饱满尖锐,万不可作虚尖斜拂之状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn42Eq82aomui4WwrFDATGph"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":161,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五、长撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/21566209263941b887b8a27710b50e09","width":695},"text":"","id":"doxcnOmkEKk4IoIGmoYhAPcWQob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、短撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIyiYYOcWgaKKQtEhBPdaec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短撇,古人称之为“啄”法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne6Q2IkC62kGEYVRi7Ikysc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“啄”者,如鸟之啄物,锐而且速,喻其用笔当迅捷、爽利、明快。陈绎曾《翰林要诀》中说:“点首撇尾,左出微仰,如鸟喙之啄物”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnayO2QQameiuER26LBP5hud"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":853,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"六、短撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5374b91de1c04f65bcad567dbadcfe8c","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcn4kAwiimysAAMamDv0G4nCc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACccESOeqkQUTdq9GTY1fx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作捺之法,一波三折,势宜开张。李溥光《雪庵八法》中说:“险横三过,而开揭其势力。”行笔宜抑扬顿挫,不徐不疾,从容不迫。收笔时,须笔战行右出,意即写捺角时笔画满捺,已带侧势,须用腕法带动笔锋,逐步衄挫,边走边提,将锋提到离纸之时。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWwoI4yw2i6I4Lc5G4Ir5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唐太宗《笔法论》中说:“磔须战笔发外,得意徐乃出之。”所谓“得意”即收笔时能将笔锋收归画中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0UW2Gcyk4UMIo1XTZ6oXqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小楷的捺一般分直捺、曲捺和反捺三种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYsWaIuaaGSkuakt5EOinQg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":129,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"七、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/658a14bff0a749548eb7a71865962d7f","width":709},"text":"","id":"doxcnwO6qIGswOWk8UjniF74Yhd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UIAqU8CoWsygjRIsZKyyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜捺露起露收,入笔带虚尖,然后向右下方行笔,笔毫斜铺展开,出捺角时顿笔平收。直捺显阳刚率真。如“人”“受”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6Is6YiwWICELzNiILI7HM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusYImocq8KGYO845jxfJCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平捺有前后都露锋和前后都藏锋等多种写法。无论何种写法,用笔都强调一波三折,灵活舒展。如“之”“道”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOS0Q4mUcgQasoMKFzuV7ib"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"反捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQymMayQSCQYCyA1Xku4Cch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"反捺和斜捺相反,一收一放。反捺,尖锋入纸后向右下方逐渐按笔加重,后转笔藏收。反捺不出锋,显含蓄内敛。如“衣”“破”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuCMuG4UwmmoOGyXKs94iUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、挑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAEGkSac6eKI2iMbmSjU1hh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑画多用在字的左边,其势向右上斜出,与右边的点画相策应,形成相背拱揖的笔势。下笔稍重,斜向右上方行笔,出锋稍快,取仰势。挑画书写时注意笔速不要过慢,过慢容易滞板。如“林”“或”“法”“经”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4SyWQqsqmw8CGyURUXrpqf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":152,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"八、挑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/278d12a275df4f5097b69321c3032bd9","width":691},"text":"","id":"doxcnUG0Yuuc4AuIq4ND6SmF2sg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUiGq66K8IiaUwrpzjiHvad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钩法,古人谓之趯法,有跳跃之意,陈思《八法详说》中说:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“趯须蹲锋得势而出,出则暗收”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEkucaq2GAs0eYsnyoQozDP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓蹲锋,即出钩之前先向下作一快速的按笔动作,如人跳高时跃起前的半蹲动作一样,所谓“得势而出”即指蹲锋后在恰到好处时迅速出钩,不可迟疑,若佇思稍息则神纵不坠矣,出钩时要力送到笔尖,钩要饱满,不可虚尖怯露。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyAQ2A2CWcA6cuIKkfWh5we"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"九、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"钩","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/80a91b61b91f4e9a87839ca75114c40f","width":713},"text":"","id":"doxcngge4EAI8kkUy6bEkT5v4Nd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmiIwkCYKkwmIeYyqtmkQ5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字的间架结构好坏,直接影响其美观、气质。硬笔书法独体字的书法结构较难掌握,需要注意整个字的整体美感、主笔、副笔的区分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4wOGUkiCUiUqCapAEhOwBD"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":488,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/97ebe6591c664a4285fb23b76e27daa2","width":701},"text":"","id":"doxcni4s6Quugm2SueOyzEpA8Tb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGwsC4Ic8uy6ayI3YoISCwb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKeIaiWWCkoGkcECC7vxMTH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔楷书点画的基本写法,轻轻的起笔,逐渐加力,停顿一下,再回峰。回峰对于硬笔来说,幅度不宜过大,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"往往只是一个动作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScuWeaIwMyCeOgjsZpNcoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"右点:下笔轻,由轻到中向右下行笔,稍按后即收笔,不能重描,一次成画。关键要有行笔过程,万不可笔尖一着纸就收笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOeWWC62IcGKs0A29iKXXfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":278,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26862a2fa2774e1caa83a4faeb7aa5cb","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcnK2emKuEIyOw0uQHPoQnFCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左点:起笔露锋,行笔的笔锋向左,边行边按,收笔藏锋。注意,收笔时向右回峰收笔,即藏锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6QSAO84mQw4OcNiUaBYfoT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":246,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/08806c29d669457c87cddfa4515fc97a","width":566},"text":"","id":"doxcn2CkqisawEyek2VpSpcuZjc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQq84oWwyguaueqXVeVPXSf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横画在汉字中起着横梁般的作用,它的长短变化则平衡整个汉字结构,因此,既要坚挺扎实,又要生动活泼。写横画不论长短,为适合人的视觉效果,都要写得左低右高,略带斜势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMeUsEaUAG6Q6eyhQso5fYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短横:写法是轻起笔,向右逐渐用力,最后轻顿笔回锋收笔,左低右高,左细右粗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2k6EUWwS2YauEwoWUi5Sdb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ecdb01449c0e40f884dcc8416c2515cf","width":631},"text":"","id":"doxcnSyiUy8gCa6O2KoAOVrOstg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长横:写时起笔作顿,然后向右上行笔,结束处顿笔回锋收笔。由于两头用笔重,行笔慢,中间用笔轻,行笔快,往往写出来的长横就是两头粗,中间细,中间平直的地方略带弧度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2wS6kuYGiKGuKbkYhLKBEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":342,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/645c92b640784d26b42a9ed318533be7","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnmieYKIYCcsICmss6RYsIGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmm8CCQoSQKskULLmrQ0f3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"垂露竖:起笔向右下方顿笔,向下垂直行笔,不宜过用力,收笔时,顿笔回峰。注意:回峰方向,要根据下一笔的位置来定回峰方向。短竖书写方法相同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYmmg6OaG04uEWIjclSlxyh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":363,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5486270862464d0f8f0149f049b86020","width":625},"text":"","id":"doxcnYWkSeqagO028UtoeWyuaId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"悬针竖:右下落笔,用力下按,转锋向下运行,力度由重到轻,根据字体大小,大概四分之三处提笔出锋。注意,根据要写的字的大小来判断竖笔的长短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC4ssYkUq08QeYlaNuV7e0b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":332,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed8e6f485f3d4538ad656c8eb216d421","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcniECsAG8AuQ4mg5vMFDQKmf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSAoEEeuyw8CQUxCb5MPtJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜撇,起笔稍顿笔,收笔处要出锋。行笔速度由慢到快,如小鸟俯冲路过水面。形状上“前直后弯”要注意倾斜角度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyQ8WkaMsk8ae4RqcLN8IOB"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":334,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/80a7a13ce0e34350b30de0f273a247d4","width":613},"text":"","id":"doxcngi006MegiqEqWwtALeNN9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖撇,书写方法同短撇,运笔稍长,方向先垂直向下,四分之三处提笔撇出收笔。注意:弧度的把控。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmi4AowOY8KMCErn8myqTed"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":336,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57cff53f025a45aa9f34c6446f23a65e","width":622},"text":"","id":"doxcneOWIEOq0cw0m6mZlxUJa9Q"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUeqOiwaKGcOGmSdAGB26re"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捺分为斜捺和平捺,书写方法相同,斜捺,下笔较轻(轻落笔),向右下由轻到重行笔,行至捺脚处重按笔,然后向右水平方向由重到轻提笔拖出,收笔要出尖。平捺,起笔向右运笔,相当于写一个小短横,再向右下方运笔,出尖前按笔向右出锋提笔,锋不宜太长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ckWi6cgOCyMKcMr4ifiEd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":190,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五、捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd6349ae5fdc4ab6bf874246cba364f3","width":490},"text":"","id":"doxcnOcQcgwMAGmskSqSHXxp9sc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔楷书的特点是:用笔有提顿、藏露、方圆、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"快慢等讲究;","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔画起收有序、笔笔分明、坚实有力、停而不断、直而不僵、流畅自然;结构上强调笔画和部首均衡分布、重心平稳、比例适当、字型端正、合乎规范。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6OQK4yg04As2N4vHmLLLf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEykY6kuiaKqEikN8AhqMPe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择合适的字帖临摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKyMYiia4iSM6ymSMkDzmsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练习小楷了,首先至少得准备一本小楷字帖。历史上的小楷名家如王羲之、钟繇、赵孟頫、文征明等,多不胜数,自己可以从网上查看这些名家的小楷作品,选择一本自己喜欢的字帖作为范本。好的范本选择很关键,古人讲:取法乎上得乎其中。所以我们建议选小楷字帖时最好选清代以前名家小楷范本。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMOkqU0qo0IW48RGfoC0NPe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":357,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选择合适的字帖临摹","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ba98694aca744f6c9588f18413389f8f","width":612},"text":"","id":"doxcnQYQa6isOi0o8ypLMYzfCUJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 文征明《摩诃般若波罗蜜多心经》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuUQqgQSEo8CswbTdIJcY3g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"从易到难坚持练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2sCu2oK2iiMAk9AxJQ54md"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方法:首先从《灵飞经》、《黄庭经》、《汲黯传》等名家小楷帖子入手比,因为是最历史上经典的,代表小楷的高峰,建议首先通临,找出规律,再从笔画精细出下工夫,然后是单个字关注结构,还有就是运笔初学恪守:指实掌虚,指死腕活。先守住这8个字,坚持一段时间再慢慢灵活用笔,达到死去活来的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKAUoscIOUQC0j34H6Z5XS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":854,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"从易到难坚持练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f2e6b7c83dcb4a77951536390812751d","width":730},"text":"","id":"doxcnMsgmSomYa46u8BCdZASPpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于初学者来说,好的书法工具无异于雪里送炭。可以帮助学习者更快的取得学习书法进步 ,对于有一定基础的书法爱好者来说则是锦上添花,更能发挥出应有的水平。所以悉心选择好自己心仪的法帖,选择好的毛笔,适合自己的纸质。这个过程本身就是一件","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"令人赏心悦目的快事!","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"再加上个人冬去春来,日积月累的坚持临习,就一定会练出有功底的漂亮小楷的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuMwwo0ee6qCm3Izx2A29g"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

5. jc-102温控说明书

行书,是一种书法统称,分为行楷和行草两种。在楷书的基础上发展,是介于楷书、草书之间的一种字体,是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。"行"是"行走"的意思,因此它不像草书那样潦草,也不像楷书那样端正。

行书特点

行书作为一种有别于其他字体的独立字体,自然在笔画形态、用笔方法、部首写法以及结构上都有其自身的一些特点。

行笔增速

行书的行笔增速是相对楷书而言的。行书在增速上,不仅表现在笔画与笔画出现牵丝映带、以圆转代替方折,还表现在笔顺的改变和以简代繁甚至借用草书的一些写法上等等。但是在书写时不能为了快而快,造成笔笔相连如蜘蛛网一样。

笔画线条多变

楷如立,行如走,行书的走体现在笔画的流动性而形成的动感上。起笔多以露锋起笔,笔画之间增加呼应等,下面仅从四个方便加以说明:

附笔连接

所谓附笔,就是一个字的原来笔画顺势而出现的附加笔画(比较细、比较虚)。如点、横画与下面的笔画衔接时,出现附钩;与上面的笔画衔接时出现附挑;长撇收笔处往往出现明显的起钩,看上去与“钩”没有什么不同,实际上是撇画的附钩。如图:

这些附钩、附挑与上笔、下笔连接的呼应关系极为明显,使笔画脉络相通,活泼流畅、动感十足。但要注意,这些附钩、附挑的出现,是行笔过程中起笔和收笔留下的自然痕迹,不可有意去描摹追求。否则会失去天然美。

以圆代方

行书的转折笔画,方笔明显减少,而以圆代替方折,这是由于行笔增快的原因。转折处省略了提按的顿笔,圆转而过,使笔画圆润自然。如图:

变直为弧

楷书要求横平竖直,而行书的横竖由于行笔增快,为了增强笔画之间的呼应关系,长横和长竖的写法有的稍带弧形。如图:

但不是所有的横、竖都作弧形,如中竖就要挺直,即便是稍带有弧形的笔画,也要有一定的力度,柔中见刚。

以简代繁

楷书的笔画各自独立,其笔画数目严格遵循汉字规范,一个字由几个笔画就写几个笔画。写行书时,为了书写简便,往往将相邻的笔画连写,合并线条,或对楷书的某些部位做了简化,减少起、收笔的次数。

楷书的钩画,在书写行书时,多省略了起钩。如图:

行书的基本笔画点画,可以代替横、竖、撇、捺笔画。如图:

行书的部首在楷书的基础上出现连笔,减少了笔画数,使书写更加方便。如图:

笔顺变化

行书的笔顺大部分遵循楷书笔顺规则,但为了连写便捷,一篇字中有时会出现一些人们习惯使用的行草书字形,有些字就改变了常规的笔画顺序。如图(楷书6笔,行书3笔):

体势变化

由于行书的笔画较之楷书发生了一些变化,其结果也随着带来了变化。大体有以下几种情况:

1、一个字有多种写法

如“是”字下半部分,“花”字的字头,写得有放有缩,同中有异,多样而统一,颇有趣味。如图:

2.打破楷书端庄方正的束缚,略带攲斜,自成新的体势

如横画可以较大幅度上斜,笔画的走向也可以略偏离原来楷书的轨道。这就在不同程度上改变了楷书的体势,使整篇字中的个体和群体都变得自由活泼了,避免了楷书的呆板。如图:

行书运笔技巧

笔画运行

硬笔行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。

所谓起笔,就是开始书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左为起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,等等。起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。例如:

提笔、按笔

硬笔行书的用笔也讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。如图:

翻笔、折笔

翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑。如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、“山”字的竖折,都是用这笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而有力。如图:

侧笔

侧笔主要取字的姿态,笔画的下笔处比较方折,显得刚劲有力。如“五、方”等字的长横,“永、广”等字的侧点,“志”字的中竖,“个”字的斜撇等,都是侧笔写成的。如图:

涩笔

涩笔,书写时故意放慢行笔速度,认为制造行笔阻力。目的在于强调线条的质感,多用于竖钩、竖弯钩等笔画。如图:

游笔

游笔似行云流水,用笔流畅、便捷,多用于钩画字的轮廓,以增加线条的流动。如图:

掠笔

掠笔也叫牵丝,书写时将笔轻提,一带而过。掠笔的作用是牵引笔画,加强上一笔画与下一笔画之间的联系。但要注意,掠笔使用要自然,不能笔笔都用牵丝或人为地去描摹。如图:

叠笔

叠笔,就是在原来的行笔路线上重返进行。这种方法,可以使局部笔画变得丰润。需要注意的是重叠的距离不能过长。如图:

行书笔画

基本笔画

笔画是构成字的基本要素,练习基本笔画是书写汉字的基本功训练。行书笔画是在楷书笔画的基础上增加速度和流动感,有时可直接使用楷法,有时增加牵丝,钩挑或弧形笔画。

1、带勾点是由点带出勾挑,如“不”字,目的是牵引下一字。写法是先顺势写长点,用笔要由轻而重、由左而右,勾时再用力顿一下,然后迅速向左下勾出。带勾点要有一定的弯势,不能生硬僵直;线条要遭劲流利,不能软弱迟疑。

2、带下点是指上下两点一笔带下,如“淤”(于)字。写法是落笔写上点,用力顿一下,再提笔写下点,最后再用力顿一下,迅速勾出。上点略侧,下点稍平,上下点之间,用一细细的牵丝相连。使上下连贯、粗细分明,有形态、有动势。

3、带右点是由左点带出右点,如“以”字。写法是用笔轻落重按先写左点,然后提笔写右点,略顿一下用力向右上趯出,趯勾要短小。写带右点时左点要大右点要小,如两点差不多大,就缺少变化。

4、合二点是指左右两点相呼相应,如“六”字。写法是轻落重按写左点,然后用力向右上勾出,再顺着勾势写右点,最后用力向左下撇出。合二点虽然中间没有牵丝相连,但要一气呵成,左点与右点之间应左高右低,遥相呼应。

1、下勾横是指横画下面带勾,如“然”字。“然”字下面本来是四点,现改写为一横画,是采用了草书写法。写法是落笔略顿,再向右写横,至末端用力折笔向左下勾出。

2、上挑横是指横画上面带挑,如“古”字。写法是在写好一横后,再用力一顿翻笔上挑而出.上挑横与下勾横不同处是末端收笔的方向不一样,前者上挑,后者下勾;上挑是为了顺势写上画,下勾是为了开启下笔。

1、悬针竖是指竖画下面尖尖的如针倒悬,如“半”字。写法是落笔略顿,接着由上而下、由重而轻写竖画。悬针竖要如针垂直端悬,不能东斜西倒。

2、垂露竖是指竖画下面不失如露水倒垂,如“申”字。写法是落笔略顿,接着由上而下写竖画,至末端再略顿一下,回锋收笔。垂露竖的两端用笔重而中间用笔轻,两端书写速度慢而中间书写速度快,竖中带挺呈曲势,如人挺立,显得精神饱满。

3、曲勾竖是指竖画下端带曲勾,如“抑”字。写法是写好一竖后,末端收笔时顺势向左下迅速勾出。曲勾竖的竖中略带曲势,并非一味地端直。

4、仰勾竖是指竖画下端带仰勾,如“隆”字。写法是落笔写竖画,至末端再用力向右上勾出。。仰勾竖与曲勾竖的差别是前者仰勾向上、由左而右,后者曲勾向下、由右而左;前者是承上笔,后者是启下画。

1、回锋撇是指撇画下端回锋向上,如“化”字。写法是落笔稍重,随着向左下写撇,至撇尾再回锋向上收笔。因为撇尾回锋收笔,并非出锋收笔。所以撇尾不失而圆。

2、挑脚撇是指撇画下端挑脚向上,如“今”字。写法与回锋撇同,只是收笔时挑脚而出呈勾状。一般说,回锋撇往往是撇后写竖,笔势角度小,挑脚撇往往是撇后写捺,笔势角度大。

3、斜撇斜撇是楷书写法,撇端尖尖的,如“余”字。写法是落笔稍重,然后逐渐提笔向左下撇出,撇时要轻灵不要迟疑,而且力要送到撇尖。

4、平撇平撇在字头,短小而平,如“重”字。写法是落笔重,略顿,随后提笔迅速撇出。平撇的形态有点象鸟啄,短小尖锐。

1、斜捺是指捺画斜而长,如“秦”字。斜捺在汉字中往往与斜撇相配,如同人的左右手。写法是顺着撇势轻落笔,略横行,接着转笔向右下方写。捺时要稍用力,随即向右平捺出。斜捺的形态是一波三折,故又称“波画”。

2、回锋捺是指斜捺的捺脚收笔处不是出锋而是回锋,如“天”字。写法与斜捺同,只是最后回锋收笔,露出下尖勾,目的是为了书写下一字。

3、反捺是从斜捺、回锋捺变化而来,如“木”字。写法是轻落笔,触纸后徐徐用力向右下行笔,然后用力向左下勾出。

4、圆曲捺是指游水捺的三弯处圆曲如环。写法是先落笔写一点,接着顺势写一竖,再提笔向右拐弯,然后回锋或藏锋收笔。写回曲捺要注意两点,一是拐弯要圆曲不能生硬,二是捺尾要圆浑不能尖利。

5、平捺在字的下面起托的作用,因比字头或字中的斜捺角度较小波画较平而名之,如“之”字。写法是回锋落笔,略横,随着向右下用笔,然后用力平平捺出。平捺与斜捺一样,形态是一波三折,有一种流动的势态。

6、挑勾捺是指平捺的捺脚上挑,如“超”字。写法是写好平捺后,捺脚不平出,而是顺势上挑成勾状,目的是为了便于写“走”字里面的部分。挑勾捺其实是在平捺快写后顺着笔势自然形成的一种写法,不可勉强为之。

1、短挑是挑画的一种,线条短小,如“地”字。短挑在行书中是承着其他点画书写而出,短小精锐,恰似一把短剑。写法是落笔后略顿,随即逐渐提笔用力挑出。

2、撇折挑是指撇和挑连写,如“福”字。写法是先写一撇,然后折笔用力向右上迅速挑出,撇折挑要注意折处,书写时点画务必交待清楚,不能含含糊糊,拖泥带水。

1、蟹爪勾是指竖勾屈曲似蟹爪,如“寺”字。写法是先写竖画,然后转笔向左行笔,再翻笔向上勾出。蟹爪勾是竖勾的变化写法,形态优美、线条雄健、气势酣畅。

2、戈勾即戈字勾,如“戊”字。写法是侧锋落笔,然后纵笔而下,勾时用力翻笔向上勾出。戈画平中带弧有韧劲,刚中含柔见纵势。

3、背抛勾是指从背面反抛勾出,如“夙”字。写法是顺势写上横画,拐弯时折笔而下,然后宛转提笔写下弯画,再翻笔向左上勾出。背抛勾转弯抹角处不能生硬有棱角,勾尖要向内,对着字心首画。

4、浮鹅勾因形同白鹅浮绿水而名,如“毛”字。写法是落笔稍重,接着用笔向下写直画,随即提笔拐弯写横,最后翻笔向上勾出。浮鹅勾要鹅头高昂,鹅身平正,方正中呈圆势,态度雍容大方,气宇轩昂不几。

5、回锋勾如同回锋捺是斜捺的快写形式一样,回锋勾是浮鹅勾的快写形式,如“也”字。写法是顺势写竖横圆曲折,然后翻笔由上绕一小圈向下勾出。回锋勾与浮鹅勾的不同处除了勾的形式和方向不一样外,是回锋勾的竖横向内圆曲而浮鹅勾的竖横向外开拓。向内圆曲的比较宛转流利,向外开拓的比较雄健挺拔。

1、横勾折是指横画加折勾,如“罪”字。写法是落笔先写横画,折时稍用力向左下方勾出。横勾折不仅要横与勾的笔画分明,而且转折要自然有力。

2、竖勾折是指竖画加折勾,如“问”字。写法是先写竖画,要心胸挺起,折时不妨笔略提起,再顿下去,然后迅速向左上勾出。

3、曲折在行书中用得很多,凡是撇捺连续快写都成曲折,如“根”字。写法是落笔写撇画,接着向右折笔,再随即向下勾。曲折形似闪电,富于动态。

4、撇捺折是撇捺的连写,但书写较工整,如“衣”字。写法是落笔稍重,再逐渐提笔写撇,然后回锋向右下方写反捺,即成。撇捺折在撇捺的交接处要连写,要有折的风味。

5、三弯折是指三弯折曲折成三弯,如“乃”字。写法是先落笔写横,再折笔写弯,接着顺势向下弯出。三弯折要折而有韧劲,弯曲自然舒展。

6、内勾折是由横撇折的外勾变为内勾,如“序”字。写法是写好横画后,接着翻笔写撇,撇要成内包势,随即趁势向右上勾出。

7、鹅勾折是浮鹅勾的快速简便写法,如“光”字。写法是依势落笔写短斜竖,随即折笔向右上勾出。鹅勾折的折处要圆润遒丽,用笔要流畅明净。

行书偏旁

行书偏旁一定要根据与其所搭配的单体的长短、肥瘦,大小不同而有所变化,不能千篇一律。此外,部首一定要与其所搭配的单体互相呼应。呼应的方法,或者借助于楷书用意连,或者借助于草书用形连。形连时要注意既要靠牵丝,又要靠笔势,过多地使用牵丝,如果形连势不能连,整个字仍是盘散沙。

食字旁

侧锋落笔写撇,随即回锋写横勾折,接着顺势写竖仰勾。整个食字旁线条清楚匀称,是一笔写成。

衣字旁

首点向左下带出一点以呼应下一笔,撇点用撇提代替,改变示字旁的书写顺序。

弓字旁

先落笔写横折,再翻笔写横折勾。弓字旁的弓须一气呵成,不能用两笔或三笔写成。

虫字旁

落笔写短斜竖,再顺势写横竖折,接着回锋写下横,然后翻笔向上写竖折挑,为了便于书写,行书虫字旁的一点往往省掉。

马字旁

落笔写出折勾,再回笔写竖横折勾,最后顺势写下横。下横一般写成挑画,以便书写右面点画。

页字旁

页字旁主要是在右部。其第一横要稍长,抗肩,中间用小撇画,不要太长,撇画的起笔位置稍靠左,第二个撇画的弯度较大一些,但不要写的太长,最后撇画带出小钩,呼应最后一点。

舌字旁

首先平撇要短,角度稍平,竖写短,横可稍长,但口字要写小。所以偏旁整体要小。

田字旁

田字旁也是写小,且整体稍向右上斜。

行书章法

行书是介于楷书和草书之间的书体,是日常生活书写中最常用最流行的书体。尤以钢笔行书为最。行书笔画、结构有一定的伸缩性,形态又多变化,丰富奇彩、意到笔随,可塑性大,利于发挥艺术效果,实用价值更是超过其它书体。一副得意之作,通篇结构,引领管带,首尾呼应,一气呵成,各尽意志,气适流动,起伏随势,巧布虚陈,寄情寓意,无不淋漓尽致,酣畅爽快,令人赏心悦目。这些都说明章法在行书创作中显得尤为重要。

章法特点

行书由于笔画、结构变化较大,形体各异,加之书写风格不同,因而即使同一字也会出现多种形态,有肥瘦、长短、方圆、雄浑、挺拨、俊秀等差别。正是这些差别,使行书作品千姿百态,异彩纷呈,构成了不同的气韵的章法。因此,行书的谋篇布局较楷书要灵活得多,具有如下特点:

笔势多取纵势

由于行书笔画活泼流动,笔画之间有牵纵行带,前字的末笔与后字的首笔连带密切,如取纵势,更显得如行云流水,气韵贯通,给人以一气呵成之势。

疏密变化自如

行书除笔画、结构有疏密变化外,在整体布局中通过改变字形的大小、长短、字态的肥瘦、俯仰,能自由地调整疏密位置与布白,达到疏密得当,布白奇妙的效果。

参差错落有致

行书不仅仅笔画、结体各部分及字与字之间有参差变化外,而且行与行之间及通篇亦有错落变化,这样,整体布局显得活泼灵动,妙趣横生。

行气直抒胸臆

由于行书书写速度较快,行笔之时情法于中、笔情交融,最能直接表达书者的情感,增加作品的感染力。

谋篇技巧

以动为主

楷书的章法以静为主要特征,给人以平和稳定、一丝不苟、不激不厉和端正严肃的感觉;行书章法则以动为主要特征,给人以生动飘逸和富有生命活力的感觉。

前人出书法要“师造化”,凡在现实生活中能见到的动作姿态,都可借鉴到行、草书中去,以增强行书作品的动感,丰富其内涵和底蕴。多欣赏和临写古今行书大家作品,也是培养书写动感的有效途径。我们不能用楷书的结体和章法来写行书,这样会使作品显得沉快无生气。

虽然行书强调动感,但并不是随意为之、不要法度,它仍要遵循一定的规律,以严谨求灵变,避免过于放纵。

以不齐求齐

楷书要求字的上下左右间隔匀称,排列整齐,以工整规范为美。行书则要求字形有大小,间隔有疏密排列,有错落变化,以局部的不整齐求得整体的平衡、稳定和齐整,以变化为美。一幅好的行书作品,初看起来一行一行排列得很整齐,行与行之间的距离也相等,一气呵成,浑然一体,气韵生动,但细看起来,我们不难发现,字与字并不对齐,有的偏左,有的偏右,左右动荡不写,行与行之间的距离也不相等,有的紧,有的松,没有定则,即所谓的“行书无写法”,需要我们多实践、多体会。

具有节奏变化

一幅好的行书作品,就象一首抒情的歌曲,时而婉转平和,时而高亢豪迈,时而如行云流水,时而如电闪雷鸣,几经曲折,波澜起伏。这些都是书者书写时情感的自然渲泄,这种渲泻是有节奏的,体现了行书作品的节奏美。

前后呼应

行书作品最注重首字,应静心写好文稿第一字,以统领全篇。要使行书的章法显得严谨而又富于变化,一定要注意前后呼应关系,要意在笔先,事先考虑好前后字的衔接问题。

书写姿势

坐姿

正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看,还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥,有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养,只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。

1、头部端正:头要居中,稍向前下方俯视,眼睛与纸面一尺距离,不可俯得太低,也不可左偏、右斜。

2、身直肩平:臀部平坐于椅子中间大部,不能扭向一边,两肩平齐,上身不弯曲,使上身重心安稳。

3、臂开胸舒:两臂自然开张,两肘平放桌面,保持一线,腹背挺直,胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离,使呼吸顺畅。

4、腿开足安:两腿分开,与肩同宽,自然下垂,内侧保持平行,两脚平放地上,使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势,才能使字写得端正,重心平衡。同时,正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。

握姿

执笔方法不正确,不但妨碍书写姿势,影响书写质量,还会给书写者身心健康带来危害,不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点,硬笔是三指执笔法,斜拿。

正确的执笔方法:

①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆(三指处于同一平面);

②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm(两指左右);

③所有指关节都向外弯;

④笔杆位于食指的根部(如下图)。

同时,还要做到:

①指实:拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量,处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上,将笔杆夹牢,松紧适度。

②掌虚:无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢,并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座,虚贴桌面。

③杆斜:笔杆向右后方倾斜,紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向,与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字,手指向前伸直,笔杆与纸面角度减小;书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩,笔杆与纸面角度大,宜于精離细琢。

工具

选笔

钢笔

钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位,较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。适合练字的钢笔,日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776,百乐78G,写乐21K等。

关于练习钢笔的选择,我们可以遵从以下原则:

(1)不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习;

(2)不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题;

(3)不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔,尽量做到成本控制,贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。

中性笔

中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点,是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中,日常生活中,大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。

推荐适合练字的中性笔

1、国产中性笔宝克PC-1168,这款笔无论从握持手感、出水流畅度、品控还是书写感受方面,都属于第一梯队的,一点也不比那些昂贵的进口中性笔差。

2、百乐P700和P500,其实就是0.7和0.5,笔感超级顺滑,而且出水不多不少,非常好写,这么出名是有原因的。可能看不出来,但0.5确实比0.7的更细。练字推荐用0.7,0.5的可以日常用。

中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则:

(1)书写流度,笔触顺骨,笔画饱满,墨色均匀;

(2)握笔舒适度,长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感;

(3)墨干燥速度,书写时不会被谱黑就行。

其他笔

除了钢笔和中性笔,其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多,最为常见的有铅笔,圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。

纸张

练习纸种类繁多,常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等,练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础,初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等,随着阶段的变化,练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助,达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序,不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。

重点:从脱离米字格到白纸,练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习,不属于完全转换状态。

另外,有以下几个点可以注意:

(1)当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题,建议换纸。

(2)不要使用线格过小的纸,选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。

(3)不要刻意追求“好”纸,硬笔行书的练习对纸的要求较低。

字帖

如果基础比较差,或者追求没那么高,可以从现代字帖练,比较容易上手。如果想追求书法或者有一定基础,那么就要多临摹古帖了。硬笔临摹古帖,初学以赵孟頫行楷《妙严寺》、《胆巴碑》过度,再以《赤壁赋》、《吴兴赋》入手,然后可以临文征明等二王一路的帖。或者直接以李邕《法华寺》入手。以上字帖,要下大功夫临摹,专注一本,长期熏修,悟到行书精髓,然后可以遍临诸家。

推荐字帖

1、田英章的字帖

田英章的硬笔字,刚中带柔,舒展洒脱。

以下是田英章老师的一些作品:

2、李放鸣字帖

李放鸣字的风格与田英章老师较为相近。其书法字帖因选材独特、版式新颖、印刷精美,被许多学校作为指定书法教材,在全国首届硬笔书法系列评比中获书家组“十佳字帖”奖,

以下是李放鸣老师的一些作品:

3、司马彦行书

司马彦的行书相当棒特别适合初学者临习,临他的字帖其优点是不容易走偏而且有利于将来的发展是国内目前少有的即有名气又有实力的书法家,他的行书字帖是国内许多院校硬笔行书的必修课。

书写注意的问题

钢笔行书的幅式有中堂条幅、条屏、对联、横幅、长卷、扇面等幅式。

钢笔行书函文的书写形式,也有竖写和横写两种方式。常用的排列方式,与楷书大体接近。一般用单线稿纸或无格纸书写较多,方格纸用得较少。

钢笔行书的落款,款文要用本体或行草书写,款文字形要小于正文,钤印的印章宁少勿多,1-2方足矣。印章的大小,应等于或略大于款文,但不得大于正文。钤印位置要与正文相呼应,起到活跃布局、平衡作品的作用。

(一)要以楷书为基础,在结构和用笔两方面练好扎实的基本功。行书的用笔和结构虽然较楷书有所变化,但还没有达到草书“解散楷体”的程度。因此,学习行书必须要具备一定的楷书基础。

(二)要重视临摹。行书虽然承袭楷书,但笔画、部首和结体都发生了一些规律性的变化。这些规律性的变化、写法,就要通过临摹去掌握,而不能随心所欲。

(三)不宜过分强调和滥用行书的用笔特点。前面讲了行书诸多特点,在书写中适当运用能给字增色,但如果过分追求和滥用某一方面的特点,就会走向反面。如,笔笔相连,就会造成圈眼密布而形同蛛网。

(四)学习行书宜从部首开始。行书在长期使用过程中形成了一些约定俗成的写法,熟悉和掌握这些部首的写法,就能了解行书的造形规律,收到举一反三之效。

坚持练字

当我们学习一项新技能,坚持这件事无疑是学习过程中最重要的事,也是最难做到的事,练字也是这样。

想要坚持就得有大的决心,然后培养出习惯,并且能体会到练字给自己带来的乐趣。在坚持的过程中,能够得到来自别人和自己的肯定。

所以,不妨列一个计划,树立一个可以达到的目标。前期的目标不能追求质的改变,需要做量的积累。例如,我要临写琴赋,我每周要认真的练10个字。我第一天可以通临一遍,我第三十天的时候再通临一遍。可以做一次比较。如果认真练,一个月,成果还是能激励到自己的。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书,是一种书法统称,分为行楷和行草两种。在楷书的基础上发展,是介于楷书、草书之间的一种字体,是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。\"行\"是\"行走\"的意思,因此它不像草书那样潦草,也不像楷书那样端正。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYooE6s02q6YwaIX4hu9uoh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmOEs00igwWECGZNmciYhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书作为一种有别于其他字体的独立字体,自然在笔画形态、用笔方法、部首写法以及结构上都有其自身的一些特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkAmU6qiK4i8Qv6BxHNrRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔增速","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw6GEi4esci8uQI1iR5Lh6N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的行笔增速是相对楷书而言的。行书在增速上,不仅表现在笔画与笔画出现牵丝映带、以圆转代替方折,还表现在笔顺的改变和以简代繁甚至借用草书的一些写法上等等。但是在书写时不能为了快而快,造成笔笔相连如蜘蛛网一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4A2qasEiuWUYkZ1dqB2YKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画线条多变","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAC0IEe8smUMWUNkE65pqFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷如立,行如走,行书的走体现在笔画的流动性而形成的动感上。起笔多以露锋起笔,笔画之间增加呼应等,下面仅从四个方便加以说明:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmo2EUA2QyQYQOpRuAKjWVN"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"附笔连接","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKO8U08cWWeECqYPIfYOYFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓附笔,就是一个字的原来笔画顺势而出现的附加笔画(比较细、比较虚)。如点、横画与下面的笔画衔接时,出现附钩;与上面的笔画衔接时出现附挑;长撇收笔处往往出现明显的起钩,看上去与“钩”没有什么不同,实际上是撇画的附钩。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng40Ayk4sOochdaUkUaDoRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":108,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"附笔连接","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/43efcea54da646f6a1d8588dd9acbb05","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcne4MYO0e0MSEOaqWW5DscEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这些附钩、附挑与上笔、下笔连接的呼应关系极为明显,使笔画脉络相通,活泼流畅、动感十足。但要注意,这些附钩、附挑的出现,是行笔过程中起笔和收笔留下的自然痕迹,不可有意去描摹追求。否则会失去天然美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQosAsCSGaCgIWgLBtZK6cf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆代方","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnke0eqiaMQIEkckKTrA1cjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的转折笔画,方笔明显减少,而以圆代替方折,这是由于行笔增快的原因。转折处省略了提按的顿笔,圆转而过,使笔画圆润自然。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIigaa6YeQ0cqQPyA7Bwrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆代方","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3df66880e13941ed8c28a0a9e89433cc","width":595},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw6iMMO06ssymyB1twoYmh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"变直为弧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00YcUQm8uSGQuGKq3NljJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书要求横平竖直,而行书的横竖由于行笔增快,为了增强笔画之间的呼应关系,长横和长竖的写法有的稍带弧形。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKskOi0sY4KGakHWIsQk3z"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"变直为弧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9e2e62322ec94f59a612fbba339eeec5","width":613},"text":"","id":"doxcnGqo4eSEKUUwSwTXTYrUHic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但不是所有的横、竖都作弧形,如中竖就要挺直,即便是稍带有弧形的笔画,也要有一定的力度,柔中见刚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYi0UGKweOYA4KkT58rn5T2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiaEmcsGagIm4OSsc9z8bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的笔画各自独立,其笔画数目严格遵循汉字规范,一个字由几个笔画就写几个笔画。写行书时,为了书写简便,往往将相邻的笔画连写,合并线条,或对楷书的某些部位做了简化,减少起、收笔的次数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQQsMgoM2A402yVHiHyPUv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的钩画,在书写行书时,多省略了起钩。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6eyqgoGoem08SsWngD7f3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":98,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5157921230054b6a804143ae8d7756e6","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6KygmS0QoOUwjHQ8geBXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的基本笔画点画,可以代替横、竖、撇、捺笔画。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYOkwSwUuW4YMRE6knAXNc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e5dfc7fa63741c0942da7d934e3acb5","width":610},"text":"","id":"doxcnaoEGQ0IMI62yuwFnncnP1u"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的部首在楷书的基础上出现连笔,减少了笔画数,使书写更加方便。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8CEO06kGaGiWK2FYjnhIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":131,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4eea97e5508746bfafdcbd6380762cc7","width":624},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOuGiIi2ySsEamQ4uXeCXe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔顺变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWYccUaQYoYwYVjno6mVFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的笔顺大部分遵循楷书笔顺规则,但为了连写便捷,一篇字中有时会出现一些人们习惯使用的行草书字形,有些字就改变了常规的笔画顺序。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如图","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"(楷书6笔,行书3笔):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYCYuqeCYaI683GEkwio1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":101,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔顺变化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c17aacf9e7d443d9af3e061371e27185","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcnYQsY0AQiQM60SIwbqdCQZe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8ekquqcSwW6gc1HfDZZy7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书的笔画较之楷书发生了一些变化,其结果也随着带来了变化。大体有以下几种情况:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcayiScyO4ksEpwQUWCpCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一个字有多种写法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SE0GGqO0UeUiIHM8D5oDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如“是”字下半部分,“花”字的字头,写得有放有缩,同中有异,多样而统一,颇有趣味。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEIYGeI42OG8QGOOxMNGnTd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6533086ba36547b8b87ccf77e41669a1","width":483},"text":"","id":"doxcnQyEiqUKeqUyo8LDxLzsHJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.打破楷书端庄方正的束缚,略带攲斜,自成新的体势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekuEeAGmUas0eW6kEGNm5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如横画可以较大幅度上斜,笔画的走向也可以略偏离原来楷书的轨道。这就在不同程度上改变了楷书的体势,使整篇字中的个体和群体都变得自由活泼了,避免了楷书的呆板。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIqUEEeswYSKAARJKgVX2Ff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4d239260d0e2409ca39134892ee5fd44","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6GK8OwqqoCqkpbuAXc8bg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书运笔技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn286meS28OAIS2SImTeo2kb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画运行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66mcsMAg8ME2uClYQvkzCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oiwWqqI0W6K0ceOnst56d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓起笔,就是开始书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左为起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,等等。起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。例如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngAEsqoQ4iqSyIt9czBdsYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":117,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画运行","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e5550fda0e724504b4a7cfabec85f9da","width":608},"text":"","id":"doxcnu0I8C6QSkQu6wC8uxXsIXY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKMO0aw0YYycCmpOuXS0uc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书的用笔也讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUQUQyqSI20yqa7sL7G9oS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb829dfa114342c1b1d120b82128d91a","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcnekasEsoeoe4mu0Nonrjcle"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwSKqK2EUKaIOcl4UC3Ewf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑。如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、“山”字的竖折,都是用这笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而有力。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyu6isAmOi4mGTUsHEOHMyl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1566e92225f47ac8128398586fefccf","width":604},"text":"","id":"doxcn8mko4OE4Isik4sE9kDYhOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUSKSkE6ecGYOyGakZ6Ece"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔主要取字的姿态,笔画的下笔处比较方折,显得刚劲有力。如“五、方”等字的长横,“永、广”等字的侧点,“志”字的中竖,“个”字的斜撇等,都是侧笔写成的。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnickAgMqO4cSeqQWjFp2fOb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa7f0a34b11e466daacfa620b13a675e","width":615},"text":"","id":"doxcniOQqoe8GSea4KwF9bGE8oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkieauKK2cIEyGYClkTTTT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔,书写时故意放慢行笔速度,认为制造行笔阻力。目的在于强调线条的质感,多用于竖钩、竖弯钩等笔画。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmuAC2coEcoyaMtuxgMHeg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/796b89d418b74d4fb95578b8d915c6f9","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcngyyMMII2u0YoQH0KHwRW9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"游笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncg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"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、悬针竖是指竖画下面尖尖的如针倒悬,如“半”字。写法是落笔略顿,接着由上而下、由重而轻写竖画。悬针竖要如针垂直端悬,不能东斜西倒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMGEuSO0UIEKwERGIXzMqXd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb48104f6dcb4251b37a602a9ae8a61c","width":116},"text":"","id":"doxcnSAy0YIQgoW8QkZfG88gPdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、垂露竖是指竖画下面不失如露水倒垂,如“申”字。写法是落笔略顿,接着由上而下写竖画,至末端再略顿一下,回锋收笔。垂露竖的两端用笔重而中间用笔轻,两端书写速度慢而中间书写速度快,竖中带挺呈曲势,如人挺立,显得精神饱满。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEMqY8OiweUaEwfryAYZwlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bd46d063791041759713fe5ebe89ebbc","width":115},"text":"","id":"doxcns6ooS2yy0UywOQZTPz5ypd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、曲勾竖是指竖画下端带曲勾,如“抑”字。写法是写好一竖后,末端收笔时顺势向左下迅速勾出。曲勾竖的竖中略带曲势,并非一味地端直。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWocOQWKQ6E8C23aBQquN0e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9366914ce194466188ab4e027d8395d6","width":116},"text":"","id":"doxcniCkCySYaogCMy8CgtzOdad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、仰勾竖是指竖画下端带仰勾,如“隆”字。写法是落笔写竖画,至末端再用力向右上勾出。。仰勾竖与曲勾竖的差别是前者仰勾向上、由左而右,后者曲勾向下、由右而左;前者是承上笔,后者是启下画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyaSKUuKC2KqK617H2GW7Pb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cec2d06716041579f604fabd587e68b","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnuse6KUEuUEUCcRJx1mLSfc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuQgYUGGYCWmu1xqsHOvdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、回锋撇是指撇画下端回锋向上,如“化”字。写法是落笔稍重,随着向左下写撇,至撇尾再回锋向上收笔。因为撇尾回锋收笔,并非出锋收笔。所以撇尾不失而圆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwSKsUSWqMCAAEpqutNwPhg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dbd2fd69962a4b97884cf9930efe819e","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnUq28SS4m06OaSONR4T0JOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、挑脚撇是指撇画下端挑脚向上,如“今”字。写法与回锋撇同,只是收笔时挑脚而出呈勾状。一般说,回锋撇往往是撇后写竖,笔势角度小,挑脚撇往往是撇后写捺,笔势角度大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIM4cMOeC4E0qoVwwpW0EBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":57,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7a7698feb2274116ab7c38562ead19e1","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnWCqy8UgkWqyGCUQT3Bah3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、斜撇斜撇是楷书写法,撇端尖尖的,如“余”字。写法是落笔稍重,然后逐渐提笔向左下撇出,撇时要轻灵不要迟疑,而且力要送到撇尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUkQgCIQmcASsrU1PSoWOg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2254d52a351348588d05afdff6ea3320","width":98},"text":"","id":"doxcnqWGEuY4uQUcABH3xLQVtIm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、平撇平撇在字头,短小而平,如“重”字。写法是落笔重,略顿,随后提笔迅速撇出。平撇的形态有点象鸟啄,短小尖锐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSAI4mCuscQM4AZkOe8sg7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f2b93fa157ad4e95ac4b30049f287bf3","width":102},"text":"","id":"doxcn4w2CiuQGqGIqSogyuvEIuc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn20memQssyuI0stjz1MXDUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、斜捺是指捺画斜而长,如“秦”字。斜捺在汉字中往往与斜撇相配,如同人的左右手。写法是顺着撇势轻落笔,略横行,接着转笔向右下方写。捺时要稍用力,随即向右平捺出。斜捺的形态是一波三折,故又称“波画”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8wcu6CoSyWUuC7luiH6Ef"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3930b2e9ca614eba99d5bb3354a3fbce","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnY2cuQQ2MYwSSecUkPVdJtd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、回锋捺是指斜捺的捺脚收笔处不是出锋而是回锋,如“天”字。写法与斜捺同,只是最后回锋收笔,露出下尖勾,目的是为了书写下一字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00Uo80MmSWQ8Yziod0jWig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/decdb32317d54cb59b0e9d3db41d8867","width":106},"text":"","id":"doxcnkWSUUAcqKsAcMHBwADjOIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、反捺是从斜捺、回锋捺变化而来,如“木”字。写法是轻落笔,触纸后徐徐用力向右下行笔,然后用力向左下勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyoUMMs0KMq4IQTiqai28Xd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a6e8d47b4d6644d58e08890a4cd2ebac","width":101},"text":"","id":"doxcnA48ssUU6AQCWmyJoiZstcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、圆曲捺是指游水捺的三弯处圆曲如环。写法是先落笔写一点,接着顺势写一竖,再提笔向右拐弯,然后回锋或藏锋收笔。写回曲捺要注意两点,一是拐弯要圆曲不能生硬,二是捺尾要圆浑不能尖利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0i8ywawgaaaU53p6qQ18b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0caa16393ccc4988b79c44a7197fed93","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnEGQK8oGi28I62ym38KMdWq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、平捺在字的下面起托的作用,因比字头或字中的斜捺角度较小波画较平而名之,如“之”字。写法是回锋落笔,略横,随着向右下用笔,然后用力平平捺出。平捺与斜捺一样,形态是一波三折,有一种流动的势态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEaGgmIScg4yMoL8sJt1IKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":56,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b3c13c69712402ba6bccbda7726d2d6","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnOgO002K2Eg8G4Vh3Vfwh2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、挑勾捺是指平捺的捺脚上挑,如“超”字。写法是写好平捺后,捺脚不平出,而是顺势上挑成勾状,目的是为了便于写“走”字里面的部分。挑勾捺其实是在平捺快写后顺着笔势自然形成的一种写法,不可勉强为之。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEOMgg68YwSouGkh1NHmCTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmIM0wg6Y4aIyaSGfbCqCJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、短挑是挑画的一种,线条短小,如“地”字。短挑在行书中是承着其他点画书写而出,短小精锐,恰似一把短剑。写法是落笔后略顿,随即逐渐提笔用力挑出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWGcM8GI8Q6qoF49kXcPld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":51,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/af679e94750045e3b77df45fa15d474b","width":100},"text":"","id":"doxcnW0uyq6IyKmmSy6PkudqHff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、撇折挑是指撇和挑连写,如“福”字。写法是先写一撇,然后折笔用力向右上迅速挑出,撇折挑要注意折处,书写时点画务必交待清楚,不能含含糊糊,拖泥带水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4g8sq2E6AkeOys9eLkHIke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":52,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/63751c0e22424addb80faf972a47db5b","width":103},"text":"","id":"doxcnuWCEyKWOuC6s8PV6hhl0pf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOYcgSEq8EmS4QX8PE1UFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、蟹爪勾是指竖勾屈曲似蟹爪,如“寺”字。写法是先写竖画,然后转笔向左行笔,再翻笔向上勾出。蟹爪勾是竖勾的变化写法,形态优美、线条雄健、气势酣畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqGwW8uucc4okquXfu1Iz6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e48cdc805554452b3e2ac528253094c","width":106},"text":"","id":"doxcnmcqwMCuSomAU2VO2H56Uje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、戈勾即戈字勾,如“戊”字。写法是侧锋落笔,然后纵笔而下,勾时用力翻笔向上勾出。戈画平中带弧有韧劲,刚中含柔见纵势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneIAEeiQsAisScv2zhC19Wd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/56309326ba27493fad395457ea90b9ff","width":109},"text":"","id":"doxcn2sWu6cSwoUQIagLJ0gXPHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、背抛勾是指从背面反抛勾出,如“夙”字。写法是顺势写上横画,拐弯时折笔而下,然后宛转提笔写下弯画,再翻笔向左上勾出。背抛勾转弯抹角处不能生硬有棱角,勾尖要向内,对着字心首画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneA6WGqWa08WcgtWYZlo7bc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":55,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ff9884f8c974e1d835c3be8a0a1b6d1","width":111},"text":"","id":"doxcni48aw2ygGaueEXTgi0fPkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、浮鹅勾因形同白鹅浮绿水而名,如“毛”字。写法是落笔稍重,接着用笔向下写直画,随即提笔拐弯写横,最后翻笔向上勾出。浮鹅勾要鹅头高昂,鹅身平正,方正中呈圆势,态度雍容大方,气宇轩昂不几。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KCauImwe6AiSEiYsnwzYg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e82bfa94f8304916b3f57fb04487a4f0","width":113},"text":"","id":"doxcnIgc2WYK2uWQ26BXelFJ3Ad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、回锋勾如同回锋捺是斜捺的快写形式一样,回锋勾是浮鹅勾的快写形式,如“也”字。写法是顺势写竖横圆曲折,然后翻笔由上绕一小圈向下勾出。回锋勾与浮鹅勾的不同处除了勾的形式和方向不一样外,是回锋勾的竖横向内圆曲而浮鹅勾的竖横向外开拓。向内圆曲的比较宛转流利,向外开拓的比较雄健挺拔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQs8iweaQK8e4EdPKOJQHdl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/551a5d92616b47d0bc9eda60761fbcdc","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcnyU04Y0i2acIuozMvyOzlSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQQ8s20aSK8ESahD9M899g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、横勾折是指横画加折勾,如“罪”字。写法是落笔先写横画,折时稍用力向左下方勾出。横勾折不仅要横与勾的笔画分明,而且转折要自然有力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWio8e02SYoAeQbaBlG2Hte"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":53,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f731cde47ed4e01957fd1269311c80d","width":112},"text":"","id":"doxcnwYkoSe6ayIw2cxjYtbxLrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、竖勾折是指竖画加折勾,如“问”字。写法是先写竖画,要心胸挺起,折时不妨笔略提起,再顿下去,然后迅速向左上勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQm4Eao4aqKKw0lLitNFtb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ef6123471314be4b6d26ffaa40d1fcd","width":119},"text":"","id":"doxcnKa66M4A8EQke6P0RkyQjSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、曲折在行书中用得很多,凡是撇捺连续快写都成曲折,如“根”字。写法是落笔写撇画,接着向右折笔,再随即向下勾。曲折形似闪电,富于动态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyOWY6g2UaA6MpQ8FUINvd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":60,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/98cc56e5e1474d4f92cac8ae5ac31822","width":116},"text":"","id":"doxcnCsOWsqOcGG8eOsNEpVaYtd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、撇捺折是撇捺的连写,但书写较工整,如“衣”字。写法是落笔稍重,再逐渐提笔写撇,然后回锋向右下方写反捺,即成。撇捺折在撇捺的交接处要连写,要有折的风味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWewKKSI4cCscYF1HaN4kGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23d0fd6cd3454680856bbaaa344f54b6","width":115},"text":"","id":"doxcnewcmg4qW6gEA0UaVVbOKre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、三弯折是指三弯折曲折成三弯,如“乃”字。写法是先落笔写横,再折笔写弯,接着顺势向下弯出。三弯折要折而有韧劲,弯曲自然舒展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6CKwao4cIOMERTrg1fhHq"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f24967e75c34cab99be55f76a86b512","width":111},"text":"","id":"doxcnoeyy2S4qewywgDcvyMUwSQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、内勾折是由横撇折的外勾变为内勾,如“序”字。写法是写好横画后,接着翻笔写撇,撇要成内包势,随即趁势向右上勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Ss2qCgGmKIyIBRbOunaWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a2f3cbac9487408ba0f39b08ac358220","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnGq0mgYMSAuiAk1UtlcrkIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、鹅勾折是浮鹅勾的快速简便写法,如“光”字。写法是依势落笔写短斜竖,随即折笔向右上勾出。鹅勾折的折处要圆润遒丽,用笔要流畅明净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcYuEAuYYAK2olswbP1IWg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6faf469fdfd94480a98e9a13f850bf1d","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcngKK2iS2mq28YKkCCgOrLEg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne4EC2w0iSQggQBLryTtseh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书偏旁一定要根据与其所搭配的单体的长短、肥瘦,大小不同而有所变化,不能千篇一律。此外,部首一定要与其所搭配的单体互相呼应。呼应的方法,或者借助于楷书用意连,或者借助于草书用形连。形连时要注意既要靠牵丝,又要靠笔势,过多地使用牵丝,如果形连势不能连,整个字仍是盘散沙。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSOOim2IA4aQigZNH3bjZ3b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwy2cmiKaaiiEOEDyjUgBld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋落笔写撇,随即回锋写横勾折,接着顺势写竖仰勾。整个食字旁线条清楚匀称,是一笔写成。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskckguQUkAiOaOq0mEPaZg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":170,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b7a138106c2648259dfc5139a6c53464","width":683},"text":"","id":"doxcn8sooCSyYuEuWmiJHQUlQjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weuAWyMEwOuaz7nBePYf7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首点向左下带出一点以呼应下一笔,撇点用撇提代替,改变示字旁的书写顺序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUi6ocKee4wEgxutajZ0ug"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":178,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0228c3b959664403988e2278d38e45d7","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnm044EWWyysAgKOz7kzuh0d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQoSaoCCQGSEouEqkI0Mt1V"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先落笔写横折,再翻笔写横折勾。弓字旁的弓须一气呵成,不能用两笔或三笔写成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYSu64sIuM8kEVA00RUYge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":143,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e7daa952ab245bb9421064c84c4df42","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnCI6m6QgMOu046KVUu1wVyf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"虫字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuIAKskk2k6eWMBytYHUIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔写短斜竖,再顺势写横竖折,接着回锋写下横,然后翻笔向上写竖折挑,为了便于书写,行书虫字旁的一点往往省掉。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyk6kqwCUqqEW2RwzZ4n3ih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"虫字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ce7d01b53893425f94091d1e7aa0525f","width":616},"text":"","id":"doxcnKQwUa42qiGgQ4XMINBjERg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqe6eOKia20mI1EpDYjbEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔写出折勾,再回笔写竖横折勾,最后顺势写下横。下横一般写成挑画,以便书写右面点画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaWIkyqaUog64IXUTVzmjpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":152,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ef33f00d92bc4c82b4b5e4d2db483403","width":637},"text":"","id":"doxcni42mMSs2E2AOuIVn5LBdR1"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYgAMQAkmUM8yMnjyyPcyJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁主要是在右部。其第一横要稍长,抗肩,中间用小撇画,不要太长,撇画的起笔位置稍靠左,第二个撇画的弯度较大一些,但不要写的太长,最后撇画带出小钩,呼应最后一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggWey8I8Qy2gp6EKTxTgrr"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da261ebd1ebb45b689a6af207648eb84","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnGe2wGsEeCkE4WS28zkaZdg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WCQaSSMQ6U40ePMyOCRZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先平撇要短,角度稍平,竖写短,横可稍长,但口字要写小。所以偏旁整体要小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw0QMekIIqY4MuoKDXqpNHg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":128,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7afe032f97a941b6824b5da0a76d0dcb","width":629},"text":"","id":"doxcnukqYqKcCWCqISWTs6rNoEd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwiy4wqSwuEEAg1BTDW8gvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁也是写小,且整体稍向右上斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQ6QCW62Acq0Ys0PILBIbS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":136,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/19d6720489ba498c9ae989be68a49c0d","width":614},"text":"","id":"doxcnU4AEwyO6UmKWnsuY5eX5Io"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0k2USuqGSugoCmR2YmrWAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书是介于楷书和草书之间的书体,是日常生活书写中最常用最流行的书体。尤以钢笔行书为最。行书笔画、结构有一定的伸缩性,形态又多变化,丰富奇彩、意到笔随,可塑性大,利于发挥艺术效果,实用价值更是超过其它书体。一副得意之作,通篇结构,引领管带,首尾呼应,一气呵成,各尽意志,气适流动,起伏随势,巧布虚陈,寄情寓意,无不淋漓尽致,酣畅爽快,令人赏心悦目。这些都说明章法在行书创作中显得尤为重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYWYK8W6Ky0U4I7p3ZGyLpe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnscaOkQmK2ym2uuacwmDWBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书由于笔画、结构变化较大,形体各异,加之书写风格不同,因而即使同一字也会出现多种形态,有肥瘦、长短、方圆、雄浑、挺拨、俊秀等差别。正是这些差别,使行书作品千姿百态,异彩纷呈,构成了不同的气韵的章法。因此,行书的谋篇布局较楷书要灵活得多,具有如下特点:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAOUUCUEQ82MNIa8dy6Jqr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔势多取纵势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnem6uwmIUgkUOCiIIHAVoEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书笔画活泼流动,笔画之间有牵纵行带,前字的末笔与后字的首笔连带密切,如取纵势,更显得如行云流水,气韵贯通,给人以一气呵成之势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncqai8YcC4qkEcJZZYp0wbf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"疏密变化自如","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe4IuQwQKco6ioVhPww3Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书除笔画、结构有疏密变化外,在整体布局中通过改变字形的大小、长短、字态的肥瘦、俯仰,能自由地调整疏密位置与布白,达到疏密得当,布白奇妙的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngI8I8iWY4ggEETpYW4TWKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"参差错落有致","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyY6McsoGiCAI49eIbJf1Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书不仅仅笔画、结体各部分及字与字之间有参差变化外,而且行与行之间及通篇亦有错落变化,这样,整体布局显得活泼灵动,妙趣横生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkQa262qAS4Y44kebdWNjlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行气直抒胸臆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEUW0aSwKqwioL7kGZZbih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书书写速度较快,行笔之时情法于中、笔情交融,最能直接表达书者的情感,增加作品的感染力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyKM0AU8QauAC89X8PETgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"谋篇技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8g2yw6YQisMUewcHsiCBnc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以动为主","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGCG264aiCOa62eig4dIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的章法以静为主要特征,给人以平和稳定、一丝不苟、不激不厉和端正严肃的感觉;行书章法则以动为主要特征,给人以生动飘逸和富有生命活力的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusII6oWAIeaeGO2l13qZgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前人出书法要“师造化”,凡在现实生活中能见到的动作姿态,都可借鉴到行、草书中去,以增强行书作品的动感,丰富其内涵和底蕴。多欣赏和临写古今行书大家作品,也是培养书写动感的有效途径。我们不能用楷书的结体和章法来写行书,这样会使作品显得沉快无生气。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaqOeS0KomkCcB90z1cpjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然行书强调动感,但并不是随意为之、不要法度,它仍要遵循一定的规律,以严谨求灵变,避免过于放纵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04CaAAAGGqYCkB74bKmj5e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以不齐求齐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYaAUqMyEqaoGolGrLFSLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书要求字的上下左右间隔匀称,排列整齐,以工整规范为美。行书则要求字形有大小,间隔有疏密排列,有错落变化,以局部的不整齐求得整体的平衡、稳定和齐整,以变化为美。一幅好的行书作品,初看起来一行一行排列得很整齐,行与行之间的距离也相等,一气呵成,浑然一体,气韵生动,但细看起来,我们不难发现,字与字并不对齐,有的偏左,有的偏右,左右动荡不写,行与行之间的距离也不相等,有的紧,有的松,没有定则,即所谓的“行书无写法”,需要我们多实践、多体会。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng0m6K4mIWIQuSTyRdR0iNC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"具有节奏变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mGoqc8CKiKuisjCYuI1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一幅好的行书作品,就象一首抒情的歌曲,时而婉转平和,时而高亢豪迈,时而如行云流水,时而如电闪雷鸣,几经曲折,波澜起伏。这些都是书者书写时情感的自然渲泄,这种渲泻是有节奏的,体现了行书作品的节奏美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk6oS4648y26OANLehr5Ayh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"前后呼应","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwCUi2miWAaOs9cTQCQNIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书作品最注重首字,应静心写好文稿第一字,以统领全篇。要使行书的章法显得严谨而又富于变化,一定要注意前后呼应关系,要意在笔先,事先考虑好前后字的衔接问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiUEOuykEcou6ls65je4Ec"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkIiu0qG4ISKEWEV29p0Lhe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4wuicC8u4woolgT0iFfKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看,还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥,有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养,只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMSswUI2WKAol2w4DioiKY"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":269,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fbd5ad40e5d48c08d8cdab066bba81e","width":249},"text":"","id":"doxcnqm2uCmw0owUUY5OWH2KzUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、头部端正:头要居中,稍向前下方俯视,眼睛与纸面一尺距离,不可俯得太低,也不可左偏、右斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAMQGGsCsMWSUpcK0JxSKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、身直肩平:臀部平坐于椅子中间大部,不能扭向一边,两肩平齐,上身不弯曲,使上身重心安稳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoUiYWyqyCYMED5LIMvyBoq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、臂开胸舒:两臂自然开张,两肘平放桌面,保持一线,腹背挺直,胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离,使呼吸顺畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0McKYqQOOsQU8lGajEQpze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、腿开足安:两腿分开,与肩同宽,自然下垂,内侧保持平行,两脚平放地上,使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势,才能使字写得端正,重心平衡。同时,正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwCCaoS8cUaUK4bwzdP1wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn484YCWuqYCgQKKJJq1SqBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔方法不正确,不但妨碍书写姿势,影响书写质量,还会给书写者身心健康带来危害,不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点,硬笔是三指执笔法,斜拿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkciww0WuyUa4iC5JCK6Ic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的执笔方法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8A4cGIEUOYy0GW13CkCCOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆(三指处于同一平面);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIywGmOiyoCcMgN2M7T7Nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm(两指左右);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2QIceAcSgKAWGKahaJm8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③所有指关节都向外弯;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuScKqwMEoSUcys1lP97bCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④笔杆位于食指的根部(如下图)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyke2coyo0M6eXj1qhSuNs"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/05e3c3ad2ab54d9db375da93042949a5","width":382},"text":"","id":"doxcne0eiCmM0cG4U6p3INPuCMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时,还要做到:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamykg6AwCq2Ac9h72enUCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①指实:拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量,处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上,将笔杆夹牢,松紧适度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweCWAUYiyGeg2TkOOdNbBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②掌虚:无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢,并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座,虚贴桌面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA02SkuSikAEiSOc82XnAC8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③杆斜:笔杆向右后方倾斜,紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向,与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字,手指向前伸直,笔杆与纸面角度减小;书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩,笔杆与纸面角度大,宜于精離细琢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EAes80guA0Gg9lxRjo0hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOk6mywusO2IOkN3g9fTK2c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOwM62Iy8uGU0alFfMMjUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaW8SwyIoEouaOmyhAUNVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位,较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。适合练字的钢笔,日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776,百乐78G,写乐21K等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUmI4aIokKw6cbKMEuVWDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于练习钢笔的选择,我们可以遵从以下原则:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06GiYsWC4mq00ovgwEGzRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO2UQEqWkuQuQCIEGKZsrbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ42AKQqyYg6I8hGOKSkeOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔,尽量做到成本控制,贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni404gSg2e6WyMPg2b2F9Bb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":266,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ebd402ad33cc481485f01a3f2966ad1c","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcn4uY6IYu2ICIw3EuOMlrjFG"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmwuQmOGuS042gvVP3Id6ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点,是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中,日常生活中,大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OGuOsYGGC6iqaredoyuJY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐适合练字的中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOmKaemOqcccEVs5KJ77Gg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、国产中性笔宝克PC-1168,这款笔无论从握持手感、出水流畅度、品控还是书写感受方面,都属于第一梯队的,一点也不比那些昂贵的进口中性笔差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqEukCgewS60EcX2tvmYDVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、百乐P700和P500,其实就是0.7和0.5,笔感超级顺滑,而且出水不多不少,非常好写,这么出名是有原因的。可能看不出来,但0.5确实比0.7的更细。练字推荐用0.7,0.5的可以日常用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUek84A6OCEgOCw5UNMUhJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkkICQqo6Cm88u7WuiDWz7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)书写流度,笔触顺骨,笔画饱满,墨色均匀;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKe4siIGgSEsaaELXNWpi1H"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)握笔舒适度,长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqUMSieS8gsAqyBuq40XIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)墨干燥速度,书写时不会被谱黑就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyCssSI00Wq2cFm5hjXT7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4dcba69431cf4cfa84922b64689b0d19","width":300},"text":"","id":"doxcnY8SCicMsOOis8J3zWX7Htb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQ2s0gw8CIyYquSaWHLhKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了钢笔和中性笔,其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多,最为常见的有铅笔,圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe2muKE6CeU2kfO5ezrUxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":220,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fb01c055f3c43c5b57a686afdac141d","width":220},"text":"","id":"doxcn084Uwumk8C8U068kJ9qbIg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGqquMwA8CQYG2DKdolh3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习纸种类繁多,常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等,练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础,初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等,随着阶段的变化,练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助,达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序,不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS60ocSugMSWegNnbUyHQ2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重点:从脱离米字格到白纸,练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习,不属于完全转换状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosQSwUYCgq66QJHLq094Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外,有以下几个点可以注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSugi6IWWKMKSWd3Ibp7GtZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题,建议换纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOOW42wEyY6EKcEt3OKSBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)不要使用线格过小的纸,选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQoU4AWmY4YmWMBLwAw1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不要刻意追求“好”纸,硬笔行书的练习对纸的要求较低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UIMuwA4KiKQk95m4tnAMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1185,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9ddde4faa66f429dbd515d279930c598","width":790},"text":"","id":"doxcnqkWu80g8O6mAQr6qkPMw7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUASa6Y2KiSaSSutOmuSNyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果基础比较差,或者追求没那么高,可以从现代字帖练,比较容易上手。如果想追求书法或者有一定基础,那么就要多临摹古帖了。硬笔临摹古帖,初学以赵孟頫行楷《妙严寺》、《胆巴碑》过度,再以《赤壁赋》、《吴兴赋》入手,然后可以临文征明等二王一路的帖。或者直接以李邕《法华寺》入手。以上字帖,要下大功夫临摹,专注一本,长期熏修,悟到行书精髓,然后可以遍临诸家。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucQUMwau2sCUwfnACIbDgg"},{"type":"head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hildren":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQKUWsAU0AOI2Wg9VerpJWf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
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