沈阳jp42型高喷消防车(jp56型高喷消防车)

1. jp56型高喷消防车

剪映是一款手机视频编辑工具，带有全面的剪辑功能，支持变速，有多样滤镜和美颜的效果，有丰富的曲库资源。自2021年2月起，剪映支持在手机移动端、Pad端、Mac电脑、Windows电脑全终端使用。

导入视频

打开剪映，点击创作，选择视频或图片，点击添加到项目，进入到编辑界面。

界面介绍

进入到编辑界面后，我们可以看到好多区域，分别为：预览区域，时间线区域，工具栏区域。

预览区域

分辨率

一般的剪辑手机视频，高清格式选择1080P或者720P都可以。

4K：高清的要死的那种，一般很少用到。

2K：高清的不行的那种，一般也不用。

1080P：人们所说的全高清，使用较多，一般意义上的高清的泛称。

720P：所谓的高清视频，高清的代理人，画质高清，运算更快，占盘更小。

480P：标清格式，之前电视视频的标准规范，现在很少用到了。

帧率

对于一般手机视频制作来说24～30都是可行的，帧速率越大，视频的内存也就越大。

一帧就是一张照片，视频就是由非常多的帧组成的。小时候经常在书本的右下角画一些人物，把书本合起来压着一个角翻页就形成一个动画，那么每一页就是一帧。帧速率是每秒翻多少页的意思，比如25帧就代表每秒钟翻25页。帧速率从24帧到60帧不等，越高越流畅，反之越卡顿，但高帧率也带来设备运行的高负荷，帧率一般24～30最常用。

放大

点击预览区域右下角放大图标，则可全屏预览视频，反之即可返回。

缩放和移动

进入编辑界面后，点击视频轨道，在预览区域，我们可以直接用俩个手指，在视频画面上进行放大，缩小和旋转，我们可以针对我们的需求，将视频画面自由移动到想要的位置。

时间线区域

时长调整

拖动时间轴，可以进行左右滑动播放。

点击视频轴，拖动尾部，即可缩短或拉长视频时长。（同理拖动开头也可以进行调整）。

点击音乐轴，拖动开头或者尾部可以调整音乐时长。

文字/贴纸/特效等素材也可以通过以上方式进行时长调整。

多轨道介绍

进入视频界面，视频所在轨道为视频轨道，以此类推，音频、特效、文本、贴纸都有对应的轨道。

音频、文本、贴纸可以同时拥有多条轨道，从而实现同时添加多条音乐和多种文本，各种贴纸的效果。

注意：特效轨道只有一条，不能叠加。

静音

进入编辑界面，在时间线区域，点击喇叭图标，关闭原声，可以把整段视频都静音了。

工具栏区域

静音

如果想要单独静音一段视频，点出二级工具栏之后，点击想要静音的一段视频，选择工具栏的音量，将音量调整为0，这样那段视频就可以静音了。

分割

进入视频编辑界面后，点击视频，下方出现二级工具栏，拖动视频，把想要分割的位置对齐白色指针，选择工具栏的分割，这个视频就被分割成两个片段了，我们可以针对两个片段来进行编辑。

注意：分割后的视频是可以前后调换顺序的，拖动向前向后放。

添加音乐

由于版权的限制，"剪映”APP并没有提供添加本地音频文件的功能，用户只能使用平台自带的音乐库添加音乐。也可以找公共领域音乐（著作权法规定作者过世50年后其作品不受版权保护，不过这种音乐最早也是50年前的估计不一定好用）或者CC0协议的音乐（CC协议即知识共享协议，CC0即代表作者自愿放弃作品财产权利，可以任意使用）。

点击视频，下方出现二级工具栏，选择音乐，四种添加方法如下：

1、出现音乐库，推荐音乐，可根据喜欢的类别选择音乐。

2、选择抖音收藏，登陆后可同步你在抖音收藏的音乐。

3、选择导入音乐，可复制其他音乐平台的音乐链接比如网易云音乐、qq音乐等，粘贴后导入即可。

4、提取视频中的音乐，比如在抖音下载了一个视频，下载后，点击提取音乐，选择视频导入，即可提取到音乐。

剪映制作效果

动画效果

导入视频之后，点击视频，选择二级工具栏，拖动并选中视频，选择工具栏中的动画添加向右甩入动画，根据需要调节的动画时长调节，就可以添加上动画了。

定格效果

进入创作界面后，点击视频，点开二级工具栏，拖动视频，把想要定格的位置对齐白色指针，选择下方工具栏的定格，这样就定格出一段视频。

出现效果：

转场效果

首先导入素材（最少导入2段素材），素材之间可添加转场效果。

在时间线区域，点击白色按钮，选择不同风格的转场特效，有基础转场、运镜转场、特效转场、和特殊转场。

每一个转场的时长均可调节。

成品：

画中画效果

进入编辑界面后，点击一级工具栏里的画中画。

选择新增画中画就可以在新的轨道里添加新的视频或图片。

画中画的素材可以任意移动和缩放。

上下分屏的视频可以使用画中画功能，只要把视频，移到上下一半的位置就可以了。

混合画中画

先看成品：

制作方法：

使用画中画的混合模式，导入一段下雪的素材。

点击画中画视频，出现二级工具栏 ，点击混合模式。

选择滤色就可以把素材的黑色背景去掉，留下想要的特效，就可以了。

音效效果

点击音频，出现二级工具栏，选择音效，会出现剪辑常用的音效库，点击使用就可以添加了。

卡点效果

进入界面后，选择音乐，在音乐库中选择一首适合卡点的音乐。

点击音频轨道，在下方二级工具栏里选择踩点，打开自动踩点，节奏会自动打在音频轨道上，可以选择不同踩节拍的模式。

自动踩点功能只适用于音乐库里的音乐和抖音收藏里的音乐，其他来源的音频，需要用户自己手动卡点，和直接选择踩点。

注意：根据音乐的鼓点，手动添加点就可以了。

拍同款

点击工具栏下方的剪同款。

进入界面后，可以看到不同分类的视频模板，选择一个你 喜欢的模板。

选择后，可预览模板视频，然后点击剪同款。

进去之后按照要求添加视频或图片，添加完成后点击进行下一步。

进入预览视频界面，如果想要替换某个片段，选中片段后，点击编辑。

点击替换，重新选择素材即可（文本也同理）。

编辑好之后，点击右上方的导出，就可以了。

成品：

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，点击混合模式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYawu4Q0ASeA6O8cnL1LLig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"混合画中画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ab131aa0fed84b90acfae4deb9dae16d","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnYYGoyQqGiwOO0i7EVQ3AJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择滤色就可以把素材的黑色背景去掉，留下想要的特效，就可以了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq48m4IG0Yqq2Y1zelqWEfb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"混合画中画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eee8aa004d66451aadb9062ff607bff3","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn0IoUKucmQQccukIJPThD3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音效效果","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwEWMOAKWIAWkemPIUEWOag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击音频，出现二级工具栏，选择音效，会出现剪辑常用的音效库，点击使用就可以添加了。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMUcameCmeKcmCts9qLRcf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音效效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1a116c5a415a45efac976f33bb509de2","width":896},"text":"","id":"doxcnw2Usc8k0e4mUGghfNo30De"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"卡点效果","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWk26iOGgmEqSeWtPHBWLte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进入界面后，选择音乐，在音乐库中选择一首适合卡点的音乐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne2eyy8aSUYqA4zCZDCAOuf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":694,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卡点效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/59ccca8ddaa84fd2bb197372ce43c903","width":982},"text":"","id":"doxcnGekgi8G4SEy2EPPJSpsrme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击音频轨道，在下方二级工具栏里选择踩点，打开自动踩点，节奏会自动打在音频轨道上，可以选择不同踩节拍的模式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSmk8CkqwciMkeKF5btccKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卡点效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c97a255ae52c465fa95448b56e184d5c","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn8simIMQ2qEgoAlHcHPZ05d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自动踩点功能只适用于音乐库里的音乐和抖音收藏里的音乐，其他来源的音频，需要用户自己手动卡点，和直接选择踩点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWqIsSwI6AQCIq6LuQOuzyb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卡点效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f3df04cafad8426e943c855b9e003ed1","width":898},"text":"","id":"doxcn4kmiWUcseoMeaYV13XPTre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：根据音乐的鼓点，手动添加点就可以了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEaGgw60acYqI0zYt8Ilaw3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卡点效果","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/64fb9d95ba4746129a792368a4e9216b","width":896},"text":"","id":"doxcnyk4Ka0qc2W46WCKNJa374g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拍同款","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngWqUu8eWCyAgs3LxQKcxBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击工具栏下方的剪同款。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmgWgmkmOE4iyYpTlUgRf1d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拍同款","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5703768c826a462a94fbd39f68061f6c","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn00QgMOiwI4SOTEfen6L4GQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进入界面后，可以看到不同分类的视频模板，选择一个你 喜欢的模板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKw2GCAQO8gKGyOGH1EN5bh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拍同款","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9704b28b3e26482ca019794490731ed1","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn2u0wiQs00WUeUrangSeoRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择后，可预览模板视频，然后点击剪同款。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0oGwCeI0imEk7h4q2c94e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拍同款","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a4c12f8bfea467d87373035a05fbc4c","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnGW8aICoogyWscFVvZRJWVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进去之后按照要求添加视频或图片，添加完成后点击进行下一步。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGGS6ie84m4EIq7iTufQQdb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拍同款","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/91547aec501a4ac2a1f04d84f9d7e92c","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnMuuga4GUki2wyg35lP12fh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进入预览视频界面，如果想要替换某个片段，选中片段后，点击编辑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksOkCSQm2uyw2HrtPOCcih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拍同款","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c6853615c7d845269e668330083bc29b","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcneyMwwkqWsUeA2tlsWyJZ1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击替换，重新选择素材即可（文本也同理）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Q8sWiWcowICMZARGGxPBd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拍同款","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67de1ead7e5a4f8dac56ffccf807ab61","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnauUi8ACwiaMIOautvsD8id"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑好之后，点击右上方的导出，就可以了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI0SMeSqMe4eeMlcfF34VPf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拍同款","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/884ab79ccf3b4818b23c808186a0064f","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnm260WEKQOyUISYQkRrioOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"成品：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk2agYmiAQOuQSYodDUbAZe"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

2. jp72消防车

吉他是一种弹拨乐器，通常有六条弦，形状与提琴相似。吉他在流行音乐、摇滚音乐、蓝调、民歌、佛朗明哥中，常被视为主要乐器。与小提琴、钢琴并列为世界著名三大乐器。

吉他的分类

吉他（意大利语：Chitarra），又译六弦琴。其面板与背板都是平的，琴腰部一般无角而往里凹，古典吉他一般无凹陷。琴颈很宽，长，指板上有弦枕并装有很多窄而稍向上凸起的金属制的横格，称之为“品”，它把琴弦划分为许多半音。

吉他品位的划分是：吉他的品位就是从琴头往音孔方向数的格数，比如第1格叫1品，第2格叫2品，以此类推。

学习吉他，首先要选一款吉他，常用的吉他大致分为民谣吉他、古典吉他和电吉他，要根据自己的喜好选择一种类型。

民谣吉他

民谣吉他是吉他家族中最“平民化”的成员，演奏的人员最多。

民谣吉他可细分为Acoustic guitar(圆角琴)和Cutaway(缺角琴)，前者适合演奏和弦，后者适合演奏高把位Solo。民谣吉他琴颈比较细，上指扳宽42mm，从弦枕到琴身共14个品格，琴箱上有一个月牙形的护板，使用钢丝弦演奏。吉他家族中最“平民化”的成员。在指板上由弦枕到琴柄与琴箱结合处是14品格，指板较窄，使用钢弦，琴尾有背带钉，面板上一般有护板，可用指甲或拨片弹奏。民谣吉他音色圆润亮透，音质深淳厚，演奏姿势比较自由，主要用于给歌唱者伴奏，适用于乡村、民谣及现代音乐，演奏形式较为轻松、随意。草根味比较重，是众多吉他中最平民的一种。

古典吉他

古典吉他也是吉他家族成员，和竖琴、鲁特琴等同属古典式弦琴大类。在指板上由弦枕到琴柄与琴箱结合处是12品格，指板较宽，使用尼龙弦，音质纯厚，音色丰富，没有防护板。主要用于演奏古典乐曲，从演奏姿势到手指触弦都有严格要求，技巧精深，是吉他家族中艺术性最高，最具代表意义，适应面最广，最有深度，最受艺术界肯定的一类。古典吉他是一种根据200多年前式样成型的以尼龙弦(100年前为羊肠)发声的乐器。古典吉他的构造与其他乐器(民谣吉他、电吉他等)有明显不同；古典吉他以独奏为主、兼顾一定量的重奏、协奏等；手指直接弹奏并结合各种特殊演奏技巧；从音乐的表现来讲：古典吉他以演奏古典乐为主，兼顾一定量的现代经典乐曲。细腻而多变的音色，丰富的多声部和声演奏能力，对不同时期、不同风格不同民族的音乐都能诠释自如。

电吉他

电吉他是现代科学技术的产物，从外型到音响都与传统的吉他有着明显的差别。琴体使用新硬木制成，配有音量、音高调节器(琴钮)以及颤音结构(摇杆)等装置。配合效果器的使用，电吉他有很强的表现力，在现代音乐中有很重要的位置。现在多用于歌曲伴奏。

吉他调弦

任何乐器使用之前都要保证音准，吉他则是通过调弦来实现的。扭动琴头的旋钮可以控制琴弦的张力，配合调音器或者调音软件可以方便准确的将琴调准。

调弦标准音

吉他调弦标准音、从低音六弦开始到高音一弦定音规定如下： E 第六弦 E2 82.41HZ A 第五弦 A2 110HZ D 第四弦 D3 146.83HZ G 第三弦 G3 196HZ B 第二弦 B3 246.94HZ E第一弦 E4 329.63HZ

首先音名，CDEFGAB，这个就是用来记固定音高的符号，也就是无论它在哪个乐器上，音高就是固定的，所以，我们会看到，有些吉他音名分布图上，都是用字母来表示的，只不过，很少用小字，只用大字，但你只要理解这个音名固定的音高就行了，这就是音名。

音名是固定的音高，理解这个后，那么唱名和简谱就是相对的音高。也就是说音名在吉他是固定的，它的音高已经固定了，但唱名和简谱的音高，就跟调试有关系了，调高，唱的高度就不一样，调低，唱的音就相对低了。

比如：在C大调里，C唱哆，用1表示，与吉他上五弦三品的音一样高，但如果换成G调了，C在这里就唱发，用4表示，音高还是固定在五弦三品那里，只是在G调里唱成发了，用简谱4表示。

也就是说，如果你看到谱子左上角，有个字母C＝1，这时，表示C唱哆，是C大调，以C为哆来记谱唱音高，那么在这种情况下，D唱来，E唱咪，F唱发，G唱嗦，A唱拉，B唱稀，简谱还是按1234567来记，但如果写着G＝1，这就表示G唱成1，以G为基准唱成哆，这时，音就相对高了，G调的来2，就是吉他上的A，咪3就是B，发4就是C，索5就是D，拉6就是E，F升4#就是稀。所以，你看到没，唱名简谱跟调的高低有关，所以，音高是相对的，不同的调，唱的高度不同，吉他品位也不同，是相对的。

调音方法

1.五弦定音法

打开手机随便拨打一个电话会出现嘟嘟的声音。按住6弦的5品并弹奏，使弹奏音与嘟音相同，此为标准音。完成了标准音的校准以后就可以开始下一步了 。同样是按住6弦5品，并同时弹奏6弦和5弦，仔细听音高是否相同，如果不相同分别弹奏6弦和5弦，确认音高了还是低了，并使用琴头的旋钮调节。

接着按住5弦5品。音名为D，此音和四弦空弦同音。据此调好4弦。

按上图的规律用刚才说的方法以此类推，调好余下的弦音。

2.用电子调音器

此方法直观简便，就是需要去购买一个电子调音器，按前面第一点说的规律。用电子调音器夹住琴头，然后拨第六弦。调音器显示如下图左上为E就调好了。 下图中的E A D B E都是调好的正常显示绿色。 只有第三弦G显示红色，还没完全调好，需要微调一下。 如果弦松了，没调好，指针会在左边。需要紧一下。 如果弦调紧了，指针在右边。需要松一下。一直到指针在中间变成绿色的E就正确了。 其它各弦按 E A D G B E 从低音到高音顺序，用上面方法调好就行。

3.手机软件调音

目前最实用不花钱的方法，就是手机上下载一个调音软件。方法同上面一样。就是用调音软件调弦。 手机调音软件有专用吉他的，也有音乐通用的。我这里用的是通用的。专用的吉他调音软件现在需要会员。

拨弦和扫弦

我们都知道，弹吉他时，左右手分工不同，左手是负责按出音阶或和弦，右手则是弹奏，右手在弹奏过程中，各个手指的分工也不同，大拇指负责6、5、4弦，食指负责3弦，中指负责2弦，无名指负责1弦，小指可以抵住面板作为加固稳定。

练习方式

根据手指离开琴弦的方向我们可以将拨弦分为两种方法

靠弦拨法和勾弦拨法：

靠弦拨法：手指拨弦后，顺势停靠在下一根相临的弦上，比如拔完6弦后顺势靠在5弦上。

勾弦拨法：手指拨弦后，稍微向手心方向勾起，然后自然停在空中，而不是停靠在相临的弦上。 在吉他演奏中，勾弦拨法方法使用得最多，因为动作比较灵活，多用于演奏分解和弦。

这两种练习中都要加上大拇指参与练习，练习中，靠弦和钩弦可以结合一起练习，互相切换，掌握拨弦力度准确性和灵活性。 3.分解和弦练习

分解和弦练习其实在初学阶段非常重要的，你在练习的时候，手指要并拢，大拇指伸出其他三指的位置，根据节奏顺序，手指轮流去拨弦分解，节奏可以是先中速，再慢速，再快速。 轮指是比较难练的技巧，但想拥有一手流畅华丽又均匀快速的轮指，要下一番苦功。

4.扫弦练习

很多人认为扫弦比拨弦容易多了，真的是这样吗？扫弦并不是靠蛮力去扫，而是要用到你的手腕，扫弦时不需要挥动整只手腕手臂，只要转动你的手腕用巧力去扫。 下面介绍几种常见的扫弦方式：

a.大拇指扫弦：手指自然伸展，略呈弧形，所有反弦动作都用大拇指完成，这种手法扫弦声音丰满，整体性好，缺点是一来一回音色不够统一且亮度较差。 b.拇指与食指交叉成“十字”，其余手指呈飞鸟状伸开（自然并拢也可），下击时用食指指甲背，上击时用拇指指甲背。 这种扫弦声音清脆明亮、音色统一，缺点是声音略显单薄。

c.拨片 拨片又称拨子· 用于演奏阮、柳琴、吉他等乐器。一般由尼龙或者赛璐珞制成，价格也因材料不同而有所差异，一般赛璐珞的拨子在4-10元，而尼龙的拨子有的则高达百元。

拨片的持法：

拨片的持法其实因人而异，没有什么固定的姿势。一般会选择放在右手食指第一关节外侧，然后拇指以一定的角度轻松自然的按住整体拨片的三分之二或大部分，但不要捏的太紧，保持一定的自由度。

学习乐理知识

当练习到一定阶段后，就需要进一步学习乐理知识了，懂了乐理能够更好的帮助你理解和弦、调式、节奏等，还能够尝试给歌曲填和弦。

小节、小节线、复纵线与终止线

(1)小节：两条相邻的竖线之间的部分，称为小节。

(2)小节线：划分小节的竖线叫做小节线。

(3)复纵线：在乐曲中用以划分段落的、由两条细竖线构成的线，叫做复纵线。

(4)终止线：记在乐曲结束处的、一细一粗的两条平行竖线，叫做终止线。表示全曲的终止。

节拍、拍子与拍号

(1)节拍

乐曲中强(重音)弱(非重音)音有规律的反复，叫做节拍。节拍是用强弱关系来组织音乐的，节拍中的每个单位，叫做单位拍。

有重音的单位叫做强拍，非重音的单位叫做弱拍。

强弱 强弱 强弱弱 强弱弱 ●o ●o ●o o ●o O (●表示强、o表示弱、O 表示次弱)

注意：小节中的第一拍通常为强拍，若再有强拍则为次强拍。

(2)拍子

在音乐中，将单位拍用固定的音符(如二分音符、四分音符、八分音符)来代表， 叫做拍子。如可以以二分音符为一拍，也可以以四分音符为一拍，或以八分音符为一拍等。拍子是用分数来标记的。

(3)拍号

表示拍子的记号叫做拍号。如2/4、3/4、4/4等。

拍号用分数形式标记，分子(横线上方的数字)表示每小节的单位拍数，分母(横 线下方的数字)表示单位拍的音符时值。如差拍子表示以四分音符为一拍，每小节有四拍;主拍子表示以四分音符为一拍，每小节有三拍。

读拍号时应由下往上读，只读数字。如2/4拍子，读作四二拍子，而不应读成数学中的分数：四分之二拍。

音值组合法

将时值不同的音符，按照拍子的结构特点进行组合的记谱方法，叫做音值组合法。

使用音值组合法可以便于读谱和辩认各种节奏型。

音值组合法的几种情况：

(1)单位拍一般要用共同的减时线连成音群，单位拍之间要分开，因此有几个单位拍就有几个音群。

(2)在节奏划分比较繁琐的情况下，每一个主要的音群可以再分成两个或四个相等的附属的音群，第一条减时线可以不分开。

(3)以八分音符或十六分音符为单位拍时，应把小节内所有的单位拍用共同的减时线连接在一起，第二、第三条减时线再按单位拍分开。

(4)占整小节的时值时，用一个音符来标记。

(5)休止符也按照晋值组合法的规则来组合，只是连音线是用不着的。

(6)附点音符无须按单位拍分开。

(7)声乐曲的音值组合法，一般地足按照音值组合法的规则进行组合，但由于歌曲中带有歌词，因此又与一般的音值组合法略有不同。主要区别在于，当一字多音时，需加连线。

连音符

在音乐中，将音符的时值用自由均分来代替音符的基本划分(一分为二)，叫做连音符。

连音符记在音符的上方，用弧线和数字来标记。

常见连音符有

(1)三连音

三连音就是将音均分为三部分来代替两部分，其时值为两部分的时值。

(2)五连音、六连音、七连音

将音符均分为五部分、六部分、七部来代替四部分，叫做五连音、六连音、七连音。

(3)九连音、十连音、十一连音......十五连音

将音符均分为九、十、十一......十五部分来代替八部分，叫做九连音、十连音、十一连音......十五连音。

切分音

切分音就是弱拍或弱位的音，延续到强拍或强位上而变为强音，这个音叫做切分音，含有切分音的节奏，叫做切分节奏。我们通常说切分音是(6 6 6)，其实这是切分节奏，切分音应是切分节奏(6 6 6)的中间那个音。

通常小节中第一拍为强拍，第二拍为弱拍;而第一拍(强拍)的前半拍为强位，后半拍为弱位，第二拍(弱拍)的前半拍为弱拍中的强位，后半拍为弱拍中的弱位。

识谱

吉他谱就是弹奏吉他的记谱方法，包括“六线谱”、“五线谱”和“简谱”等。其中六线谱属记录指法的乐谱，是最常见的吉他谱，我们以最常见的六线谱为例，从上到下，依次为一弦、二弦，一直到六弦。这是对应咱们吉他的六根弦的，具体看下图示例，几种常见的吉他谱。

这六根线，具体对应下图的吉他琴弦，1弦最细，6弦最粗。

左手指法

图1六线谱上方是和弦图+和弦名，用来标注我们弹吉他时左手按弦的指法，谱上字母表示着调子的高低，这是最基础的识谱方法。

右手指法

右手指法可以看到丁香花吉他六线谱中用x表示，即左手按好和弦右手弹用x标注了的弦，有些吉他谱直接在六线谱上用数字标注，如《丁香花》吉他谱3小节中1弦上3、2、0表示左手按1弦3品，1弦2品，一弦空弦音（即左手不按弦时弹响的音）。

左右手的技巧

练熟基本的左右手技术后，要进一步学习左右手的技巧：

一、槌弦法(Hammer-on)

使用右手弹弦后，左手之任一手指可在该弦上任一琴格做槌弦动作，即在同一弦上，由一较低音槌击弦至高音的动作。槌弦时，瞬间动作要快，且槌弦后手指切勿松开。

练习：

二、勾弦法(Pull-off)

使用左手之任一指按住一音，待右手弹奏该弦后，左手手指将该弦往下方勾，再放掉该弦。即在同一弦上，由一较高音勾弦至较低音的动作。勾弦时，左手手指是朝着食指的方向往下勾。

练习：

三、滑弦法(Slide)

使用左手手指按住任一音，待右手弹弦后，左手手指顺着琴格滑至另一音的琴格上，左手手指切勿离弦。

另一种的滑弦称为 Gliss，Gliss的滑弦是一种没有指定音的滑音方式，不管下滑或是上滑都没有固定的音，也因为没有指定的音，所以比较偏向是一种“效果”而非是“音”。

练习：

四、推弦法(Chocking)

将一个音弹奏之后，将按着的弦往上推（或往下引）而改变音程的弹奏方式，称为Chocking。又可称之为 Bending。

练习：

和弦

和弦就是音程的构成关系，目的就是达到和谐好听，它的构成就像咱们通常说的三角形、平行四边形，梯形等等的构成关系是一样，三角形是最稳定的关系，那么，在和弦的构在中，因为135这三个音分别叫主音，中音，属音，在大调中属于最稳定的音，所以构成的大三和弦，引导整个歌曲的进行。其余的如属和弦，下属和弦也属于稳定的三角形，所以，也是构成歌曲的主要和弦之一，像其他的少见的7和弦，减和弦，增和弦，这些就是不稳的结构，就像平行四边形一样，起到装饰表达特殊情感的构成。

和弦的构成：

和弦就是以一个根音为基础，按固定的结构组成，无论在哪个调里，都是按此固定结构来组成，比如说大三和弦，固定结构是135，什么是固定的呢，音程和音数是固定的，13是大三度，35是小三度，所以，大三度+小三度构成的和弦就叫大三和弦，它的音数也是固定的，前面是两个全音，后同是一个半全音，因为吉他上一个品格是半音，所以，用全音半音来组和弦，更容易找到对应的音。

音阶

音阶最通俗的理解就是音的高低排列，就像台阶一样，从低到高，有个固定规律叫音阶，1234567i（多来咪发索拉稀多）7个台阶构成音阶循环到i（高音多）。

音级

音级最简单的理解就是七个音阶中每个音所处的等级。用全音半音来表示，比如说1到2之间就是全音，由两个半音组成，3和4之间就半音，由一个半音组成，然后还有7i之音也是一个半音组成，其他23、45、56、67都是由两个半音组成，叫全音，这是固定的。

十二平均律

十二平均律是一个规律，就是把7个音阶分成十二个级别的单独音（半音），形成固定的等级高低规律，叫十二平均律，怎么分的呢，就是把12、23、45、56、67的一个台阶劈成两个台阶，共十个音级，34和7i之间本身是半个台阶，这样就总共由12个小台阶线成一个循环规律，就叫十二平均律。

音程

音程最通俗的理解就是音与音之间的高度关系，通常有度作为单位来表示，就是咱们常听到的一度，二度，三度、五度等等。最简单的一度就是同一个音之间的高度叫一度，比如说1本身就是一度，2本身就是一度，3本身就是一度，4、5、6、7都是这样的叫纯一度。具体如下表：

音数

音数就是指音程中包含的全音半音的数目，比如说1-3叫中间有两个全音，音数就是2，属于大三度。

和弦是和声的基础，了解和弦的目的，一是为和弹唱伴奏，唱与弹的音形成和谐的关系，二是为了指弹独奏曲里的编配。

练习方式

练好吉他和弦对吉他初学者来说是一件不容易的事情，需要很好的耐心。

1、按住和弦，脚打拍子，心里默数节拍，一般初学数4拍为宜。

2、每4拍做一个循环，当数1的时候同时按下手指，数4即将结束的时候松开手指。

3、手指不要离开琴弦，只是松开。

当手型固定以后，还是按4拍来数，这时候手指离开琴弦，但要保持手型不变，以此类推，练习不同的和弦。尤其大横按的练习，以上步骤尤为重要。

4、当练习完成几个基本和弦以后，可以进行不同和弦的转换练习。

5、当单手转换比较熟练后，加入右手拨片扫弦，还是按照4拍进行就可。

6、扫弦练习比较熟练后，可进行分解和弦的连续。

分解和弦记谱：

以丁香花的吉他谱为例，1小节；左手按Em和弦然后右手分别弹响4弦-3弦-2弦-1弦-2弦-3弦，因为图2-2中可以看到每个音的时值是一样，所以我们弹响的每个音的时长也应该是一样的。

2小节；左手按Cmaj7和弦然后右手分别弹响5弦-3弦-2弦-1弦-2弦-3弦，同样时值也一样长。

3小节；左手按D和弦然后右手弹用x标注的弦，1弦上有数字3标注的表示左手按1弦3品弹出的音，然后左手按1弦2品弹出的音，再然后弹1弦空弦音（六线谱上0表示空弦音；即左手不按弦时弹响的音）

吉他六线谱中右手扫弦的记谱方法是，向下扫弦时用向上的箭头"↑" 标记，向上扫弦时用向下的箭头"↓"标记。扫弦节奏型的时值记法也与简谱的记法相同。

弹唱歌曲伴奏

当左右手都练熟以后就可以开始练习弹唱了，按照谱子先将吉他伴奏练熟，达到不需要过脑子的境界。

推荐歌曲：

01 Jam-《七月上》

02 朴树-《平凡之路》

03 宋冬野-《安和桥》

04 陈粒-《奇妙能力歌》

05 万能青年旅店-《杀死内个石家庄人》

06 痛仰乐队-《公路之歌》

还有《知足》五月天、《听不到》五月天、《我的歌声里》曲婉婷、《月亮代表我的心》各种版本、《老男孩》筷子兄弟、《彩虹》周杰伦、《忽然之间》莫文蔚、《爱的就是你》王力宏等等都是非常适用于新吉他手的入门歌曲。

推荐书籍

第一本，《索尔吉他教程》。作者费尔南多·索尔被称为“吉他音乐的贝多芬”，你就知道他的分量了，在这本书中，作者并没有像题主担心的那样加入各种练习曲，里面都是你想学的东西，如音乐学科理论、吉他讲解，音质和音色的分析、如何持琴、如何拨弦、每根弦上的指法安排等，看完你会有很多收获。这本书给我的最大感受就是作者是真的爱吉他、懂吉他，比如他觉得很多人批评吉他问题很多，其实是他们自己使用不当，同时他会提出改进方法，很值得一看的书！

第二本，《伯克利现代吉他教程》。此书豆瓣评分9.4，同类顶尖水平，书名中的伯克利是美国著名的伯克利音乐学院的简称，王力宏、欧阳娜娜、查理·普斯都是这里出来的。这本书的练习曲目多一些，但我还是推荐给你，原因有二：一，书中仍然有你需要的知识，包括和弦、指型，还有调弦、谱号等；二，书中的练习曲目是作者专门为吉他演奏而创作的原创作品，对提高你的音乐素养和演奏水平很有帮助，伯克利音乐学院的教材，值得你相信。

第三本，《从零起步学吉他》。看书名你就知道了，这是一本对初学者很友好的书，事实上也的确如此。书的开头介绍了吉他的起源、发展、构造、种类，还会教你怎么选购和保养，让你对吉他有一个深入的了解，这对你很有帮助。另外，题主关心的音阶、和弦、调和调式、指型等，书中都有详细的讲解，总之很适合你的一本书，也被不少吉他初学者推崇。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他是一种弹拨乐器，通常有六条弦，形状与","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"提琴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"相似。吉他在","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"流行音乐","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、摇滚音乐、蓝调、民歌、佛朗明哥中，常被视为主要乐器。与小提琴、钢琴并列为世界著名三大乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQa8oYyoqgWOwCgexIbkyoe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他的分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmQWYC84Kamis5e0zBkJ3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他（意大利语：Chitarra），又译","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fbaike.baidu.com%2Fitem%2F%25E5%2585%25AD%25E5%25BC%25A6%25E7%2590%25B4%3FfromModule%3Dlemma_inlink"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"六弦琴","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。其面板与背板都是平的，琴腰部一般无角而往里凹，古典吉他一般无凹陷。琴颈很宽，长，指板上有弦枕并装有很多窄而稍向上凸起的金属制的横格，称之为“品”，它把琴弦划分为许多半音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8sWWEkUeAw6KUDeu1IL0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他品位的划分是：吉他的品位就是从琴头往音孔方向数的格数，比如第1格叫1品，第2格叫2品，以此类推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne4EskegSESUYkd3roo8wMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习吉他，首先要选一款吉他，常用的吉他大致分为民谣吉他、古典吉他和电吉他，要根据自己的喜好选择一种类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUIc84GiUMGqiw1pAzRwXbf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"民谣吉他","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyI8EQQGgEAOQeKXu5yLCXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"民谣吉他是吉他家族中最“平民化”的成员，演奏的人员最多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniKmimIUMAQoy0aNgdsaGwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"民谣吉他可细分为Acoustic guitar(圆角琴)和Cutaway(缺角琴)，前者适合演奏","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"和弦","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，后者适合演奏高把位","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"Solo","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。民谣吉他琴颈比较细，上指扳宽42mm，从弦枕到琴身共14个品格，琴箱上有一个月牙形的护板，使用钢丝弦演奏。吉他家族中最“平民化”的成员。在指板上由弦枕到琴柄与琴箱结合处是14品格，指板较窄，使用钢弦，琴尾有背带钉，面板上一般有护板，可用指甲或","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"拨片","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"弹奏。民谣吉他","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"音色","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"圆润亮透，音质深淳厚，演奏姿势比较自由，主要用于给歌唱者","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"伴奏","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，适用于乡村、民谣及现代音乐，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"演奏","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"形式较为轻松、随意。草根味比较重，是众多吉他中最平民的一种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnieaeCuCIY6ewgjidlQxkoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":3357,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"民谣吉他","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ba4b791065340479bf2c2719af41902","width":3357},"text":"","id":"doxcnESkAsqsgG8KUAJ5POEm6Ug"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古典吉他","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEikWESay2ASMOq0ZLl9Ebh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古典吉他也是吉他家族成员，和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"竖琴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"鲁特琴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"等同属古典式","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"弦琴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"大类。在指板上由弦枕到琴柄与琴箱结合处是12品格，指板较宽，使用","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"尼龙弦","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，音质纯厚，音色丰富，没有防护板。主要用于演奏古典乐曲，从演奏姿势到手指触弦都有严格要求，技巧精深，是吉他家族中艺术性最高，最具代表意义，适应面最广，最有深度，最受艺术界肯定的一类。古典吉他是一种根据200多年前式样成型的以尼龙弦(100年前为羊肠)发声的乐器。古典吉他的构造与其他乐器(","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"民谣吉他","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"电吉他","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"等)有明显不同；古典吉他以独奏为主、兼顾一定量的重奏、协奏等；手指直接弹奏并结合各种特殊演奏技巧；从音乐的表现来讲：古典吉他以演奏古典乐为主，兼顾一定量的现代经典乐曲。细腻而多变的音色，丰富的多声部和声演奏能力，对不同时期、不同风格不同民族的音乐都能诠释自如。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQuaKokAKWOcQ3fEcburdf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":966,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"古典吉他","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8e989b9856c64ddc8a06d8c20bf64e9f","width":986},"text":"","id":"doxcnmascm8MGAM60CYQHiQJB0e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电吉他","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu8kQquAA8kAcOegrD9lp3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电吉他是","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fbaike.baidu.com%2Fitem%2F%25E7%258E%25B0%25E4%25BB%25A3%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25AD%25A6%25E6%258A%2580%25E6%259C%25AF%2F12211879%3FfromModule%3Dlemma_inlink"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代科学技术","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的产物，从外型到音响都与传统的吉他有着明显的差别。琴体使用新","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fbaike.baidu.com%2Fitem%2F%25E7%25A1%25AC%25E6%259C%25A8%3FfromModule%3Dlemma_inlink"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬木","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"制成，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"配有音量、音高调节器(琴钮)以及","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fbaike.baidu.com%2Fitem%2F%25E9%25A2%25A4%25E9%259F%25B3%2F135604%3FfromModule%3Dlemma_inlink"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"颤音","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"结构(摇杆)等装置","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。配合","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fbaike.baidu.com%2Fitem%2F%25E6%2595%2588%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%2599%25A8%2F7378864%3FfromModule%3Dlemma_inlink"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"效果器","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的使用，电吉他有很强的表现力，在","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https%3A%2F%2Fbaike.baidu.com%2Fitem%2F%25E7%258E%25B0%25E4%25BB%25A3%25E9%259F%25B3%25E4%25B9%2590%2F9518355%3FfromModule%3Dlemma_inlink"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代音乐","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中有很重要的位置。现在多用于歌曲伴奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMiAYksw40WGcsFVKp4iuDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG8U4yqgy8gsEYLs8C9pNBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":491,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电吉他","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a72f1bfaa33848afb4236a7c5cb9352c","width":531},"text":"","id":"doxcnQSGUYOyUuSEYIeuUYpMfwT"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他调弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6oaqigwuqsymKjJ4Chuvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"任何乐器使用之前都要保证音准，吉他则是通过调弦来实现的。扭动琴头的旋钮可以控制琴弦的张力，配合调音器或者调音软件可以方便准确的将琴调准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMucmWmeiq628ETXX6Y7fSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"调弦标准音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAM0ksmaYCE8cspfB7ojaLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他调弦标准音、从低音六弦开始到高音一弦定音规定如下：\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"E 第六弦 E2 82.41HZ A 第五弦 A2 110HZ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"D 第四弦 D3 146.83HZ G 第三弦 G3 196HZ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"B 第二弦 B3 246.94HZ E第一弦 E4 329.63HZ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwsqQ2EKeIUWygNqJ1PNaad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调弦标准音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9bc4097c447f400781a13cd7176a276e","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoE40UsWGMWaqCSDOtzm4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先音名，CDEFGAB，这个就是用来记固定音高的符号，也就是无论它在哪个乐器上，音高就是固定的，所以，我们会看到，有些吉他音名分布图上，都是用字母来表示的，只不过，很少用小字，只用大字，但你只要理解这个音名固定的音高就行了，这就是音名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Aq2EkC4o8kSsNfjqIp0pg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":348,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调弦标准音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bbd3ac6f1048490993f778ff061933ac","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKiI6YgMemwgmQhFjDl35lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音名是固定的音高，理解这个后，那么唱名和简谱就是相对的音高。也就是说音名在吉他是固定的，它的音高已经固定了，但唱名和简谱","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"音高，就跟调试有关系了，调高，唱的高度就不一样，调低，唱的音就相对低了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC2mm222cQ6msWyYLZl3KXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKy2omAKMWuieWktVPEyy4g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":123,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调弦标准音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee39a81bd2aa4055b6b7b60859eee565","width":430},"text":"","id":"doxcnMOsW68GmwOOie81JIjTe9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如：在C大调","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"里","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，C唱哆，用1表示，与吉他上五弦三品的音一样高，但如果换成G调了，C在这里就唱发，用4表示，音高还是固定在五弦三品那里，只是在G调里唱成发了，用简谱4表示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQiM8SWgIOSGucvOB9lk9Dh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调弦标准音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/83d7c71cc7fa409bbaca93a9b66c8eb5","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnAuyasiScuyEG8RIAzR7ghd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"也就是说，如果你看到谱子左上角，有个字母C＝1，这时，表示C唱哆，是C大调，以C为哆来记谱唱音高，那么在这种情况下，D唱来，E唱咪，F唱发，G唱嗦，A唱拉，B唱稀，简谱还是按1234567来记，但如果写着G＝1，这就表示G唱成1，以G为基准唱成哆，这时，音就相对高了，G调的来2，就是吉他上的A，咪3就是B，发4就是C，索5就是D，拉6就是E，F升4#就是稀。所以，你看到没，唱名简谱跟调的高低有关，所以，音高是相对的，不同的调，唱的高度不同，吉他品位也不同，是相对的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeaeAkaKgAiWikP0UcehWb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"调音方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6aY0iqysmqo4aQdyxYaDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.五弦定音法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkoKOkYAuEKgobXUeEdbWd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1.五弦定音法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0724e4e856c142cc8b406305b4041308","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnSGA0qaEqa4aMUHJHgjerZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开手机随便拨打一个电话会出现嘟嘟的声音。按住6弦的5品并弹奏，使弹奏音与嘟音相同，此为标准音。完成了标准音的校准以后就可以开始下一步了 。同样是按住6弦5品，并同时弹奏6弦和5弦，仔细听音高是否相同，如果不相同分别弹奏6弦和5弦，确认音高了还是低了，并使用琴头的旋钮调节。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoIYSY4eo60aQiWEoIjsn2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着按住5弦5品。音名为D，此音和四弦空弦同音。据此调好4弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu8CCSEQAmucA0d2JiOmLob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按上图的规律用刚才说的方法以此类推，调好余下的弦音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wseam6saeUCEh6FjKKASd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.用电子调音器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0AgqSgka0MqieWAAOUIFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此方法直观简便，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就是需要去购买一个电子调音器","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，按前面第一点说的规律。用电子调音器夹住琴头，然后拨第六弦。调音器显示如下图左上为E就调好了。 \\n下图中的E A D B E都是调好的正常显示绿色。\\n只有第三弦G显示红色，还没完全调好，需要微调一下。\\n如果弦松了，没调好，指针会在左边。需要紧一下。\\n如果弦调紧了，指针在右边。需要松一下。一直到指针在中间变成绿色的E就正确了。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"其它各弦按 E A D G B E 从低音到高音顺序，用上面方法调好就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAGA2u4AYGwoqcZog7oayb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"2.用电子调音器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bd9e8066fb704b38a1c312c27ffdc631","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKw6CsYMqQY8oG8u2ybv8bf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.手机软件调音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngI6i0U66GUmGuIWY3PXiaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前最实用不花钱的方法，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就是手机上下载一个调音软件","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。方法同上面一样。就是用调音软件调弦。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"手机调音软件有专用吉他的，也有音乐通用的。我这里用的是通用的。专用的吉他调音软件现在需要会员。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOAygsQQ6qQ4WqzHzhQJbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":640,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3.手机软件调音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dfc661f44c52448bbd7ec3f367590867","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnW468Sia4KA4kWy8eVPAnih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拨弦和扫弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wgywcOIG8GA8RoMaks0af"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们都知道，弹吉他时，左右手分工不同，左手是负责按出音阶或和弦，右手则是弹奏，右手在弹奏过程中，各个手指的分工也不同，大拇指负责6、5、4弦，食指负责3弦，中指负责2弦，无名指负责1弦，小指可以抵住面板作为加固稳定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYwOSkico2q64cRe08pCjd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AmKSeyUWuyEITwu1TEEOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据手指离开琴弦的方向我们可以将拨弦分为两种方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOIM02Yu24sSQrCbGzbsTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"靠弦拨法和勾弦拨法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnocMoUgAIUqgo0K9HHQnYZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"靠弦拨法：手指拨弦后，顺势停靠在下一根相临的弦上，比如拔完6弦后顺势靠在5弦上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAuog4mcy6kEeWquSG4vatg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5aa0768f40d147fcbf7a535d4f4a83b9","width":870},"text":"","id":"doxcn0kmGmeAyWk06GEbpBlOnnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\\n勾弦拨法：手指拨弦后，稍微向手心方向勾起，然后自然停在空中，而不是停靠在相临的弦上。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在吉他演奏中，勾弦拨法方法使用得最多，因为动作比较灵活，多用于演奏分解和弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOsQ4qiOG28wqsFx4Cnieh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":406,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/350d4a1837bc4bbcbf11481b17c64652","width":636},"text":"","id":"doxcn2YS0gg6EeGk4ArC73tv7ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\\n这两种练习中都要加上大拇指参与练习，练习中，靠弦和钩弦可以结合一起练习，互相切换，掌握拨弦力度准确性和灵活性。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"3.分解和弦练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8WkcseyuImKAxpDl7kFph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分解和弦练习其实在初学阶段非常重要的，你在练习的时候，手指要并拢，大拇指伸出其他三指的位置，根据节奏顺序，手指轮流去拨弦分解，节奏可以是先中速，再慢速，再快速。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"轮指是比较难练的技巧，但想拥有一手流畅华丽又均匀快速的轮指，要下一番苦功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiqUsQAuGQOAkFclHtRbmc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e03f06ea49046b58db91c9537086701","width":946},"text":"","id":"doxcno4ECGwgooMcywd69gbWlcf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"4.扫弦练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCccMIkuwGAem6Ug3eUBOJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多人认为扫弦比拨弦容易多了，真的是这样吗？扫弦并不是靠蛮力去扫，而是要用到你的手腕，扫弦时不需要挥动整只手腕手臂，只要转动你的手腕用巧力去扫。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"下面介绍几种常见的扫弦方式：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQcGyacYWg6w8ELXmZQkvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a.大拇指扫弦：手指自然伸展，略呈弧形，所有反弦动作都用大拇指完成，这种手法扫弦声音丰满，整体性好，缺点是一来一回音色不够统一且亮度较差。\\nb.拇指与食指交叉成“十字”，其余手指呈飞鸟状伸开（自然并拢也可），下击时用食指指甲背，上击时用拇指指甲背。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这种扫弦声音清脆明亮、音色统一，缺点是声音略显单薄。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCAYMSSa4CEwaaoAimoJge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/917fae17f2de44228efd609c3e813622","width":754},"text":"","id":"doxcnGwaqYyggaq0m2fvcJZXADg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"c.","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"拨片","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"拨片又称拨子· 用于演奏阮、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"柳琴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"吉他","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"等乐器。一般由","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"尼龙","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"或者","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"赛璐珞","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"制成，价格也因材料不同而有所差异，一般赛璐珞的拨子在4-10元，而尼龙的拨子有的则高达百元。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6EUu88w6KgISCAIbNAZemd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":520,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f20f4f5dfa454c109568acd12207baf9","width":520},"text":"","id":"doxcnuUqQASOMAu20QvUUBVol9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"拨片的持法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkou06mASe4IOeaUf6DOUjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拨片的持法其实因人而异，没有什么固定的姿势。一般会选择放在右手食指第一关节外侧，然后拇指以一定的角度轻松自然的按住整体拨片的三分之二或大部分，但不要捏的太紧，保持一定的自由度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWuKSeqg6oAKgUNpzVjo0Db"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGksUmcKQmq2CUXLUeRF05g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":505,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ffd42def7cfb40148506f47a982d47ae","width":641},"text":"","id":"doxcnyMyAk8qqwAOUgJkou2f7zb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wsIo0CwkoMc4eETiD2bCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwI4eKM4cgWqs3lZCUOrsm"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习乐理知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8yAyUWyWssWygf6R13huh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当练习到一定阶段后，就需要进一步学习乐理知识了，懂了乐理能够更好的帮助你理解和弦、调式、节奏等，还能够尝试给歌曲填和弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQmgw446qoCcUaoVxPgJIad"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小节、小节线、复纵线与终止线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEamQKii8MGIG8YCrnghiqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)小节：两条相邻的竖线之间的部分，称为小节。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Qy8cI6g6QMsVpC9dnIPEx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)小节线：划分小节的竖线叫做小节线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsGOAc4S2SOuuApXvBE4Rue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)复纵线：在乐曲中用以划分段落的、由两条细竖线构成的线，叫做复纵线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyayyE4q6GIWA8MhWqjz22b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)终止线：记在乐曲结束处的、一细一粗的两条平行竖线，叫做终止线。表示全曲的终止。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qKq6Qms0CsqSWZJP6j2uf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"节拍、拍子与拍号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOw6WucMQ8SoXHkgpzkatJ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)节拍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQeOcMggmCUEchHNDFaOLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐曲中强(重音)弱(非重音)音有规律的反复，叫做节拍。节拍是用强弱关系来组织音乐的，节拍中的每个单位，叫做单位拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCycugiYuISKaWAzamtzrpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有重音的单位叫做强拍，非重音的单位叫做弱拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWku8WOMEWiYguCpXXIyS0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"强弱 强弱 强弱弱 强弱弱 ●o ●o ●o o ●o O (●表示强、o表示弱、O 表示次弱)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncsaAOW8KUYQiETg7usUheb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：小节中的第一拍通常为强拍，若再有强拍则为次强拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIm6mMw0i26kqGgdPjzlB4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)拍子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqWS4WiOw2IgmmAhuwTxzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在音乐中，将单位拍用固定的音符(如二分音符、四分音符、八分音符)来代表， 叫做拍子。如可以以二分音符为一拍，也可以以四分音符为一拍，或以八分音符为一拍等。拍子是用分数来标记的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKCmewQ0aQMWU27efF5Nd3b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)拍号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYQUCE2S0kYUimyJuKYj5pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"表示拍子的记号叫做拍号。如2/4、3/4、4/4等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygwqm0QWk2Mk2ruaMXp0Nc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拍号用分数形式标记，分子(横线上方的数字)表示每小节的单位拍数，分母(横 线下方的数字)表示单位拍的音符时值。如差拍子表示以四分音符为一拍，每小节有四拍;主拍子表示以四分音符为一拍，每小节有三拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYQE60Sw6Mm0cQJhuI5AdBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"读拍号时应由下往上读，只读数字。如2/4拍子，读作四二拍子，而不应读成数学中的分数：四分之二拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMWuWeGOqeiiA69Hn79sHUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音值组合法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Cm0esOOGa6MU1kFAIAzyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将时值不同的音符，按照拍子的结构特点进行组合的记谱方法，叫做音值组合法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKY04OqyWO2kWIxp9xDRSyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用音值组合法可以便于读谱和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"辩认","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"各种节奏型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimIoMoYkS8GKySH2kXZJxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音值组合法的几种情况：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksWgS24qIQGS4S60BSi5Qd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)单位拍一般要用共同的减时线连成音群，单位拍之间要分开，因此有几个单位拍就有几个音群。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSAA6aaMoc8sEgf7R4R8IRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)在节奏划分比较繁琐的情况下，每一个主要的音群可以再分成两个或四个相等的附属的音群，第一条减时线可以不分开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGuaaYiM8qw6cVVamfwIbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)以八分音符或十六分音符为单位拍时，应把小节内所有的单位拍用共同的减时线连接在一起，第二、第三条减时线再按单位拍分开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6AGm4W82KOMiuG14woAFze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)占整小节的时值时，用一个音符来标记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIg2qykUquEgUsHYkROrr1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)休止符也按照晋值组合法的规则来组合，只是连音线是用不着的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kWOaugWEEkMOenCkFUP1P"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)附点音符无须按单位拍分开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKecwK4a4M0A8DlItfYNfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)声乐曲的音值组合法，一般地足按照音值组合法的规则进行组合，但由于歌曲中带有歌词，因此又与一般的音值组合法略有不同。主要区别在于，当一字多音时，需加连线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwWyKUikM2Ss49e8iOPT1f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"连音符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQo0C4qGmmkQgaSkk4Lyiif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在音乐中，将音符的时值用自由均分来代替音符的基本划分(一分为二)，叫做连音符。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq6s2GKA6Cea4eA9FpHqrBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连音符记在音符的上方，用弧线和数字来标记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSykCMuMU0ESiMP2P0bNVR4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见连音符有","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns6QyMUuo0IwIUT5D2aFcue"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)三连音 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncesEGEmssicMiUOdm0uxqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三连音就是将音均分为三部分来代替两部分，其时值为两部分的时值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYOyGaMSeSauQo1hfqVzZtf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)五连音、六连音、七连音 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ueoYw8gwuAYYldPydunMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将音符均分为五部分、六部分、七部来代替四部分，叫做五连音、六连音、七连音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2UWU8ASQIA2ssZ38cBovnf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)九连音、十连音、十一连音......十五连音 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS2CksGmawccQiqGJuvjDCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将音符均分为九、十、十一......十五部分来代替八部分，叫做九连音、十连音、十一连音......十五连音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEiQGG80mMSuq0Gx5ySoc7e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"切分音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIeOMaC0gWKEiQzYueraOUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"切分音就是弱拍或弱位的音，延续到强拍或强位上而变为强音，这个音叫做切分音，含有切分音的节奏，叫做切分节奏。我们通常说切分音是(6 6 6)，其实这是切分节奏，切分音应是切分节奏(6 6 6)的中间那个音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScKugEOsec4GELrJ3ldoQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常小节中第一拍为强拍，第二拍为弱拍;而第一拍(强拍)的前半拍为强位，后半拍为弱位，第二拍(弱拍)的前半拍为弱拍中的强位，后半拍为弱拍中的弱位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4mIoQIsaySuIQ1yQIGqmGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"识谱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2OAscGi4SOCikpg80Ir3m5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他谱就是弹奏吉他的记谱方法，包括“六线谱”、“五线谱”和“简谱”等。其中六线谱属记录指法的乐谱，是最常见的吉他谱，我们以最常见的六线谱为例，从上到下，依次为一弦、二弦，一直到六弦。这是对应咱们吉他的六根弦的，具体看下图示例，几种常见的吉他谱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoocsw4WKqqYSEPfapgqjUg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":225,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"识谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d6586810ca844acdb6c1afc6506f79b6","width":263},"text":"","id":"doxcn2GMCeqe2I4Quy21zJptK8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这六根线，具体对应下图的吉他琴弦，1弦最细，6弦最粗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKsQOYgEqAuqiADL0F6PGIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4Ag8QAUA6e4YbOWNLfAih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":166,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"识谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e6dd596066d4473d975587a85b151912","width":486},"text":"","id":"doxcnyGQ6eqSaSeuaE5bSjraIbh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"左手指法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwAmK46SIyY2QX0hoYpRzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图1六线谱上方是和弦图+和弦名，用来标注我们弹吉他时左手按弦的指法，谱上字母表示着调子的高低，这是最基础的识谱方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2IeUUyCoAOeUp4WBVf6Th"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"右手指法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUSGk2IEisyWiq2DIVsvnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"右手指法可以看到丁香花吉他六线谱中用x表示，即","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"左手按好","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"和弦右手弹用x标注了的弦，有些吉他谱直接在六线谱上用数字标注，如《丁香花》吉他谱3小节中1弦上3、2、0表示左手按1弦3品，1弦2品，一弦空弦音（即左手不按弦时弹响的音）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqWOyWssQwqkSShPmg2hSe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":328,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"右手指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e10c3936f1d04408a3dc1d2d4b16fba7","width":476},"text":"","id":"doxcnqyaousqKs4yiKihO9Stn8f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"左右手的技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMAegIOQmqiCouu3iuXhvhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练熟基本的左右手技术后，要进一步学习左右手的技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIOAGi4EumiKU5qzAwepBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、槌弦法(Hammer-on)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGQ8ISky4MCAcuiPt1elFwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用右手弹弦后，左手之任一手指可在该弦上任一琴格做槌弦动作，即在同一弦上，由一较低音槌击弦至高音的动作。槌弦时，瞬间动作要快，且槌弦后手指切勿松开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI06UsQckikuiURnvI0FlKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM0uqWuq2MOGc4xWLiWnSbb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":283,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、槌弦法(Hammer-on)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d45866f3fded479f94278307b456e271","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnK2QoQSeYsouWYfIxY6299d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMKiugM8Asu4kWje79235bb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、槌弦法(Hammer-on)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a26e0ad58bfd4c10a3ea4bc23a772cdf","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnIWoGcEyuWyWiM5fAviMThf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、勾弦法(Pull-off) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2eMguKMiioQosxbgZkoief"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用左手之任一指按住一音，待右手弹奏该弦后，左手手指将该弦往下方勾，再放掉该弦。即在同一弦上，由一较高音勾弦至较低音的动作。勾弦时，左手手指是朝着食指的方向往下勾。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8OyiIAwKEwWis9SkZhq6kf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":272,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、勾弦法(Pull-off) ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/157ac8745a3f4cc8bce486075584224e","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnk6W6keSmYcOA0Wz1w8PWye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUweMksk8acspD54HexNES"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":203,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、勾弦法(Pull-off) ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5c20619c960942f6aabc04eb87187fe7","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcn2YQ4GsycU2s4Oa1UH2pnMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、滑弦法(Slide) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQaIsYyesY4Q2pA4DTmqLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用左手手指按住任一音，待右手弹弦后，左手手指顺着琴格滑至另一音的琴格上，左手手指切勿离弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6QWGomekeqWC4mOC9Bmdzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另一种的滑弦称为 Gliss，Gliss的滑弦是一种没有指定音的滑音方式，不管下滑或是上滑都没有固定的音，也因为没有指定的音，所以比较偏向是一种“效果”而非是“音”。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCwu0WU2GEWaIIHWwkBN0rh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSO8o8YymY2quyUEvKeYzFc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、滑弦法(Slide) ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a0754cc5c2104ea883b44c3985f93d99","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcn4O2UwEG2k4io4B7EOBtTIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY0yWqaqWyu8EIneZNyPLYe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":196,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、滑弦法(Slide) ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ac13ae5ed8b3455890f6090772fd5a0e","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnCEcQqouAMGskNZzWudFiBR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、推弦法(Chocking) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeqQeU24OkYmIR314MvCVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将一个音弹奏之后，将按着的弦往上推（或往下引）而改变音程的弹奏方式，称为Chocking。又可称之为 Bending。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Ge8qKiGO4AO6jxUxaY9oh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":183,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、推弦法(Chocking) ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9e09d18f7cd240a4aee12183ea9004e2","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnw6auw6WMkiYMrp2TNgUTqs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniuuKSac2YkAuuM6NrIS70c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":173,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、推弦法(Chocking) ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c842fb6a368443a9f805c03ff4853c3","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcn00UiYMIUuUieI16OIsDHnd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM6ykQA64seAoUx6BF9BGfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦就是音程的构成关系，目的就是达到和谐好听，它的构成就像咱们通常说的三角形、平行四边形，梯形等等的构成关系是一样，三角形是最稳定的关系，那么，在和弦的构在中，因为135这三个音分别叫主音，中音，属音，在大调中属于最稳定的音，所以构成的大三和弦，引导整个歌曲的进行。其余的如属和弦，下属和弦也属于稳定的三角形，所以，也是构成歌曲的主要和弦之一，像其他的少见的7和弦，减和弦，增和弦，这些就是不稳的结构，就像平行四边形一样，起到装饰表达特殊情感的构成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6kYSkAKUCEMgP9TdkgLlg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦的构成：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUo0i0AguwEqcEHJ7JZCvmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦就是以一个根音为基础，按固定的结构组成，无论在哪个调里，都是按此固定结构来组成，比如说大三和弦，固定结构是135，什么是固定的呢，音程和音数是固定的，13是大三度，35是小三度，所以，大三度+小三度构成的和弦就叫大三和弦，它的音数也是固定的，前面是两个全音，后同是一个半全音，因为吉他上一个品格是半音，所以，用全音半音来组和弦，更容易找到对应的音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAcsQcKsGkaaQLaEL8yUYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音阶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8uSu46iW0qAIcR3lwt3jKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音阶最通俗的理解就是音的高低排列，就像台阶一样，从低到高，有个固定规律叫音阶，1234567i（多来咪发索拉稀多）7个台阶构成音阶循环到i（高音多）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwiS42qGmsoAiAnDHsXqEf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSKYS0Y6OoagwUFKoM6adeg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":280,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音阶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d0ddd362fe04558b9541c6592344c0a","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnQmSwOQki4CyGYXSO7ttJFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsgeA4YMC4IMwSiCwDe0ctb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音级最简单的理解就是七个音阶中每个音所处的等级。用全音半音来表示，比如说1到2之间就是全音，由两个半音组成，3和4之间就半音，由一个半音组成，然后还有7i之音也是一个半音组成，其他23、45、56、67都是由两个半音组成，叫全音，这是固定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmoYUI2O8e6qAaOicfbdspd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggIMOOySEE8iOEFgFJJfMd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":315,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音级","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6095762e9624478f814a86272c3587b0","width":475},"text":"","id":"doxcnKqy6MK0CKM4uyKsplSkCWg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二平均律","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCcqQwk86iWSsQjkYoTOOth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二平均律是一个规律，就是把7个音阶分成十二个级别的单独音（半音），形成固定的等级高低规律，叫十二平均律，怎么分的呢，就是把12、23、45、56、67的一个台阶劈成两个台阶，共十个音级，34和7i之间本身是半个台阶，这样就总共由12个小台阶线成一个循环规律，就叫十二平均律。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUyGk2oO0UqW4aiUbJ4Vff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS82e080OciAMohnIJHwcTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音程最通俗的理解就是音与音之间的高度关系，通常有度作为单位来表示，就是咱们常听到的一度，二度，三度、五度等等。最简单的一度就是同一个音之间的高度叫一度，比如说1本身就是一度，2本身就是一度，3本身就是一度，4、5、6、7都是这样的叫纯一度。具体如下表：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0GAKG6ikKaMKOWkEXgCUVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4CsA2KKUWqK6ORNaA87Zr9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":756,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2092cca416645e39aa4da6d89359f1c","width":765},"text":"","id":"doxcnAQwoCYYaeuoAos5Sm6jJqb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音数","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYC6iCYKkwGM06zaI6sfrpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音数就是指音程中包含的全音半音的数目，比如说1-3叫中间有两个全音，音数就是2，属于大三度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngyiUiQmYuO8e45PLMtpAob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC6SGiUa6QaaKcQL8Nq2LpC"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":740,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音数","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/788536e4c1b34252b32f2e7299042c40","width":740},"text":"","id":"doxcnQq44CmkQgeOUEbl7usH8nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦是和声的基础，了解和弦的目的，一是为和弹唱伴奏，唱与弹的音形成和谐的关系，二是为了指弹独奏曲里的编配。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn82Gc6ioQgOm48j52kTpBWe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWYUYQ8AekGmYIbOoxuzV9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练好吉他和弦对吉他初学者来说是一件不容易的事情，需要很好的耐心。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6I4KioQ02sC4wXVMEg29Dg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"按住和弦，脚打拍子，心里默数节拍，一般初学数4拍为宜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU064WkQOWsCCAYUVpU57dE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、每4拍做一个循环，当数1的时候同时按下手指，数4即将结束的时候松开手指。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWW2GcCAWMAkiG6Rombg83d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、手指不要离开琴弦，只是松开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngCm4CmmgSK2gvrQbFtLELQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当手型固定以后，还是按4拍来数，这时候手指离开琴弦，但要保持手型不变，以此类推，练习不同的和弦。尤其大横按的练习，以上步骤尤为重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmCoU84aAS0uy6DuWY5GTHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、当练习完成几个基本和弦以后，可以进行不同和弦的转换练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGko80oKKkegkJBgq51dlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、当单手转换比较熟练后，加入右手拨片扫弦，还是按照4拍进行就可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0aqww4GICQ6cKIqOYLLIQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、扫弦练习比较熟练后，可进行分解和弦的连续。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEQkUuqkmioksaA7AaQWqVc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分解和弦记谱：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawuwwuA8Im4cCBtkCquycb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以丁香花的吉他谱为例，1小节；左手按Em和弦然后右手分别弹响4弦-3弦-2弦-1弦-2弦-3弦，因为图2-2中可以看到每个音的时值是一样，所以我们弹响的每个音的时长也应该是一样的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmqyGqmISqa60mA6YlGA5Bg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2小节；左手按Cmaj7和弦然后右手分别弹响5弦-3弦-2弦-1弦-2弦-3弦，同样时值也一样长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm88Is0kiSwk4Wm5wrQQNoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3小节；左手按D和弦然后右手弹用x标注的弦，1弦上有数字3标注的表示左手按1弦3品弹出的音，然后左手按1弦2品弹出的音，再然后弹1弦空弦音（六线谱上0表示空弦音；即左手不按弦时弹响的音）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAcsg62eOYkwKKiQS4kgCb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":177,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分解和弦记谱：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4e2420d143774e41950416ce2f5bec1b","width":514},"text":"","id":"doxcnq4IiM4GaKwEoIdhyXB6NGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaCw4qESoaEMIcbwvOyFGdc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分解和弦记谱：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/347ebf70f1734c68bd3460e00639d70c","width":503},"text":"","id":"doxcn4s4gkISIMeuwARTLWh5uhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吉他六线谱中右手扫弦的记谱方法是，向下扫弦时用向上的箭头\"↑\" 标记，向上扫弦时用向下的箭头\"↓\"标记。扫弦节奏型的时值记法也与简谱的记法相同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskCQq6yYam2cc1M28rb74g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2msKCKA80W4yMRaUT5Z0ih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当左右手都练熟以后就可以开始练习弹唱了，按照谱子先将吉他伴奏练熟，达到不需要过脑子的境界。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAm6KU6M8Owmy89hc4qzQth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐歌曲：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI0iKAUA0MWiSoR0AOlX0Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"01 Jam-《七月上》 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOAYuUmEu4UyaiUPG1hNmpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oioass0akeYCckDAUmN5d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":715,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c73ecfd2bbaf43458787f8a406549ffd","width":565},"text":"","id":"doxcnWwUmu6skCWSI4xFPp8esQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"02 朴树-《平凡之路》 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngYyUqqymO6Y4gPTppY91Wf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngWaUmuKEguei89r4yC7voe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":972,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7db915958d2b43379256deba64a3f652","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnss66QqsqG8YQKUqNMCKlph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"03 宋冬野-《安和桥》 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsQw2oUWSOwEEz7RvfOyvc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":861,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ecd83819030843d3bc6c5ff814f82a4c","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnQM8SQAcIGsmsGm4Tnpzlqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwWW4aaKWoMEHrkJmXXhDu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"04 陈粒-《奇妙能力歌》 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEeKq4QAAoIgS6uZpTJzNkb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":607,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f1e3cc264eb948c398fd298068e1969c","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn2a0u2cAA8yay2zrXjOy4hf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWSWsaUq8EeKuAx0u7kcjAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"05 万能青年旅店-《杀死内个石家庄人》 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIm6QCSooK0Ckw36EMNNsph"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":895,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7ea6adcf172444b79c72b9db2ff9e385","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnwWO422I4Uk42UNydVNMGvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnce4mWIUMmi0y65L8aBgwpH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"06 痛仰乐队-《公路之歌》 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6a2Ig28IikiGM1DSKamrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":719,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弹唱歌曲伴奏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bc92f979177441c19035f5653291117e","width":524},"text":"","id":"doxcnYk4AGQ0YOKQkIVyaK44Qfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有《知足》五月天、《听不到》五月天、《我的歌声里》曲婉婷、《月亮代表我的心》各种版本、《老男孩》筷子兄弟、《彩虹》周杰伦、《忽然之间》莫文蔚、《爱的就是你》王力宏等等都是非常适用于新吉他手的入门歌曲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKWeMecEua6Oi8yNiN5Scd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6OAMsQIy4wQmIEGVUL1zh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一本，《","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"索尔吉他教程","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》。作者费尔南多·索尔被称为“吉他音乐的贝多芬”，你就知道他的分量了，在这本书中，作者并没有像题主担心的那样加入各种练习曲，里面都是你想学的东西，如音乐学科理论、吉他讲解，音质和音色的分析、如何持琴、如何拨弦、每根弦上的指法安排等，看完你会有很多收获。这本书给我的最大感受就是作者是真的爱吉他、懂吉他，比如他觉得很多人批评吉他问题很多，其实是他们自己使用不当，同时他会提出改进方法，很值得一看的书！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAymIAAoQceIesTu10tLr7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二本，《","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"伯克利现代吉他教程","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》。此书豆瓣评分9.4，同类顶尖水平，书名中的伯克利是美国著名的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"伯克利音乐学院","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的简称，王力宏、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"欧阳娜娜","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、查理·普斯都是这里出来的。这本书的练习曲目多一些，但我还是推荐给你，原因有二：一，书中仍然有你需要的知识，包括和弦、指型，还有调弦、谱号等；二，书中的练习曲目是作者专门为吉他演奏而创作的原创作品，对提高你的音乐素养和演奏水平很有帮助，伯克利音乐学院的教材，值得你相信。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACSMqGAeiiWci4Ykvoa17e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三本，《","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"从零起步学吉他","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》。看书名你就知道了，这是一本对初学者很友好的书，事实上也的确如此。书的开头介绍了吉他的起源、发展、构造、种类，还会教你怎么选购和保养，让你对吉他有一个深入的了解，这对你很有帮助。另外，题主关心的音阶、和弦、调和调式、指型等，书中都有详细的讲解，总之很适合你的一本书，也被不少吉他初学者推崇。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnisGoOq0QmUQei3AMJetqeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIUY42oEUAAUusG2aaZUC0t"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

3. jp32高喷消防车

这款移动电源是内部卡扣的，直接找到上、下的缝隙用薄刀片撬就行了，但一般会损坏卡扣。

4. jp56型高喷消防车多少钱

自从液晶电视上市以来，逐渐受到了人们的喜爱，很多人家里都安装了液晶电视。和普遍的电视机相比，液晶电视比较省电、较为环保。但是对于电器来说，使用久了，出现故障也在所难免，那么该如何维修呢？

基础知识

组成结构

液晶电视机的组成原理，大体有4个主要功能模块电源板，电视主板，逻辑板，背光模块，以及屏线，遥控器，按键输入和喇叭输出。

电源板

顾名思义，电源板负责整台电视的供电。功能好比人的心脏，给人全身输送能量。如果电源板坏了，就像人的心脏停止跳动，电视机自然就不能工作了。

很多黑屏，背光不亮，指示灯不亮，遥控按键不起作用等现象都是因为电源板故障引起。

电视主板

电视主板是整个电视机控制的核心，也可以说是电视的大脑。

如果电视主板出现问题，可能导致指示灯不亮、或者指示灯颜色异常、遥控按键无响应、黑屏、花屏等现象。

逻辑板

逻辑板也称TCON板，是信号中转站。负责将主板的LVDS信号转换成屏能处理的TCON信号。

如果TCON坏了，可能导致画面黑屏，花屏，条纹干扰，屏闪，屏保等异常现象。

背光模块

背光模块的功能是给电视机显示提供背光光源。

如果电视背光不亮，很有可能是背光模块出现了问题。

LVDS信号线

屏线，又称差分信号线。如果接口松动，接触不良，很容易导致黑屏，雪花点干扰，花屏等异常现象。

注意：4K电视，因为数据量大，LVDS信号线已无法满足传输要求，一般都采用V-BY-ONE的信号线传输。

遥控接收头

遥控接收头，也称IR，负责接收遥控器的红外控制信号。如果按遥控器没有反应，可能是遥控接收头出现问题。

按键板

如果遥控器可以正常操作，但按键板不起作用，估计是按键板或者相关电路坏了。

三合一板卡

将背光模块，电源板和电视主板集合到一块板卡上，俗称三合一板卡。将背光模块，电源板和电视主板集合到一块板卡上，俗称三合一板卡。

随着产品的标准和规范化，电视模块将越来越简化。目前市面上的电视，里面的模块基本都简化成两片电路了，一块三合一主板加一片逻辑板。

工作原理

如上图，红色的箭头是供电电路，蓝色的箭头是信号电路。

电源板负责将220V交流电压转换成各个模块工作所需的直流电压；

电视主板负责处理按键信号，响应遥控器信号；

控制电源板开关，直接或间接控制背光模块；

接收各类视频信号，图像转化成LVDS信号输送给逻辑板；

声音信号输出到喇叭；

逻辑板主要功能是将电视主板输出的LVDS信号转换成液晶屏能处理的TCON信号；

背光模块负责给背光灯条供电。

维修常用工具

螺丝刀

螺丝刀是工具，分手动或电动，用于旋拧（安装）和旋松（除去）螺钉。

镊子钳

夹持导线、元件及集成电路引脚等。

万用表

，万用表又称为复用表、多用表、三用表、繁用表等，是电力电子等部门不可缺少的测量仪表，一般以测量电压、电流和电阻为主要目的。

示波器

示波器是一种用途十分广泛的电子测量仪器。它能把肉眼看不见的电信号变换成看得见的图像，便于人们研究各种电现象的变化过程。

温度可调热风枪

热风枪主要是利用发热电阻丝的枪芯吹出的热风来对元件进行焊接与摘取元件的工具。

电烙铁

电烙铁是电子制作和电器维修的必备工具，主要用途是焊接元件及导线。

锡丝

锡丝的特质是具有一定的长度与直径的锡合金丝，在电子原器件的焊接中可与电烙铁或激光配合使用。

维修技巧

基本维修的方法

直观法

肉眼观察烧黑的地方，看有无连接线松动及元器件击穿的情况。

触摸法

用手触摸关键部件，观察供电部分发热情况(数字板)，特别是对老化几小时后出现的软故障情况比较实用。

问题法

了解故障出现的具体状态(比如雷击、打火、冒烟、积水及以及人为操作等)。

测量法

使用万用表、示波器测量(有些情况可用指针式万用表交流来代替示波器测量一些普通的信号)。

代换法

有条件的情况下，可以代换电源板，数字板，高频板，背光板，屏，LVDS数据线，软件等，这种方法维修快。

排除法

缩小检修范围，准确判断故障位置(如信号源部分、信号通道部分)。

逻辑检修法

该方法要求对所修板件的信号流程、电源逻辑关系非常熟悉，可以确定维修的顺序：是先从后级向前级检修，还是单一通道向公共通道检修等等。

满足法

先大体确定故障部位后，再检修部分电路的工作条件是否满足(特殊情况下可人为制造工作条件)。

对比法

条件允许的情况下，可以对比好的板件进行检修，也可以对比同一板件上相同的电路(对称电路)来进行检修。

先软件后硬件

软件涉及的故障范围广，但是需要检修的范围小，对于一些软故障，建议先升级软件。

初步检修流程

维修口诀

液晶维修并不难，工作原理记心间；

电压来自电源板，亮度来自背光源；

信号处理机芯板，显示分配控制板；

5V供电最勤劳，一年四季歇不了；

12V供给机芯板，中放功放向它看；

24V送到背光板，无它屏幕缺光源；

机芯板子是领导，开关信号向它要；

电源模块背光板，电平高开（机）低关；

PWM脉冲很重要，少了亮度提不高；

LVDS线要求高，变质松动有干扰；

液晶电视不普通，程序经常闹罢工；

三天两天发神经，需要复位来摆平；

液晶屏幕很脆弱，要维修时细（心）操作

平板维修费用高，学好技术很辛劳；

赚钱固然很重要，安全二字记心牢。

常见故障分析

显示器整机无电

1、电源故障

这是一个应该说是非常简单的故障，一般的液晶显示器分机内电源和机外电源两种，机外的常见一些。不论那种电源，易损的一般是一些小元件，象保险管、整流桥、300V滤波电容、电源开关管、电源管理IC、整流输出二极管、滤波电容等。这些常用的芯片在专业液晶配件店里都能买到。

2、驱动板故障

驱动板烧保险或者是稳压芯片出现故障，有部分机器是把开关电源内置，输出两组电源，其中一组是5V，供信号处理用，另外一组是12V提供高压板点背光用，如果开关电源部分电路出现了故障会有可能导致两组电源均没输出先查12V电压正常否，跟着查5V电压正常否，因为A/D驱动板的MCU芯片的工作电压是5V，所以查找开不了机的故障时，先用万用表测量5V电压，如果没有5V电压或者5V电压变得很低，那么一种可能是电源电路输入级出现了问题，也就是说12V转换到5V的电源部分出了问题，这种故障很常见检查5端稳压块(常见型号8050SD-LM2596-AIC15-01等)。

另一种可能就是5V的负载加重了，把5V电压拉得很低，换一种说法就是说，后级的信号处理电路出了问题，有部分电路损坏，引起负载加重，把5V电压拉得很低，逐一排查后级出现问题的元件，替换掉出现故障的元件后，5V能恢复正常，故障一般就此解决，也经常遇到5V电压恢复正常后还不能正常开机的，这种情况也有多种原因，一方面是MCU的程序被冲掉可能会导致不开机。还有就是MCU本身损坏，比如说MCU的I/O口损坏，使MCU扫描不了按键，遇到这种由MCU引起的故障，找硬件的问题是没有用的，就算你换了MCU也解决不了问题，因为MCU是需要编程和写码的，在没办法找到原厂的AD驱动板替换的情况下，我们只能用通用A/D驱动板代换如151D或161B等。

显示屏黑屏，无背光，电源灯绿灯常亮

斜视液晶屏有显示图像，是因为MCU问题造成没有输出开关控制电压，可以直接提取3端稳压块的。

(AIC1084)3.3V代替，修理高压板的思路(电源保险丝--开关控制管--电源管理IC--推挽发大管--电源开关管--DA转换电路(储能电感整流管)--LC升压电路(升压变压器、升压电容)--耦合电容--灯管。

屏幕亮线，亮带或者是暗线

这种问题，一般是液晶屏的故障。

亮线故障一般是连接液晶屏本体的排线出了问题或者某行和列的驱动IC损坏

暗线一般是屏的本体有漏电，或者TAB柔性板连线开路以上两种问题基本上就是给机器判了死刑了，没有维修价值的，因为一块屏的价格太高了。(广州有专门更换码片的，收费极高，返修率也高)。

花屏或者是白屏

这种问题一般是屏的驱动电压出了问题，先换驱动板和驱屏线试验，若不行检查屏背板供电电路。

维修思路：驱动板5V转3.3V的稳压块(AIC1084)是否有供电输出--屏体驱动板保险丝(F)-3.3V--DC转换电路--负压形成IC(-7V)--行列驱动IC。

AAT1101AM150XN05屏电源管理芯片，损坏后表现为白屏开机图像暗淡等。

AAT1164M170EG01新款屏通病，主要用在明基FP71G+液晶显示器上面。用一段时间会白屏、关机在开用一段时间又出现白屏。本芯片为液晶屏高压产生及管理芯片、明基液晶显示器常坏、故障为：白屏。

偏色故障

一般可以进入工厂调整模式进行调整。

维修思路：更换屏线和转接板--重写驱动程序--驱动板坏(不常见)--屏背板的控制IC坏(不常见)--拔掉屏线观察背光颜色(背光偏色为灯管老化)--换灯管。

字符虚或拖尾

维修思路：检查VGA信号线，重点看RGB三色线的地线是否连接正常--更换屏线或转接板--重写驱动程序--换驱动板--LCD屏背板信号接口 IC坏--LCD屏背板对比度电位器调整--LCD屏导光板错位--偏光片错位。

LCD屏幕内部有污点

维修思路：擦拭或更换换保护膜--拆开屏体清洗外层偏光片和有机玻璃(用棉球纯净水处理)--风筒吹干。

LCD屏漏光或光线不均

维修思路:重新安装灯管--调整导光板。

LCD屏亮点

一个或二个大的亮点，可以尝试轻轻用指尖压亮点，可消失,说明多为此像素的开关管和电极虚连小的黑点和灰点有可能是内部导光板或偏光片有灰尘造成可清洗处理。

LCD屏亮度低

检查高压板ADJ亮度调节电路--换灯管--换高压板---调整或更换导光板。

错误提示超出频率范围

检查信号线--重写MCU驱动程序--更换EPROM--重写EPROM程序--换驱动板。

通电后不按开关按键即白屏，出现背光按键后图像可正常显示

高压板接口的开关信号和ADJ信号反接造成部分属于驱动板MCU的开关信号输出不正常，可以重写MCU程序修复--换MCU。

补充一点，对于灯管老化的屏更换时要搞清灯管的尺寸，因为尽管屏幕尺寸一样，但是灯管长度与粗细略有差异，在找不到相同尺寸灯管的时候，如果能用短灯则好，如果不能使用，稍长的的灯管用手术刀小心切除屏框，并用热缩管做好绝缘。

注意事项

电视机是有电高压的一种电器，维修时有关的安全问题一定要注意。

1、打开机壳：要注意不能用蛮力打开机壳，如果太紧打不开，一定是还有螺钉或卡扣没有松开，要再仔细找找；拉开机壳时有的电视机电路板与机壳之间会有电线相连，要注意不要拉坏，比较好先折下机壳上固定的电路板；拉开机壳时要拿稳机壳，不要脱手掉下，否则容易砸到显像管管径，一旦砸断可就麻烦了。

2、要注意电视机的“热地”：有的电视机的电路板的地是“热地”，就是与市电没有隔离，如果恰巧电视机的电源插头又将未隔离的电视机的“地”端插到市电的“火”线上，那么维修时如果你不小心碰到电视机的某个接“地”的部分，就有触电的危险。一方面触电本身很危险，另一方面人在触电时身体会发生不由自主的痉挛，一旦把电视机拉到地上，就又出大麻烦了。解决这个问题比较好是用隔离变压器，如果没有，比较好在电视机通电时能调整好插头方向，使电视机的“地”接到市电的“零”线上，这样可以使电视机比较容易碰到的地方不“电”人，但是电视机里还是有与“火”线相连的强电的，仍然要小心。

3、要注意电视机内的高压：在更换行输出变压器的时候，一定要用万用表笔或其它导线将显像管高压帽下的高压泄放干净，否则在摘下高压连线时会受到高压电击，同样比较危险。

如何保养

1、保持干燥

放置的中央，环境要保持干燥并远离化学药品。假如放置环境湿度很大，电器内部就会结露，容易形成漏电、短路等。平常使用的发胶、灭蚊剂等都是高挥发性化学品，也会对液晶显现屏形成损伤。

2、亮度调低

日常使用，尽量防止长时间显现同一张画面。长时间工作容易惹起内部老化或烧坏，特别糟糕的是长时间内显现同一画面，可能会招致某些像素过热，形成内部产生坏点。而这种损坏不能修复。因而不用时应该关闭显现屏或选择屏幕保护程序，或者把显现屏亮度调低点。

3、不能频繁清洗

液晶显现屏不能频繁清洗。正确的清洁办法是拿一块沾有少许玻璃清洁剂的屏幕擦布，轻力把污迹擦去。注意不要让清洁剂流到屏幕、屏框接口中，以免出现短路。也不要用硬质毛巾擦洗，以免刮花屏幕。还要定时定量擦洗。

4、制止坏习气

杜绝使用坏习气。不要用手对屏幕指指点点。此外变压器电压很高，不要在带电的状况下翻开屏的后盖。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自从液晶电视上市以来，逐渐受到了人们的喜爱，很多人家里都安装了液晶电视。和普遍的电视机相比，液晶电视比较省电、较为环保。但是对于电器来说，使用久了，出现故障也在所难免，那么该如何维修呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WW8Ide2aGoiCgsxk5encV6gvnkh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zg4sdAmW0oa0Gsx50oLcYGQdnbR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"组成结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2qyduGcyoGOuAxkbcycCbuBnlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"液晶电视机的组成原理，大体有4个主要功能模块电源板，电视主板，逻辑板，背光模块，以及屏线，遥控器，按键输入和喇叭输出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YqSOdSGksoKCkkxgjdpc8VC0nEd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":547,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"组成结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d49597eb3f2f458fb1aacdb8bcdbef9c","width":600},"text":"","id":"KIuGduc4Yo64sGxgDHGcyS0Hnog"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电源板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NCcadCGASoIKKaxI1gYcygzZnoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":382,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电源板","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33c208a51667444093165fd7f535bdad","width":640},"text":"","id":"N8OodMuAWo6Y0kxgTEac2Ntdnic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顾名思义，电源板负责整台电视的供电。功能好比人的心脏，给人全身输送能量。如果电源板坏了，就像人的心脏停止跳动，电视机自然就不能工作了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E2y2dAoKqo22aoxkhhmcxKcinxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多黑屏，背光不亮，指示灯不亮，遥控按键不起作用等现象都是因为电源板故障引起。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6S2dK66Uos0mCx6PqTc7rRPnIe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电视主板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Om6gd4siSo44U6xyplZcfDDQnzX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电视主板是整个电视机控制的核心，也可以说是电视的大脑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQWQd2WKgoEWIExa0EecUNIln8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果电视主板出现问题，可能导致指示灯不亮、或者指示灯颜色异常、遥控按键无响应、黑屏、花屏等现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OyS4dCMsKoCkwSx8w6qcWrSFnCc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"逻辑板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BAA0dYS4ko8GaExOAlwcSMQzn3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"逻辑板","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6a2ec3b6487a474bb0572cd6b41a6a41","width":476},"text":"","id":"ZgksdK60koWCCuxANPMcX2Ijnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GKWadUmOWoQK6cxQbUoclY8cn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"逻辑板也称TCON板，是信号中转站。负责将主板的LVDS信号转换成屏能处理的TCON信号。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AQKCd4EUoooEGwxwV6EcWW8EnVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果TCON坏了，可能导致画面黑屏，花屏，条纹干扰，屏闪，屏保等异常现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nwyud4k2moy8w0xMfDUcsxd2nYf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"背光模块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W0iudm0eMosGogxEnR0cFf7unhh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":376,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"背光模块","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f0a58b74bfb149388085b7d3c065f517","width":640},"text":"","id":"DkCCdyq0eoGMsWxGg10cl1h3nue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背光模块的功能是给电视机显示提供背光光源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XgqgdA6eSoamscxGkTEcrEuhn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果电视背光不亮，很有可能是背光模块出现了问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEMsdQsKaoEuyGxMx62cer6vn8d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LVDS信号线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KesmdsScsoMkAaxUZkacXFfanwf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":174,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LVDS信号线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f2f5112c462f4d7689d15cca1b1d7274","width":288},"text":"","id":"IG2edW4gAoimeMx1qfDc7n8EnbS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QM0odQQqaoIgYkxmu1Nc6e2hn7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"屏线，又称差分信号线。如果接口松动，接触不良，很容易导致黑屏，雪花点干扰，花屏等异常现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EcUMdCeuMoMgs8x2v7Nc6yronId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：4K电视，因为数据量大，LVDS信号线已无法满足传输要求，一般都采用V-BY-ONE的信号线传输。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HwyGdSIWkoKoiUx06WXcQbkUnOc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"遥控接收头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D8OCduQagoGUkmxCK1hc1UlanHg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":386,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"遥控接收头","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81b73b4097b34fa7bd7d91fc61b8ffbe","width":640},"text":"","id":"K2iYdKsC6oggeMxOInhcnIq1nCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遥控接收头，也称IR，负责接收遥控器的红外控制信号。如果按遥控器没有反应，可能是遥控接收头出现问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EUckd0E8woqg2ixQZxYcNcumn3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"按键板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CeAEdImqSoAkwIxYFN6c7Mrpnfh"},{"type":"image"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被冲掉可能会导致不开机。还有就是MCU本身损坏，比如说MCU的I/O口损坏，使MCU扫描不了按键，遇到这种由MCU引起的故障，找硬件的问题是没有用的，就算你换了MCU也解决不了问题，因为MCU是需要编程和写码的，在没办法找到原厂的AD驱动板替换的情况下，我们只能用通用A/D驱动板代换如151D或161B等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WEKKdMm82oO0AOxmijgcGJ82nCg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":718,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"显示器整机无电","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6877eef394f0460391549cc7950ff2b9","width":1077},"text":"","id":"TemOdY8o8ooCscxC4v0cctYNnJe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示屏黑屏，无背光，电源灯绿灯常亮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScwmdYC2soiC0Uxy0AScaYgon7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜视液晶屏有显示图像，是因为MCU问题造成没有输出开关控制电压，可以直接提取3端稳压块的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DcCAd0sWyoUm0WxzWWcclrOVnIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(AIC1084)3.3V代替，修理高压板的思路(电源保险丝--开关控制管--电源管理IC--推挽发大管--电源开关管--DA转换电路(储能电感整流管)--LC升压电路(升压变压器、升压电容)--耦合电容--灯管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GUWGd8kEoo68ewx80Iqc5gxsntc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"显示屏黑屏，无背光，电源灯绿灯常亮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/28d1d08e0d744012a98d93b2b825562d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"MsYyd8kKIoYUAsxWIPDcYNDFnKb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"屏幕亮线，亮带或者是暗线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOYgdaWOwoggwoxohgqc5uwvn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种问题，一般是液晶屏的故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J04udMScEogEgixag7UcHcR4nyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"亮线故障一般是连接液晶屏本体的排线出了问题或者某行和列的驱动IC损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AcEAdaQkIoUY4OxY585cDxs6n4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暗线一般是屏的本体有漏电，或者TAB柔性板连线开路以上两种问题基本上就是给机器判了死刑了，没有维修价值的，因为一块屏的价格太高了。(广州有专门更换码片的，收费极高，返修率也高)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWy8dsS2IoyCmqx2xcmc66POnFg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":2000,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"屏幕亮线，亮带或者是暗线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f8d9eb1e799a4641b7f7ba71179f73c8","width":3000},"text":"","id":"KY0Ad8EKooqioaxkZVwcJ31Unxf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"花屏或者是白屏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OA26d4yEeomOIAxOyyFc1I1anxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种问题一般是屏的驱动电压出了问题，先换驱动板和驱屏线试验，若不行检查屏背板供电电路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQiIdcoY0oyyKExqonxcIxPVnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"维修思路：驱动板5V转3.3V的稳压块(AIC1084)是否有供电输出--屏体驱动板保险丝(F)-3.3V--DC转换电路--负压形成IC(-7V)--行列驱动IC。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwSgdaAkgoEwGuxQt1GcFIwRnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AAT1101AM150XN05屏电源管理芯片，损坏后表现为白屏开机图像暗淡等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W8YwdySA4ogUMCxWAF3chxuOnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AAT1164M170EG01新款屏通病，主要用在明基FP71G+液晶显示器上面。用一段时间会白屏、关机在开用一段时间又出现白屏。本芯片为液晶屏高压产生及管理芯片、明基液晶显示器常坏、故障为：白屏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F6UcdsIaYoigw4xhXQYcSTbtnA4"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"花屏或者是白屏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0382d695e62249e48ce88ddd45e7eab2","width":1080},"text":"","id":"PECGdywYoouQEqxcjYVcjWO4nsg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"偏色故障","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUakdWow4oC0AYx8TxNcdEFKn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般可以进入工厂调整模式进行调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KAwwd8GmcoMgQoxJOl6cUuWingX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"维修思路：更换屏线和转接板--重写驱动程序--驱动板坏(不常见)--屏背板的控制IC坏(不常见)--拔掉屏线观察背光颜色(","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"背光偏色","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"为灯管老化)--换灯管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OE2EdwMqAo22G0x2hsKcJpSYnYf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":595,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"偏色故障","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/682812f3a52745ab9015c2bdb8a8ffca","width":892},"text":"","id":"R2aAd6qASoCwSqx2DfncS7VlnFb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字符虚或拖尾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QS0Ydw8IkomMO0xQDMicNxRVnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"维修思路：检查VGA信号线，重点看RGB三色线的地线是否连接正常--更换屏线或转接板--重写驱动程序--换驱动板--LCD屏背板信号接口 IC坏--LCD屏背板对比度电位器调整--LCD屏导光板错位--偏光片错位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0KUdse84ouMuQxGGovcCqUWnHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字符虚或拖尾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/49e51c98340e47e8b7bfb8076eb3684a","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Dyu2dmkEsoSiimxyOIScRdQ8nHh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏幕内部有污点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WIyKdkuCuoI2MqxSkyZcRKEcnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"维修思路：擦拭或更换换保护膜--拆开屏体清洗外层偏光片和有机玻璃(用棉球纯净水处理)--风筒吹干。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ygi2dkiY4oO6sExAXsycPzo6nSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":746,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏幕内部有污点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3411022d6b21474aa77b1f139bcb0fcf","width":1119},"text":"","id":"EAUGdQi4yoaaY4xEFqIcBxQrnKd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏漏光或光线不均","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O4KWdaCcio8gqGxuGtWcl6ktnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"维修思路:重新安装灯管--调整导光板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EgYMdOAgOosEU8xu8BJclmLjnqg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏漏光或光线不均","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4f1fae90dd7f4885875a98b12d344c37","width":862},"text":"","id":"KaA2dmCEQocMuwxaEhlcgUhwnKd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏亮点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RQE0dwIycoAK2ax2hmVc4DIWn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一个或二个大的亮点，可以尝试轻轻用指尖压亮点，可消失,说明多为此像素的开关管和电极虚连小的黑点和灰点有可能是内部导光板或偏光片有灰尘造成可清洗处理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BCQUdoykSoGQcAxh5gQcr7XenxI"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏亮点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39e02217bd5d47d88ba8642545866e1b","width":1080},"text":"","id":"CEgKd8sgWosqEmxG8gBcswkynme"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏亮度低","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOQmdYWuioG6KExmKzJcaD6anVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"检查高压板ADJ亮度调节电路--换灯管--换高压板---调整或更换导光板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PIgCdkW6eoKeEAxA1K6cYRjknzh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"LCD屏亮度低","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2f309cae5554291ad52f0a37e78fa36","width":1080},"text":"","id":"PMYMdWGmqoKiQMxUzJ5cZG7bnBf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"错误提示超出频率范围","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UKkGdaY0UoYoeKx0AVLcATRRnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"检查信号线--重写MCU驱动程序--更换EPROM--重写EPROM程序--换驱动板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAEMd8Mywom02Ox6f52cPjNondb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"错误提示超出频率范围","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ddcfcfe2eef44b059d28fdf4aff6f628","width":1024},"text":"","id":"QoYidAMsMo2gk4xye2Bchj7nn0f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"通电后不按开关按键即白屏，出现背光按键后图像可正常显示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OqYsdU2e6oCMuuxGCkRcnqnpnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高压板接口的开关信号和ADJ信号反接造成部分属于驱动板MCU的开关信号输出不正常，可以重写MCU程序修复--换MCU。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UOw0dACO4oKkYIxeQAFcx3sfnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"补充一点，对于灯管老化的屏更换时要搞清灯管的尺寸，因为尽管屏幕尺寸一样，但是灯管长度与粗细略有差异，在找不到相同尺寸灯管的时候，如果能用短灯则好，如果不能使用，稍长的的灯管用手术刀小心切除屏框，并用热缩管做好绝缘。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UyU8dEUCaoUWygxc98xcWNPknee"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":483,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"通电后不按开关按键即白屏，出现背光按键后图像可正常显示","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e69eef55771b48e7bbf6ebcdc5b0165c","width":725},"text":"","id":"FkEQdQikyouEcMx2xS3chyPon8d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GAsmd4agGouIk2x43LCc4WoTnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电视机是有电高压的一种电器，维修时有关的安全问题一定要注意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YCaIdiMsSogi28xUdokcdns6nng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、打开机壳：要注意不能用蛮力打开机壳，如果太紧打不开，一定是还有螺钉或卡扣没有松开，要再仔细找找；拉开机壳时有的电视机电路板与机壳之间会有电线相连，要注意不要拉坏，比较好先折下机壳上固定的电路板；拉开机壳时要拿稳机壳，不要脱手掉下，否则容易砸到显像管管径，一旦砸断可就麻烦了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RG2KdeSkco0eAKxIN1TcdXBFneg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":888,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3541dbd8ad7a44cab04154722ed2ea1b","width":1332},"text":"","id":"HcUGdoY4GoEOYxxSOaVcjAjbnio"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、要注意电视机的“热地”：有的电视机的电路板的地是“热地”，就是与市电没有隔离，如果恰巧电视机的电源插头又将未隔离的电视机的“地”端插到市电的“火”线上，那么维修时如果你不小心碰到电视机的某个接“地”的部分，就有触电的危险。一方面触电本身很危险，另一方面人在触电时身体会发生不由自主的痉挛，一旦把电视机拉到地上，就又出大麻烦了。解决这个问题比较好是用隔离变压器，如果没有，比较好在电视机通电时能调整好插头方向，使电视机的“地”接到市电的“零”线上，这样可以使电视机比较容易碰到的地方不“电”人，但是电视机里还是有与“火”线相连的强电的，仍然要小心。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YEMOdOAAwomg86xkPm3cBlyqnEe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e970d754d0ab4531b80dbfe870179d92","width":1024},"text":"","id":"SeQOdeAgUoYeucxXA1NcWhdHniE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、要注意电视机内的高压：在更换行输出变压器的时候，一定要用万用表笔或其它导线将显像管高压帽下的高压泄放干净，否则在摘下高压连线时会受到高压电击，同样比较危险。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TE2WdG8MgoUkOUxUDBNcZVgnnLV"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3d725834cf604f28a031e3d43eccc47f","width":1024},"text":"","id":"KeMGdIuYioCEyGxWMP9c3GeTnqh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z6QEdMcCuoamSqxUh4rcvQvEnSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、保持干燥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uq6qdkaMyoi0AgxobSVcuh03nhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"放置的中央，环境要保持干燥并远离化学药品。假如放置环境湿度很大，电器内部就会结露，容易形成漏电、短路等。平常使用的发胶、灭蚊剂等都是高挥发性化学品，也会对液晶显现屏形成损伤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQkMdwWcSoSIqmxCen9cYGrQnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、亮度调低","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GmA2dmAcQoIgS6xcTwycWgUXn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"日常使用，尽量防止长时间显现同一张画面。长时间工作容易惹起内部老化或烧坏，特别糟糕的是长时间内显现同一画面，可能会招致某些像素过热，形成内部产生坏点。而这种损坏不能修复。因而不用时应该关闭显现屏或选择屏幕保护程序，或者把显现屏亮度调低点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeyYdg6moo2qSwxAdYKchuc0nRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、不能频繁清洗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N848dWgAmomgIOxk7BLcs9wcnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"液晶显现屏不能频繁清洗。正确的清洁办法是拿一块沾有少许玻璃清洁剂的屏幕擦布，轻力把污迹擦去。注意不要让清洁剂流到屏幕、屏框接口中，以免出现短路。也不要用硬质毛巾擦洗，以免刮花屏幕。还要定时定量擦洗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HcMadkiiooWOkcxKaNackUibnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、制止坏习气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UquIdAgkYoM22axczmCckeQ6nzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"杜绝使用坏习气。不要用手对屏幕指指点点。此外变压器电压很高，不要在带电的状况下翻开屏的后盖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IEuGdMIkUo68QoxmAQdcM5DWnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I8mydKKoWoei8exM3hYcwT4BnJc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

5. jp25消防车

　　法师25级可以使用诱惑之光技能有机率诱惑到巨型多角虫。　　法师可以诱惑的怪物有：鸡、鹿、钉耙猫、半兽人、半兽勇士、黑色恶蛆、钳虫、蜈蚣、多角虫、巨型多角虫、楔蛾、牛头魔、魔龙血蛙、虎卫、鹰卫等。　　以上答案仅供参考，请以实际情况为准。