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随着计算机应用技术的飞速发展，计算机辅助设计已经成为现代工业设计的重要组成部分，AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点，它已被广泛应用于机械设计，建筑设计，电子等图形设计领域，那么怎样才能学习好AutoCAD绘图呢？

学前准备

CAD软件选择

在正式学习之前，我们先要做一步准备工作，就是找到一款属于自己的CAD软件。

虽然现在市面上CAD有很多盗版可以使用，但是建议大家使用正版的CAD软件，一是设计者都应该有支持正版的意识，另一方面就是正版软件会减少很多后顾之忧，相对来说会更加安全。

建议可以选择CAD2004、CAD2007等，这些老一点的版本是经过多次修正过的，在技术、用户体验方面要比新的版本好用。

认识操作界面

关于【应用程序菜单】

用于访问“应用程序”菜单中的常用工具以启动或发布文件。

单击“应用程序”按钮，以执行以下操作：

1、创建、打开或保存文件；

2、核查、修复和清除文件；

3、打印或发布文件；

4、访问“选项”对话框；

5、关闭应用程序；

注：也可以通过双击“应用程序”按钮关闭应用程序。

关于【快速访问工具栏】

使用“快速访问”工具栏显示经常使用的工具。

【查看放弃和重做历史记录】与大多数程序一样，“快速访问”工具栏会显示用于放弃和重做对工作所做更改的选项。要放弃或重做不是最新的修改，请单击“放弃”或“重做”按钮右侧的下拉按钮。

【添加命令和控件】通过单击指示的下拉按钮并单击下拉菜单中的选项，可轻松将常用工具添加到“快速访问”工具栏。

注：要快速将功能区按钮添加到“快速访问”工具栏，请在功能区的任何按钮上单击鼠标右键，然后单击“添加到快速访问工具栏”。

关于【功能区】

功能区按逻辑分组来进行工具排序。功能区由多个功能选项卡组成，每点击一个选项卡，下方则会对应展示出一个功能面板，面板包括了对创建和修改图形需要的工具。

【功能区选项卡和面板】功能区由一系列选项卡组成，这些选项卡被组织到面板，其中包含很多工具栏中可用的工具和控件。

一些功能区面板提供了对与该面板相关的对话框的访问。要显示相关的对话框，请单击面板右下角处由箭头图标表示的对话框启动器。

注：您可以控制显示哪些功能区选项卡和面板。在功能区上单击鼠标右键，然后单击或清除快捷菜单上列出的选项卡或面板的名称。如下图：显示和隐藏【默认选项卡】

【浮动面板】您可以将面板从功能区选项卡中拉出，并放到绘图区域中或其他监视器上。浮动面板将一直处于打开状态（即使切换功能区选项卡），直到您将其放回到功能区。

【滑出式面板】如果您单击面板标题中间的箭头，面板将展开以显示其他工具和控件。默认情况下，当您单击其他面板时，滑出式面板将自动关闭。要使面板保持展开状态，请单击滑出式面板左下角的图钉图标。

关于【命令栏】

程序的核心部分是“命令”窗口，它通常固定在应用程序窗口的底部。“命令”窗口可显示提示、选项和消息。

您可以直接在“命令”窗口中输入命令，而不使用功能区、工具栏和菜单。许多长期用户更喜欢使用此方法。

注：开始键入命令时，它会自动完成。当提供了多个可能的命令时，您可以通过单击或使用箭头键并按Enter键或空格键来进行选择。

关于【状态栏】

名词解释：状态栏显示光标位置、绘图工具以及会影响绘图环境的工具。

状态栏提供对某些最常用的绘图工具的快速访问。您可以切换设置（例如，夹点、捕捉、极轴追踪和对象捕捉）。您也可以通过单击某些工具的下拉箭头，来访问它们的其他设置。

注：默认情况下，不会显示所有工具，您可以通过状态栏上最右侧的按钮，选择您要从“自定义”菜单显示的工具。状态栏上显示的工具可能会发生变化，具体取决于当前的工作空间以及当前显示的是“模型”选项卡还是布局选项卡。

您还可以使用键盘上的功能键(F1–F12)，切换其中某些设置。

关于【快捷菜单】

名词解释：显示快速获取当前动作有关命令的快捷菜单。在屏幕的不同区域内单击鼠标右键时，可以显示快捷菜单。快捷菜单上通常包含以下选项：

1、重复执行输入的上一个命令；

2、取消当前命令；

3、显示用户最近输入的命令的列表；

4、剪切、复制以及从剪贴板粘贴；

5、选择其他命令选项；

6、显示对话框，例如“选项”或“自定义”；

7、放弃输入的上一个命令；

显示快捷菜单的步骤

在图形中的对象或区域、菜单中的按钮或功能区中单击鼠标右键。

在绘图区域，单击鼠标右键

在某些定点设备上，可能需要按住相应的按钮。注：显示与光标位置相关的快捷菜单。

学习步骤

学习CAD制图，我们从浅入深可分3个阶段进行。

掌握基础操作

熟悉CAD的绘图命令、掌握CAD软件操作逻辑。这就像我们学认字、写字一样，先掌握基础的笔画、笔顺开始。

制图常用的基本命令1

CAD绘图命令：

CAD修改命令：

CAD尺寸标注命令：

视窗缩放：

对象特性：

常用CTRL快捷键：

常用功能键：

制图常用的基本命令2

1、绘图栏上数下第一命令是——直线，快捷键L，不分大小写。直线命令是我们最常用的命令，也是绘图的基础中的基础。若要绘制直线，请单击“直线”工具；

在绘图区域用鼠标左键单击一次，其目的是为了指定直线线段的第一个起点；松开鼠标，往任意方向拖动，线段会跟着拖动幅度变长变短；

这时，我们会看见直线的旁边有一个白色的输入框，里面的数值会随着我们的拖动幅度而变化，这里面的数值代表是直线的长度，我们可以在里面输入任意数值确定直线长度，然后按Enter或者空格键完成一条直线的绘制。

2、第二个命令是——构造线。快捷键XL，它是为下一步的复制，镜象等作为基准的直线，虚线不属于图的轮廓线，一般是作为图形某一点为中心的轴线。若要绘制构造线，方法如下：

在绘图工具中点击构造线工具。

依次在绘图板中点击一下鼠标可见构造线。

3、第三个命令是——多段线。快捷键PL，它由多条线段(可以是直线，也可以是弧线)组成一个整体的线段。如想选中该线段中的一部分，必须先将其分解。平常作图经常用到，就连做地形图时也需要它，所以是很重要的命令。

要绘制多段线，输入多段线命令敲击多段线命令PL，敲击空格键。

绘制多段线在CAD绘图区指定直线的起点，输入多段线的长度，敲击空格键即可。

4、第四个命令是——正多边形。快捷键POL，顾名思义是可以绘制多边形，点击命令，输入边的数量，然后选择内切圆或者外切圆，就可以绘制了。绘制步骤如下：

1/5要绘制正多边形，需要输入命令：“POL”-“空格”，也可以在顶部的选项卡中找相应的按钮点击，但是有点麻烦。

2/5命令行这个时候会提醒你：输入侧面数。这个侧面数的意思，就是多边形的边数，几个侧面，就是几边形。这里输入6。

3/5接下来就是按照提示：指定多边形的中心，这个应该好理解，可以通过鼠标点选，或者键盘输入坐标的方式来指定中心。

4/5命令行提示：内接于圆，或者外切于圆。因为AutoCAD表征多变形的特征是通过内接圆/外切圆的直径来的，所以这里要指明。我们选外切圆。

5/5这个时候，就需要指定外切圆的直径了，我们通过鼠标点选的方式来完成指定，就可以绘出正六边形了。

5、第五个命令是——矩形。快捷键REC，可以快速绘制出矩形宽，这个也是很常用的一个命令。

在功能区单击矩形按钮，然后再绘图区域任意处点击，确定矩形的一个角点，然后拖动鼠标，在任意处点击，确定第二个角点位置，这时矩形就绘制完成了。

6、第六个命令是——圆弧。快捷键ARC，绘制圆弧命令可以快速画出弧线，示意门之类的地方很常用。

首先打开软件，然后在命令行输入快捷键命令：ARC，按回车键确认，根据命令行提示在绘图区域指定圆弧的起点或 [圆心(C)]，接着继续指定圆弧的第二个点或[圆心(C)/端点(E)]，即可完成圆弧的绘制了。如下图所示：

背诵秘籍口诀

1、想到直线就用L+空格

2、想到圆就用C+空格

3、想到圆弧就用A+空格

4、想到矩形就用REC+空格

5、想到点就用PO+空格

6、想到单行文本就用DT

7、想到多行文本就用MT

8、想到填充就用H

9、想到线段延伸到某一线段就用EX+空格

10、想到矩形倒圆角就用F+空格

11、想到修剪绘图过程中多余的线就用TR+空格

12、想到修改文本就用ED+空格

13、想到移动就用M+空格;

14、想到旋转就用RO+空格

15、想到偏移就用O+空格

16、想到镜像就用MI+空格

17、想到复制就用CO+空格

18、想到局部观察平面图细节就用Z+空格

19、想到实时缩放放大镜就用Z+空格+空格

20、想到平移视图就用P+空格

21、想到平移视图平移视图就用P+空格

22、想到返回上一视图就用Z+空格+P+空格

23、想到全局显示自己绘的平面图就用Z+空格+A+空格

24、想到打印文件就用CTRL＋P

25、想到复制，就用CTRL＋C

26、想到粘贴就用CTRL＋V

27、想到剪切就用，CTRL＋X代表

28、想到新建文件就用CTRL＋N

29、想到寻求帮助时，就用F1

30、想到正交就用F8

31、想到打开和关闭对象捕捉工具就用F3

32、想到直线标注就用DLI+空格

33、想到调整文字样式就用ST+空格

34、想到重新生成就用R+E+空格

35、想要设置捕捉模式就用OS+空格

36、想到重复上一次的操作就用ENTER

37、想到刷新就用RE+空格

38、想到取消正在执行的可用ESC

39、想到设置捕捉模式就用OS

40、想到旋转就用RO

41、想到计算面积就用AA

42、想到平移就用P+空格

43、想到最常用的标注快就用DLI

44、想到直线就用LINE

45、想到圆就用C

46、想到偏移就用O

47、想到修改文本就用ed

基本操作逻辑

一、选择逻辑

如图，这里我绘制了一些直线、圆、矩形。单击其中的一个圆与一条直线，它们变成了被选中的状态。

但是如果元素特别多，那一个一个单击显然不现实，如下图请你一个个单击给我看。

这时候就要用到框选了。在CAD中，框选有两种形式，这里以下面的图为例来解释。

1是从左往右按住鼠标左键框选，此时选框呈蓝色，这种形式下只有框选的图形完全被框住才能被选中。

如图，我完全框住了前三条直线，但第四条没完全框住，此时被选中的只有前三条线。

2是从右往左按住鼠标左键框选，此时选框呈绿色，这种形式下只要接触到被框选的图形，它就会被选中。

同样的，我们从右往左框住前三条线，第四条线只框一半如图，此时即使第四条线没框全，但选框接触到它也能被选中了。

这里插一点，如果你框选以后想取消选择，只需按ESC即可。

如果你只想取消部分图形的选中状态，只需按住shift再将你想取消选择的图形进行框选（逻辑同样是上面两种形式），此时被框中的图形就会取消被选中的状态。

这样的两种框选模式看似简单，但学会实际运用它们是能大大提高你的画图效率的。

下面我举个简单的例子，如图，一个矩形中有许多交叉的直线。如果我只想选中直线的部分，而不想选中矩形怎么办？这里提供两种思路。

1、在矩形内部，从右往左进行框选使选框接触到所有直线，这样即使直线外部未被框柱，所有直线还是会被选中

2、先从左往右把所有元素选中，再按住shift从右往左框选，只接触到外部矩形的部分，将它取消选中状态。

二、键盘命令

取消、删除、撤销、重做。任何绘图软件都离不开以上四种操作，这里我将CAD这四种操作的快捷键告诉大家。

取消：ESC

删除：Delete

撤销：Ctrl+Z（撤销多步就多按几次）

重做：Ctrl+Y(重做一般与撤销搭配使用，如果你撤销多了一步，按重做会回到上一步)

三、鼠标中键

1、双击鼠标中键：显示全部图形对象。

2、按住鼠标中键拖动鼠标：移动图纸

此时十字光标会变成一只小手，你可以通过拖动鼠标来移动图纸。

3、滚动鼠标中键：缩放图纸。这个大家应该都懂，缩放图纸与上面的拖动图纸配合使用，方便你找到图形的位置。

4、命令栏

CAD这个软件，在我看来最重要的就是它的命令栏。

几乎你画在图上的一切东西都与它有关。首先它的位置在之前讲过，位于CAD界面的下方，共两栏。上面一栏表示已结束的命令，下面一栏表示现在的命令。

CAD的命令栏，就相当于一个你的助手，它会指引你做每一步操作。下面举个简单的例子。

如下图，首先我们选择CAD左侧绘图工具中的直线。（可直接键盘上输入L再按空格/回车）此时命令栏第二行提示指定第一个点。

我们在绘图区空白处单击一下，此时命令显示为指定下一点或放弃U。（由于这条线还没画完，此时第一栏并没有内容，即没有上一步命令）此时你再选绘图区另外一点，一条直线就画完了；如果你输入U，则放弃绘制这条直线。

而此时命令栏还是提示指定下一点或放弃。这里你有两种选择。1是单击空格/回车键，则线段绘制完毕。2是继续选择另一点，那么就会出现两条线。

此时命令栏的提示多了一项：闭合C。如果你键盘输入C，则两条线段头尾相接，不在一条直线上则形成三角形。

这里注意两点：

绘制完图形对象后，再单击空格或回车键，即可结束整个命令。如果你想重复上一次的命令，比如想继续画线段，只需再按下空格，会自动重复上一次指令。此时又要开始选择线段的第一个点……

以上牵扯到一个核心的操作逻辑。即CAD的命令栏在你选择完基础命令后一步步指引你进行操作，给你提供多种选择。

即使你对这个命令不熟悉，通过命令栏的提示你也能很快理解。例如刚才举的例子画线段，我们都知道两点确定一线段，因此CAD中绘制线段在命令栏中分两步，分别是确定两个点的位置。

5、状态栏

状态栏位于命令栏下方。

前半部分有一个坐标点的数据，它表示的是十字光标在绘图区的位置，而它的参照物是CAD绘图区的坐标原点，如下图。这里需要注意的是，Z轴的数字一般是0，因为我们主要是绘制平面上的图形。

状态栏重点在于后半部分的几个按钮，掌握它们，你的绘图效率会得到极大的提高。

1、首先说下捕捉模式和栅格显示

它们一般搭配使用，捕捉会自动捕捉最近的栅格点，栅格则是体现在绘图区会出现栅格网，这两个按钮我建议大家关掉，会对绘图的视线造成干扰，同时容易使光标闪烁。

2、接下来是正交模式

开启和关闭它的快捷键是键盘上的F8，经常会用到希望大家记住。

这个模式非常重要。如果你要画直线，希望直线横平竖直，即只在XY方向绘制，那么打开正交模式，所有画出来的线条都会在XY方向。与此相关的是其后的极轴模式。

就是通常的带角度的绘图模式，与正交模式相反。

3、对象捕捉，快捷键F3

这个模式可以极大极大极大极大提高绘图的效率，非常重要！这里先举个简单的例子。

当你绘制出了一个矩形，想选中的它的一个角点往上画别的东西，这个时候把对象捕捉模式打开，那么你会发现，当光标移动到矩形角点附近时，会在角点上出现一个绿色的小框。

此时如果你要再往上画个矩形，那么当你绘制时，你会发现矩形的角点自动吸附到了原矩形的角点上。

因此，对象捕捉模式就像一块磁铁，它能让光标自动吸附到一些特殊的点位上，不仅仅是端点角点。

这里鼠标右键单击对象捕捉，选择设置，里面提供了各种各样的特殊点和延长线等等。这里提醒下大家，千万别全部打开哦，不然会被各种磁铁吸来吸去，眼花缭乱反而降低效率。

4、对象捕捉追踪

设想你要画两条线段，希望它们不仅平行且头尾对齐，该怎么画？

如下图，当你开启对象捕捉追踪后，在绘制第二条线段的第二个点时，先将光标挪到第一条线段的端点上再慢慢往下挪动（不要单击，只是挪动），此时会出现一条绿色的虚线，它就像一把尺子一样能帮助你对齐。

这时将光标慢慢往下挪，单击即可绘制出端点对齐的两条线啦。

掌握绘图基本规范

这个包括标注样式、详图、剖图、引线规范等。这就像学会了写字，组词造句一样。

基本要求

1、所有设计室出的图纸都要配备图纸封皮、图纸说明、图纸目录。

A、图纸封皮须注明工程名称、图纸类别（施工图、竣工图、方案图）、制图日期。　

B、图纸说明须对工程进一步说明工程概况、工程名称、建设单位、施工单位、设计单位或建筑设计单位等。　

2、每张图纸须编制图名、图号、比例、时间。　

3、打印图纸按需要、比例出图。

常用制图方式

一、常用比例

1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:10

1:15、1:20、1:25、1:30、1:40、1:50、1:60、1:80

1:100、1:150、1:200、1:250、1:300、1:400、1:500

二、线型

1、粗实线：0.3mm

1)平、剖面图中被剖切的主要建筑构造的轮廓（建筑平面图）。　

2)室内外立面图的轮廓。　　

3)建筑装饰构造详图的建筑物表面线。

2、中实线：0.15-0.18mm　

1)平、剖面图中被剖切的次要建筑构造的轮廓线。　

2)室内外平顶、立、剖面图中建筑构配件的轮廓线。　　

3)建筑装饰构造详图及构配件详图中一般轮廓线。

3、细实线：0.1mm

填充线、尺寸线、尺寸界限、索引符号、标高符号、分格线。

4、细虚线：0.1-0.13mm　　

1)室内平面、顶面图中未剖切到的主要轮廓线。　　

2)建筑构造及建筑装饰构配件不可见的轮廓线。　　

3)拟扩建的建筑轮廓线。　

4)外开门立面图开门表示方式。

5、细点划线：0.1-0.13mm

中心线、对称线、定位轴线。

6、细折断线：0.1-0.13mm

不需画全的断开界线。

三、打印出图笔号1-10号线宽设置，选择打印，弹出的对话框的右上角有个笔形的图标，点击，出现各种颜色。

10号特粗线：1)立面地坪线2)索引剖切符号3)图标上线

4)索引图标中表示索引图在本图的短线

四、剖切索引符号

1、m：ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)

2、m：ø10mm(在A3、A4图纸)

3、特粗线到索引线为剖视方向

4、A：字高5mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)，字高4mm(在A3、A4图纸)

5、B-01：字高3mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)，字高2、5mm(在A3、A4图纸)

6、A为索引图号，B-01为索引图纸号，B-01为“”表示索引在本图

五、平、立面索引符号

1、m：ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)

2、m：ø10mm(在A3、A4图纸)

3、A1-A4：字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)

4、B-01--B-04：字高2、5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)

六、大样图索引

大样引出框

1、m：ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)

2、m：ø12mm(在A3、A4图纸)

3、A：字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)

4、B-01：字高2、5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)

七、图标

1、图名：字高7mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高5mm(在A3、A4图纸)

2、比例及英文图名：字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸）

八、文字注释

1、引出线为箭头或点，引出线为统一体，由标注命令引线制作。

2、文字说明：字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)。

九、标高符号

1、数字：字高2、5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)。

2、符号为等腰直角三角形。

3、数字以m计单位，小数点后留三位。

4、零点标高写成±0、000，正数标高不注“”，负数标高应注“-”。

5、同样位置不同标高标注。

十、轴线符号

1、n：ø10mm，字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)

2、n：ø8mm，字高3.5mm(在A3、A4图纸)

十一、尺寸符号

1、尺寸标注是尺寸为统一体，如需调整尺寸数字，可采用edit（ed）命令。

2、尺寸界线距标注物体2-3mm，第一道尺寸线距标注物体10-12mm，相邻的尺寸线间距7-10mm。

3、半径、直径标注时箭头样式为实心闭合箭头。

4、标注字高2.5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)。

5、标注文字距尺寸线1-1.5mm。

制图技巧

一、图层管理

1、一般制图分层

A、墙体层(WALL)；B、家具层(FURNITURE);C、填充层;D、窗层(WINDOW)；E、布置层;F、尺寸层(DIM)；G、文字层(TEXT);H、轴线层(DOTE)；轴线标注层(AXIS);J、分格层

制图时分清各层便于调整图纸，节省时间。

2、线条分色

制图时将墙体、家具、填充线、文字、分格线等线条颜色区分，便于在电脑显示时一目了然。

3、图框插入

按比例插入图框

首先制作1:1图框，将图框放大，与图比较看是否配合。如不配合缩放与之配合。如要作1:30的图框，第一次图框放大40后不合适，再次缩放输入3/4，即可得到1:30的图框B。

二、其他

1、CAD文件在从其他文件粘贴进来后，容易出现无用图层，可purge(pu)，清理无用图层。

2、文字的大小是根据图纸的比例变化的，如A3图纸，比例为1:50，注释文字打印出的尺寸应该是3mm，在文字制作时，文字尺寸大小输入150。

3、一套图中可能会有不同的比例，在按比例插完第一个图框后，遇到不同比例的图，应根据比例的大小缩放。如有一张图比例为1:50，是正确的，现在要给另一张图插图框，假设这张图要插1:40的图框那就复制1:50的图框，然后缩放输入4/5即得。文字的大小亦可采用这种办法。

4、同一个CAD界面下，如果打开多个CAD文件，可按着ctrl键点Tab键转换，浩辰CAD等可以直接在文件标签栏点文件名进行切换，最新的ACAD2014也加入了类似的功能。

5、在多重复制同一个物体时，可将这一物体作成图块，如果修改了任意一个图块参照，则其他同名图块也随之改变，如不建立图块，则每个都需要修改。

6、建立CAD文件时要有选择的将平面图、立面图、详图分为几个文件。

7、最好不要将图形都花在0层上，0层主要用来定义图块。定义图块时，先将所有图元均设置为0层（有特殊时除外），然后再定义块，这样，在插入块时，插入时是哪个层，块就是那个层了。

8、不能在DEFPOINTS层建立图元，此层默认是不打印的，在图层上的图形会打印不出来。

9、在CAD软件的使用过程中，虽然一直说是画图，但实际上大部分都是在编辑图。因为编辑图元可以大量减少绘制图元不准确的几率，并且可以在一定程度上提高效率。

10、在使用绘图命令时，一定要设置捕捉，F3切换。

11、在使用绘图和编辑命令时，大部分情况下，都要采用正交模式，F8切换。

12、图纸大小：A0—1194*840；A1—840*597；A2—597*420；A3—420*297；A4—297*210。

13、将CAD文件转化成位图文件：

第一种是在CAD的菜单中，选择“输出”，再选择bmp的后缀存储，可以把CAD的屏幕显示内容变成位图文件，但文件分辨率太小。

第二种是将CAD文件转化成为较大分辨率的位图文件。添加一个光栅图像如JPG、TGA、PNG等格式的虚拟打印机。

14、将EXCEL表格倒入CAD可以利用AutoXlsTable插件或是先将EXCEL表格复制，到CAD里的下拉编辑菜单的选择性粘贴即可得，到CAD后将表格炸开后即可CAD修改。

实战演练图纸设计

新手在学习CAD的时候，光掌握了CAD制图方法是不行的，还要勤于练习才行。找一些基础的练习图纸。

小白必备图纸

刚开始接触到CAD的小白，肯定不能上来就直接拿一些复杂结构图纸让他们练习，做任何事都要循序渐进。下面这几张图纸涵盖了CAD机械建筑练习图，以及房屋建筑类的练习图，是CAD小白必备的练习图纸。

基础练习图纸

基础的练习图纸，内容是由简单到复杂，由平面图形再到立体图形的绘制，可以逐步提升绘图能力，特别适合CAD初学者练习使用，下面放出部分的图纸供大家参考。

注意事项

1、学习CAD不要急于求成

CAD的学习过程讲究循序渐进，先了解绘图的基本知识，打好基础，再勤加练习，知识的吸收要由浅及深，由简到繁，这样学习起来不吃力，学习的兴趣也会大一点。

2、不要不遵循作图步骤

在进行CAD绘图的时候最好首先要设置好图幅大小，然后设置单位和精度，根据绘图对象建立好图层，设置好对象样式后才开始绘图。

3、绘图比例乱设置

在进行绘图的时候不要自己随心所欲的设置绘图比例，CAD绘图比例有很多，而每个比例都是科学设置的，最佳绘图比例是1:1，将绘图比例设置为1:1绝对不会错。

4、不要在0层上绘图

这一点是一定要注意的，因为0层是系统默认的图层，不能更名和删除，通常用作草稿图层或插入块，将图画在0层上容易导致图层混乱，不利于分层管理。5、不要把图框和图形画在同一副图中

绘图时如果需要运用到图框应当将图框以块的形式插入进图中，而不是直接画，直接画在后面打印图纸的时候容易出现错乱。

6、遇到问题不及时弄清楚

在绘图时因为操作的原因可能会出现很多问题，遇到问题一定要第一时间搞清楚，因为你记着记着可能就忘了。比如说画一张图，别人画的大小适中，而你画起来图形很小，有的甚至看不见，这可能是因为你没有设置绘图界限而导致的。

7、不设置线型比例

没有设置线型比例可能会导致你用虚线画线但画出来看起来就像是用实线画的，线型比例在设置的时候还要根据图形的尺寸来，如果图形尺寸特别小可以将图形比例设大一点，如果图形尺寸特别大可以将图形比例设小一点。

8、不标注工程信息

工程标注是工程的重要依据。在一幅工程图中工程标注是不可少的重要部分。在某些情况下，工程标注甚至比图形更重要。所以小伙伴们在绘图的时候一定不要忘了标注。

9、文字字体不规范

文字是CAD图纸不可缺少的一部分，如尺寸标注文字、图纸说明等，在标注的时候很多小伙伴都会用自己喜欢的字体，这样是错误的，规范的字体是“长仿宋体”。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"随着计算机应用技术的飞速发展，计算机辅助设计已经成为现代工业设计的重要组成部分，AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点，它已被广泛应用于机械设计，建筑设计，电子等图形设计领域，那么怎样才能学习好AutoCAD绘图呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KIgAdG2OEo42wyxkPBBcU7K4nPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKsSdimiMowKA6x67zpct5xHnNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD软件选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D26odu6mwo2gYSxymcecHxfAnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在正式学习之前，我们先要做一步准备工作，就是找到一款属于自己的CAD软件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqWydwE8cogAQcxCORjcfz5Gn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然现在市面上CAD有很多盗版可以使用，但是建议大家使用正版的CAD软件，一是设计者都应该有支持正版的意识，另一方面就是正版软件会减少很多后顾之忧，相对来说会更加安全。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BmwEd0m0AoGSC2xyGLUcQpRgnwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议可以选择CAD2004、CAD2007等，这些老一点的版本是经过多次修正过的，在技术、用户体验方面要比新的版本好用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiOUdYIGyoEEQkxGcY8cy1ZEnFc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识操作界面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8I4dsMcwo0iuCxoIV9c7PIQnOT"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【应用程序菜单】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IamidAsSaokou4xSKU6crmVInzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用于访问“应用程序”菜单中的常用工具以启动或发布文件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TkC4dGa2uoimwuxqGChck7gnnlf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":42,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【应用程序菜单】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ada696d2c64245ff82c70a0f69382991","width":42},"text":"","id":"JKgwduSCkosKiYxGWAacb86inOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击“应用程序”按钮，以执行以下操作：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JC4Md6YIIoyU8wx3aVLcJQHBns5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、创建、打开或保存文件；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6CEdSAqoo4eeExyQ9TcQYfDnXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、核查、修复和清除文件；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uw48d8qY8oaWI6x4uHbcjb3knAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、打印或发布文件；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ce0SdcKwyoK2aWx4gJwcfMUpnxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、访问“选项”对话框；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQwwdYIGUoYQMax46lucvxnpnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、关闭应用程序；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YYYMd6sGuoiCy4xeCXkc4b46n7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：也可以通过双击“应用程序”按钮关闭应用程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PI0AdMG8koQqOIxE62QcAzbJnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkuAduCceoumkUxMTt7c7Qstnqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用“快速访问”工具栏显示经常使用的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GmiwdQmgMogoQoxMtcycEobsnQb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":68,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2de7609a3b7e4a0dbf40e48883edb7ae","width":269},"text":"","id":"SOoWde4GSoO6eSxys9Sc1kPNnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【查看放弃和重做历史记录】与大多数程序一样，“快速访问”工具栏会显示用于放弃和重做对工作所做更改的选项。要放弃或重做不是最新的修改，请单击“放弃”或“重做”按钮右侧的下拉按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIoydUKsUokMKAxu4hCcZN4nnMf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":66,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7b1fef2898434ee9b95143e7aa5db00e","width":267},"text":"","id":"XwYud0YgwoG0AAxCUMhc1g8Jnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【添加命令和控件】通过单击指示的下拉按钮并单击下拉菜单中的选项，可轻松将常用工具添加到“快速访问”工具栏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LcacdKug0om0aGxMhYGc74j1nSd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":66,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/77ec98a6d98e4338a7f4a2bda0cef86d","width":269},"text":"","id":"Qmcwd66UMo2SiCxuIoLcb9U4njc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：要快速将功能区按钮添加到“快速访问”工具栏，请在功能区的任何按钮上单击鼠标右键，然后单击“添加到快速访问工具栏”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FaugdCwq0ogWIQxEzD2c2HednWf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快速访问工具栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432d259768a04f01936bfd8b22241608","width":243},"text":"","id":"MYQMd2aQeooUgUxqeEWcheCEnJg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqGgdomQAoWYAix6SvFccdBSnYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区按逻辑分组来进行工具排序。功能区由多个功能选项卡组成，每点击一个选项卡，下方则会对应展示出一个功能面板，面板包括了对创建和修改图形需要的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XQymd240Wom8CAxam5AcRk9knjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":123,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0256173d622b410db672492a9e27a1e8","width":1123},"text":"","id":"CgWud4aayoYaUWx4nY9c4tecnDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【功能区选项卡和面板】功能区由一系列选项卡组成，这些选项卡被组织到面板，其中包含很多工具栏中可用的工具和控件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUkudQCEKo80Mgx2zqMcLgOZnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":293,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c05ee3e047db45c693581fc80a403f44","width":1024},"text":"","id":"BECeduuEuoe2KwxkLdacgm8lnCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一些功能区面板提供了对与该面板相关的对话框的访问。要显示相关的对话框，请单击面板右下角处由箭头图标表示的对话框启动器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQIadi2cio80UixojTPcSlyhnyd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":191,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60ab16c433f147d6946d4ba3ad86bb02","width":380},"text":"","id":"CQqqdIYG2okiqaxGy0Gckvh6nRP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：您可以控制显示哪些功能区选项卡和面板。在功能区上单击鼠标右键，然后单击或清除快捷菜单上列出的选项卡或面板的名称。如下图：显示和隐藏【默认选项卡】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TegOdQK00oaQYGxczcfcQMB9nzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":725,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8c4676fdec2e41c68875c73611c4fdf8","width":1181},"text":"","id":"I8SAdQ0CIoqagkxaO8EcJyBwnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【浮动面板】您可以将面板从功能区选项卡中拉出，并放到绘图区域中或其他监视器上。浮动面板将一直处于打开状态（即使切换功能区选项卡），直到您将其放回到功能区。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SkK0dqAgCoMIw6x6hDcczdZLn8d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":119,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/274e834ef484469296a0c4db4999435c","width":354},"text":"","id":"BqoSdaSuAo6kiuxYFNHccLECnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【滑出式面板】如果您单击面板标题中间的箭头，面板将展开以显示其他工具和控件。默认情况下，当您单击其他面板时，滑出式面板将自动关闭。要使面板保持展开状态，请单击滑出式面板左下角的图钉图标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BIsEdGcUwo8Ie8xwzHbcQfP4nvf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":531,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【功能区】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bc74a44a938e4a0ebee2bd07058dfe5f","width":1024},"text":"","id":"SCAsdKwyYoQI4wxm4Pmc7nOpnMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【命令栏】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DYoydGGqAoM2CQx63cscF85Mnvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"程序的核心部分是“命令”窗口，它通常固定在应用程序窗口的底部。“命令”窗口可显示提示、选项和消息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmWKd6IAmoKYSuxuYclcVm2Vn7f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":48,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【命令栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a1a61c87e3ba45cca3d4f31d11de6305","width":440},"text":"","id":"XsG2dQsYCoqykuxGw1rcpNk6neh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"您可以直接在“命令”窗口中输入命令，而不使用功能区、工具栏和菜单。许多长期用户更喜欢使用此方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AgMed6CqIom4GuxsLKtczyN6ncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：开始键入命令时，它会自动完成。当提供了多个可能的命令时，您可以通过单击或使用箭头键并按Enter键或空格键来进行选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GwMwdIUwAoomayxMTbYcd1W5nQg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【状态栏】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EMGKdMMM4oukmKx2jhKcHju8n6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词解释：状态栏显示光标位置、绘图工具以及会影响绘图环境的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RwgGdqI08oUacwxMHYGcyOGGnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏提供对某些最常用的绘图工具的快速访问。您可以切换设置（例如，夹点、捕捉、极轴追踪和对象捕捉）。您也可以通过单击某些工具的下拉箭头，来访问它们的其他设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWyYdYMswoO4c8xYLQoc0c0NnMf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【状态栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0289ad8b0a9346f0bffb91efafd6a3d8","width":2330},"text":"","id":"Gc00d4A4goYygoxOK0fc0Tqfnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：默认情况下，不会显示所有工具，您可以通过状态栏上最右侧的按钮，选择您要从“自定义”菜单显示的工具。状态栏上显示的工具可能会发生变化，具体取决于当前的工作空间以及当前显示的是“模型”选项卡还是布局选项卡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Py4idgqqSoWYcKxGQBPcQmPlnvg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":64,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【状态栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee8c5ee7e72a40cda78f0e4ba3e571ca","width":527},"text":"","id":"BWeedcOo4o8GyWxM1HocnYQGnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"您还可以使用键盘上的功能键(F1–F12)，切换其中某些设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RCa2dKgysoewmIx4ELocRXssnnc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【状态栏】","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3487e9ca8fdd40acaeb08bd4a173ab8f","width":642},"text":"","id":"TwUEdo2mMomWmcxtFSPcyKZ9ndy"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于【快捷菜单】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z6KsdIuwYoaQ4kxyAH7cd3vqnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"名词解释：显示快速获取当前动作有关命令的快捷菜单。在屏幕的不同区域内单击鼠标右键时，可以显示快捷菜单。快捷菜单上通常包含以下选项：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GqA8dQCwSomimaxaQ5mcnOOXnJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、重复执行输入的上一个命令；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SWQudeYOUoYqgkxop4CcBkYCnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"t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[圆心(C)]，接着继续指定圆弧的第二个点或[圆心(C)/端点(E)]，即可完成圆弧的绘制了。如下图所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqG2dgEAgoaYw0xrBgTcuv3cnt8"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":641,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"制图常用的基本命令2","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d28443b65638464e80947ed86561d100","width":1024},"text":"","id":"JSoWducuIoGuoSxm4twc0JD9nXc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"背诵秘籍口诀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Dk8GdSKC0o6Woux0expcQbxKnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、想到直线就用L+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2asdCqQOoimuyxYPgJcFkdenah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、想到圆就用C+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsEodQ6AWoe04MxkzA2cYMjmnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、想到圆弧就用A+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqIcdUAMaoiSUcx2uxRcX6l8nUt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、想到矩形就用REC+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OiMwd4IAIomMeYxsjqzcYTyOnxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、想到点就用PO+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CYEadUmgIoWucmxAV7bcsWr8nDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、想到单行文本就用DT","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6OwdMqWsoIcIexyiSHcdD2hnYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、想到多行文本就用MT","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4UMdsog0oU6S2xuuQjcF4lIn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、想到填充就用H","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VuMidCigCoUUGCxUMducczA7nhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、想到线段延伸到某一线段就用EX+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2IOdMYYyouGYMxWeavcJUwsnqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、想到矩形倒圆角就用F+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGgidgaycoOAsSxA108cPJjtnah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、想到修剪绘图过程中多余的线就用TR+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEaEdCKAwoScMixu41HcPAVWnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、想到修改文本就用ED+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BYqQdIKaGo6WSPxxJoqc0onHnE8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、想到移动就用M+空格;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKYgdkQqWoowwGxIrO8cBf6znhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14、想到旋转就用RO+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GSCMdu4eeow2AQxM1prcQXoinOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"15、想到偏移就用O+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uu80dKCEgoYggYxodqPc8CvgnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"16、想到镜像就用MI+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UIYcdGWiso0YAEx2d6jcWtlWn0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"17、想到复制就用CO+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WKWed2E4yoogIixWQdFcBxHMnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"18、想到局部观察平面图细节就用Z+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N0oSdEgCioQKAAxUJujc8afknQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"19、想到实时缩放放大镜就用Z+空格+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEg2dys4So2QECxIqtccBtB1nyF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20、想到平移视图就用P+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GaSedyquWoq8A4xasfWcXFE8nud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"21、想到平移视图平移视图就用P+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ous8dwEGeomcosxkN9Kc6edEnyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"22、想到返回上一视图就用Z+空格+P+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ViKudCo4aoWAUIxUfXxcSuidnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"23、想到全局显示自己绘的平面图就用Z+空格+A+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VScGdgueeowU6cxOYBCcfU1HnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"24、想到打印文件就用CTRL＋P","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I20QdAe4MoM482xRIbEcvAyung5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"25、想到复制，就用CTRL＋C","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BWuEdc0cyoGOuaxQHmDcTMORnSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"26、想到粘贴就用CTRL＋V","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKIOdWM4QoqWySxicj6c4Ounnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"27、想到剪切就用，CTRL＋X代表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYK6duIMeoOKsWxQTgYcuIAwnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"28、想到新建文件就用CTRL＋N","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGcqdOU0EoqEqux8bjNc8XUonpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"29、想到寻求帮助时，就用F1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiEWdqg2youUemxSCNNcPPGynte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"30、想到正交就用F8","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6wEd4wUKoyQMixGOzoco5dIntb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"31、想到打开和关闭对象捕捉工具就用F3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PYSsdeiI8o40e6xcTl5cJAAmnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"32、想到直线标注就用DLI+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0k8dqyWcoo0sAxZl0Kcg5HmnH2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"33、想到调整文字样式就用ST+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EgCYdKOkiomagqxodUDcBQSunme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"34、想到重新生成就用R+E+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwmudIyGqoImWKxUNCmcyPNJnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"35、想要设置捕捉模式就用OS+空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkUadm6oAo4ie2xSgJ6cGwZ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trs":{"height":504,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/de0e63cfcf264058bc890fe5b1d873ad","width":1024},"text":"","id":"D42IdU2o0oc62qxemvdcIWnpnce"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":468,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/46ca082556724c8c8523422230dbe5f0","width":1024},"text":"","id":"LiEudYiqMoGEkux4bjsc6POdnrb"}],"text":"","id":"E460deiYkoMaGCxwrrtclePTnZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里插一点，如果你框选以后想取消选择，只需按ESC即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E460deiYkoMaGCxwrrtclePTnZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你只想取消部分图形的选中状态，只需按住shift再将你想取消选择的图形进行框选（逻辑同样是上面两种形式），此时被框中的图形就会取消被选中的状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCkMdWuugoAYCGxWEjZcBZtInwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这样的两种框选模式看似简单，但学会实际运用它们是能大大提高你的画图效率的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OyeEdWSmco2GauxSNBgcRYANnzH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面我举个简单的例子，如图，一个矩形中有许多交叉的直线。如果我只想选中直线的部分，而不想选中矩形怎么办？这里提供两种思路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MQ6CdQukkoSu6yxKUijcX18Mnrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":536,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55837732dd82475689f197f0d96f9154","width":1024},"text":"","id":"T8oOdQmmGowaCmxaB34cSymrnpH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在矩形内部，从右往左进行框选使选框接触到所有直线，这样即使直线外部未被框柱，所有直线还是会被选中","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EgsAdK4mwoMAKQx2jtkcpf6JnOh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":490,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7ec34ea64e85482da4bcdc2cd0aa5265","width":1024},"text":"","id":"NEQadaaoQog0QSxgzJBcvoeUnKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":556,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/484cc15f700a48fe89448a953ad7c3a6","width":1024},"text":"","id":"KYgYd048Ko6a4OxlblGcwaG4nFN"}],"text":"","id":"RGgKdCs4moK6YaxwR0mcXotUnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、先从左往右把所有元素选中，再按住shift从右往左框选，只接触到外部矩形的部分，将它取消选中状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGgKdCs4moK6YaxwR0mcXotUnog"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":588,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ab022f81dcc945e598d74e5316b6d993","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Rq8Cd24gUo2oAix67LucVXNFn1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":547,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d28583f1b83479e8f3f29e8f10715fc","width":1024},"text":"","id":"PmeIdyuOQoaeGoxmwOvcHS2bnIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":547,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d28583f1b83479e8f3f29e8f10715fc","width":1024},"text":"","id":"PmeIdyuOQoaeGoxmwOvcHS2bnIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":556,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34c9d1bc9a394e97b79fcf03e55972dd","width":1024},"text":"","id":"TOCkdg48io8cOEx2rLnc3w5HnTh"}],"text":"","id":"FEWCd4egsoS0C8xWQ3hcG96Yn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、键盘命令","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEWCd4egsoS0C8xWQ3hcG96Yn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"取消、删除、撤销、重做。任何绘图软件都离不开以上四种操作，这里我将CAD这四种操作的快捷键告诉大家。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CekcdS8cWosm68xenN9c6vlZnWk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"取消：ESC","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AKSqd4gSKoYQwwxyiiFca81fn6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除：Delete","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGmydmgqGoigKsxmq9jcFDxpnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤销：Ctrl+Z（撤销多步就多按几次）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VwOgdq8U6owAqQxJLcqc7tPSndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重做：Ctrl+Y(重做一般与撤销搭配使用，如果你撤销多了一步，按重做会回到上一步)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8sGd6w2soW6iExA9uSc4nLGnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、鼠标中键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0qWd8GC4ogUgGxU15fct1REnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、双击鼠标中键：显示全部图形对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B4uYdymeaoAmKoxaIxUcyQEAn3e"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":457,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fca57e97ffef49f0bf63665bf77a0c16","width":1080},"text":"","id":"Sua0dckEko0W8Uxo34ZcjCn0nDe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":425,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ef8ad7f3c0c9413d86f2fd65b8bfa1b7","width":720},"text":"","id":"AAsIdc8SEoKMW6xQvaecAC8Nnvf"}],"text":"","id":"A4AsdYkeUo8GsCxKkAZcfNiintf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A4AsdYkeUo8GsCxKkAZcfNiintf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按住鼠标中键拖动鼠标：移动图纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ce4IdOSuWomSwCxYJPGcYfcRnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此时十字光标会变成一只小手，你可以通过拖动鼠标来移动图纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XyCcd2wQYoucQOxaEV8c1D5XnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、滚动鼠标中键：缩放图纸。这个大家应该都懂，缩放图纸与上面的拖动图纸配合使用，方便你找到图形的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JM0wdiSy4oYO6cxM70CcCOQ7nOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、命令栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8QOdKsSKoUO82xUzgXc9vqznvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD这个软件，在我看来最重要的就是它的命令栏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IO2Sdauw6oQ0YmxwUPbctbnenP1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"几乎你画在图上的一切东西都与它有关。首先它的位置在之前讲过，位于CAD界面的下方，共两栏。上面一栏表示已结束的命令，下面一栏表示现在的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IMEQdaEimoIImaxUz3Lclj4Jned"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":34,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5599979f7134709bd64cd0ecbcf4236","width":1080},"text":"","id":"MooGdUIqyo2QUGxoFBpc5sHDneN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD的命令栏，就相当于一个你的助手，它会指引你做每一步操作。下面举个简单的例子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Dyq2dM6KkoeEk2xGIZmcFMipnCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图，首先我们选择CAD左侧绘图工具中的直线。（可直接键盘上输入L再按空格/回车）此时命令栏第二行提示指定第一个点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IgocdOce4o8coUxKU8cc1g7HnWd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":198,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/54539c27a4d3464f990d7fec38c39246","width":34},"text":"","id":"GmGadmkkwoiKEQxaJHNc3uWgnEi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在绘图区空白处单击一下，此时命令显示为指定下一点或放弃U。（由于这条线还没画完，此时第一栏并没有内容，即没有上一步命令）此时你再选绘图区另外一点，一条直线就画完了；如果你输入U，则放弃绘制这条直线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSQKdQACCoeU0GxX40ycuRpKnvx"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":33,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e4b1c0f037384738aac9071febec4b6e","width":241},"text":"","id":"SOi6dqy8yokQq8xUhUbc90knnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而此时命令栏还是提示指定下一点或放弃。这里你有两种选择。1是单击空格/回车键，则线段绘制完毕。2是继续选择另一点，那么就会出现两条线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qs44d6IY4oIe6gxCcgscWM2xnKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":625,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a8da029d832434e866cb5f1d4fff303","width":1024},"text":"","id":"M6mgdMGOMoC2eKx5PR4cIk9wnBL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此时命令栏的提示多了一项：闭合C。如果你键盘输入C，则两条线段头尾相接，不在一条直线上则形成三角形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIkSdWUoOok6SUxU3e4cS1wtnFf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":30,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ceae07a20f042cfaa3ab14d177652e8","width":348},"text":"","id":"LEGSdUOsUo8C80xOO79cwpoNnrc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":469,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81e7edd7427d4bcc8a660a69ae20d4c5","width":720},"text":"","id":"PQ4AdcqmmoqSmQxqSMNcax2Kn1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":469,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81e7edd7427d4bcc8a660a69ae20d4c5","width":720},"text":"","id":"PQ4AdcqmmoqSmQxqSMNcax2Kn1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":31,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a45bd78cf7014e39a362f8421cf2777d","width":416},"text":"","id":"SUUqdoG2coiGKYxMdo0cOoobnXe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":31,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a45bd78cf7014e39a362f8421cf2777d","width":416},"text":"","id":"SUUqdoG2coiGKYxMdo0cOoobnXe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":459,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6deef09719b243929584555f7946a5f0","width":1024},"text":"","id":"RsOudaYyOosuCuxAtv0ci7jLnve"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":459,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6deef09719b243929584555f7946a5f0","width":1024},"text":"","id":"RsOudaYyOosuCuxAtv0ci7jLnve"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fe87fed395514abdb941d3246f04b4ee","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Wo8OdwG84og0YixAh11ctTesnQe"}],"text":"","id":"AicSd0eK4oMwSOxeqFvc4lVWn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里注意两点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AicSd0eK4oMwSOxeqFvc4lVWn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘制完图形对象后，再单击空格或回车键，即可结束整个命令。如果你想重复上一次的命令，比如想继续画线段，只需再按下空格，会自动重复上一次指令。此时又要开始选择线段的第一个点……","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DUKudMOiqo6Ug6xayHfcHMVtnyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上牵扯到一个核心的操作逻辑。即CAD的命令栏在你选择完基础命令后一步步指引你进行操作，给你提供多种选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L8qcdC0MkokOi8xyIzfcvyaGnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即使你对这个命令不熟悉，通过命令栏的提示你也能很快理解。例如刚才举的例子画线段，我们都知道两点确定一线段，因此CAD中绘制线段在命令栏中分两步，分别是确定两个点的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HcSyd2IcMooE4UxG2j8c4WRXnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、状态栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UmSmdsKWqo6KeixQ9mOc096xnoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏位于命令栏下方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qe6Qd8QwqoMsMWxEti9cZsZjn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前半部分有一个坐标点的数据，它表示的是十字光标在绘图区的位置，而它的参照物是CAD绘图区的坐标原点，如下图。这里需要注意的是，Z轴的数字一般是0，因为我们主要是绘制平面上的图形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIgKdu4kcowKSaxmyLccgQqxnPf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":20,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d3985e450e540358e0427eba7581ad5","width":628},"text":"","id":"Sgm0dig2eo4yuYxiqyHcqkPgnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏重点在于后半部分的几个按钮，掌握它们，你的绘图效率会得到极大的提高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsAydq2a0oQCGSx4EJ0ctqfen4c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":625,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ff68b9a3bea4f9dace01c4d8a42f4d8","width":1024},"text":"","id":"ZCG0d8OGcouWoyxoBZjcVoXdnGA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先说下捕捉模式和栅格显示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zk0mdokiUoYGk4xO0z9cg2mFnvb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":23,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b24440318dc049968eb6991a0664a1de","width":49},"text":"","id":"YSeadmuOooYMKUxMPvdc8nOnn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它们一般搭配使用，捕捉会自动捕捉最近的栅格点，栅格则是体现在绘图区会出现栅格网，这两个按钮我建议大家关掉，会对绘图的视线造成干扰，同时容易使光标闪烁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uq4idIkkWoYEYaxk1qicOtwFn9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、接下来是正交模式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V40cdWCeMoAK4IxG4ITc6Y4snYb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":27,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/605790387b9d4b4d99444e6cedf47a4a","width":26},"text":"","id":"MCE6d4cWmoUw46xqKYWctktMnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"开启和关闭它的快捷键是键盘上的F8，经常会用到希望大家记住。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ReYmdSywYo6ciWxsniwczX2Wnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个模式非常重要。如果你要画直线，希望直线横平竖直，即只在XY方向绘制，那么打开正交模式，所有画出来的线条都会在XY方向。与此相关的是其后的极轴模式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IAcSdcAK2oOgUOxT6nrc5XTVnwp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":26,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1954273a2fb4431aa4730bec80dcec8b","width":26},"text":"","id":"UUM4dY8weoQ8UwxWij9ch9hQnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就是通常的带角度的绘图模式，与正交模式相反。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SkKIduqm2og6maxwfN7c3O8dnKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、对象捕捉，快捷键F3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FgiId0ekCokOq4x4gozcQpRjnKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":29,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/443f2a6e37c8426c86f9e0f55abb70d3","width":32},"text":"","id":"SYsUdeMkuoCgQuxyIZTcN1VMnOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个模式可以极大极大极大极大提高绘图的效率，非常重要！这里先举个简单的例子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HKGUdSa4UosGuoxy6Pkc517gn4I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当你绘制出了一个矩形，想选中的它的一个角点往上画别的东西，这个时候把对象捕捉模式打开，那么你会发现，当光标移动到矩形角点附近时，会在角点上出现一个绿色的小框。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ek2cdSqYYoiSeOxeKnXcFAcmnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此时如果你要再往上画个矩形，那么当你绘制时，你会发现矩形的角点自动吸附到了原矩形的角点上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAC8dmCggo0m2ixwDQOck1bUnlp"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":696,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8cded5b88575476f954861ceee0f5f7c","width":1024},"text":"","id":"JaqWdyAcWoC0GgxsvZwc0Z1en1b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26105262aeda4740b45e76e2e88cbd6f","width":1024},"text":"","id":"AWO2dEgUmosu4MxwF9Bcm0PJnA3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26105262aeda4740b45e76e2e88cbd6f","width":1024},"text":"","id":"AWO2dEgUmosu4MxwF9Bcm0PJnA3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":708,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/25bca42290c44bb7949213cdade18aaf","width":1024},"text":"","id":"Gka4dwuI8oyiosxfqtHcsr6AnJF"}],"text":"","id":"DwsudKka6oAmE2xCeT8cdFZ3nEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，对象捕捉模式就像一块磁铁，它能让光标自动吸附到一些特殊的点位上，不仅仅是端点角点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwsudKka6oAmE2xCeT8cdFZ3nEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里鼠标右键单击对象捕捉，选择设置，里面提供了各种各样的特殊点和延长线等等。这里提醒下大家，千万别全部打开哦，不然会被各种磁铁吸来吸去，眼花缭乱反而降低效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQeadOKGComEqYx4qegcyOtwnMe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":539,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e3beff9e5724db1982138d7d788e370","width":668},"text":"","id":"AseOdYGOAo4yUixQLiWc4OfGnCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、对象捕捉追踪","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqYOdg8QSoMiAuxoHzocpFVvnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"设想你要画两条线段，希望它们不仅平行且头尾对齐，该怎么画？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2SYdWasKoAmWgxOaWBcHguqn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下图，当你开启对象捕捉追踪后，在绘制第二条线段的第二个点时，先将光标挪到第一条线段的端点上再慢慢往下挪动（不要单击，只是挪动），此时会出现一条绿色的虚线，它就像一把尺子一样能帮助你对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"McY6dUK0IoigQ4xigaWc2kM3nYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这时将光标慢慢往下挪，单击即可绘制出端点对齐的两条线啦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iqoed8kKyoWmi2xm60CctQGpnfe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":695,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ba934dc811b14b299cdf365e7cc4e1fa","width":1024},"text":"","id":"HMq4dOYOqoqsKkxYVV7ctUpYnXc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":679,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55616e7e00db4f6ca20e1253404426b2","width":1024},"text":"","id":"NCs0dgAsGoGmYWxsltkcgwnnn1d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":679,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/55616e7e00db4f6ca20e1253404426b2","width":1024},"text":"","id":"NCs0dgAsGoGmYWxsltkcgwnnn1d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":471,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基本操作逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f1327453f80c41d88656307eb4ea6a7a","width":659},"text":"","id":"RgyMdEIo0oOssMxOcx6cWUMxn4d"}],"text":"","id":"IoqOdUKeUosg8yxEFQlcUcsznCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握绘图基本规范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IoqOdUKeUosg8yxEFQlcUcsznCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个包括标注样式、详图、剖图、引线规范等。这就像学会了写字，组词造句一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYMgd2sASok0e8xOuEfc5Scyntg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"POk2dmmYWoyUyAxk6o0ciYkVnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、所有设计室出的图纸都要配备图纸封皮、图纸说明、图纸目录。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XWkqdu0EMoa8WwxKwfYcliPOn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、图纸封皮须注明工程名称、图纸类别（施工图、竣工图、方案图）、制图日期。　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CYoWdUaswo4Qgsxqd29c5Nydn3E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、图纸说明须对工程进一步说明工程概况、工程名称、建设单位、施工单位、设计单位或建筑设计单位等。　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FAMYd0mOsocqYAxspGpcJ8DHnQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、每张图纸须编制图名、图号、比例、时间。　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qa22dKw00oEUu8xC0Nqch3oMnUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、打印图纸按需要、比例出图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MgIedu6SYo8ewKxarpPcqykonfb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用制图方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKAidCymKougG6x8dUec7kYRnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、常用比例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OAoQdYKusoIKqMxeWfJcTq8AnQd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用制图方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06b84d68c8f046d7be959ac6bfb5425b","width":560},"text":"","id":"XMo6dq4UEos4CMxKIq2cghG8nDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:10","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OKksd2i4ioECyIxILgKcAMNNnSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1:15、1:20、1:25、1:30、1:40、1:50、1:60、1:80","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GMoWd4gSGoqOC4xsds7cUyCVn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1:100、1:150、1:200、1:250、1:300、1:400、1:500","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZcQCdgg84ociCKx0kvicwssMnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、线型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8GQdkmEqoyUg8xOKKsc86EinHh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":236,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用制图方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27ba4a03d9d54403913cf966dc9de1cc","width":414},"text":"","id":"VQimdagIwomESGx6bIicttE7ndb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、粗实线：0.3mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UcYUdE00EoMy0GxvClNcKvEXnIN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1)平、剖面图中被剖切的主要建筑构造的轮廓（建筑平面图）。　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkQmdGWGsoASc0xU3CdcsxRJnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2)室内外立面图的轮廓。　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TisAdkeKAoC4EUxcZtKcrRLDnLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3)建筑装饰构造详图的建筑物","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"表面线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XWsUduwgmoi6uIxQ7hocZ1wUnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中实线：0.15-0.18mm　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIMmdYMqMoQSUoxcvi9cDsQ1nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1)平、剖面图中被剖切的次要建筑构造的轮廓线。　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FySadI064oKumUxI3JVcNUD8n4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2)室内外平顶、立、剖面图中建筑构配件的轮廓线。　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kg4UdKQUKoQECSxq88tcyld4nUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3)建筑装饰构造详图及构配件详图中一般轮廓线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AeocdK22WouAaixc7YucFvrRnm2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、细实线：0.1mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ueegd6iogoAGasxau0Gc0K1rnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"填充线、尺寸线、尺寸界限、索引符号、标高符号、分格线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DS6sd2uaSoQOMsxmMQrc7RCXnyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、细虚线：0.1-0.13mm　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOmWdMEAUoegQ0xeKHLcSK0snUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1)室内平面、顶面图中未剖切到的主要轮廓线。　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A6eod4emKoYeUixqibocfn1Rngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2)建筑构造及建筑装饰构配件不可见的轮廓线。　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IywWd4UekoA0WcxmscMcgmOinKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3)拟扩建的建筑轮廓线。　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VMe4dI2E2oc6U4xiMSscOyDOnIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4)外开门立面图开门表示方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwSGdKKGuoqGqCxW6hBc9CEInhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、细点划线：0.1-0.13mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CIqSdWk4Oo0MeWxsbsyceqqinXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中心线、对称线、定位轴线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ua6adeq8YocG02xofHWcj1Zxnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、细折断线：0.1-0.13mm","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcEAdwkq2o6ak8xWqAdc8owUnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不需画全的断开界线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSMgdEYW8oCA4Ox4Qtnc1EZ0n8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、打印出图笔号1-10号线宽设置，选择打印，弹出的对话框的右上角有个笔形的图标，点击，出现各种颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cg4CdSIi6okuyuxuhDpcU3JPnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10号特粗线","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"1)立面地坪线2)索引剖切符号3)图标上线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoSIdSKqkoQqEaxCciNcwndUnVv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4)索引图标中表示索引图在本图的短线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XMmWdouuQoWmsex6gM1c0PRQnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"剖切索引符号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LwSwdikmOoYCC4xpX80cYFFfnF2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、m：ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UOgGdSiq8o6ykwx8HtgcbwG2n4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、m：ø10mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uskidy02Eoageux0tnFcGaMlnfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"特粗线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"到索引线为剖视方向","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWUedeSOIoY4GsxyesIcEETfnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、A：字高5mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)，字高4mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H4EsdUMqooSok2xaSulcMiejnCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、B-01：字高3mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)，字高2、5mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DeaSdwK8soKcgMxecQBc05ALnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、A为索引图号，B-01为索引图纸号，B-01为“”表示索引在本图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYC0dk8e4oWiO2x2FXacbj3inum"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、平、立面索引符号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAo2dMQuEo4YqexmASNcJAoynpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、m：ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2、图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JCaoduaMmo4cGYxcXOscTM3nncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、m：ø10mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KyIiduy4yoewasxKwEMcRaPjnkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、A1-A4：字高4mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高3mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KaeGdaSs0oEmeixMRpxcrAqfnpY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、B-01--B-04：字高2、5mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)，字高2mm(在A3、A4图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JGaCd4amEogI4sxsX4XcCDzbndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、大样图索引","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MGeQd4YyeoKqMoxAZ7jcHE8LnKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大样引出框","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QOOOdA0SMoMogGxAXY8cdspxnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、m：ø12mm(在A0、A1、A2图纸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSSadCmEeok8agxIlXcciRrXnje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、m：ø12mm(在A3、A4图纸)"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2. 成熟的433发射电路

（1）两者射频的频率不同。315射频频率是315MHz，433射频则为433MHz。

（2）两者传输性能不同。315的传输距离在射频收发条件一致的情况下可能比433的远一点（就如wifi的2.4G和5G一样）。

（3）两者用途不同。315是军用频段，生活中一般不用315频段。433射频为商业频段。

射频的性能参数是由很多因素决定的，不能说315好或者433好，实际应用中一定要先测试，比如周围干扰源等。

扩展资料：

射频识别技术依其采用的频率不同可分为低频系统和高频系统两大类；根据电子标签内是否装有电池为其供电，又可将其分为有源系统和无源系统两大类；

从电子标签内保存的信息注入的方式可将其分为集成电路固化式、现场有线改写式和现场无线改写式三大类；根据读取电子标签数据的技术实现手段，可将其分为广播发射式、倍频式和反射调制式三大类。

（1）低频系统一般指其工作频率小于30MHz，典型的工作频率有：125KHz、225KHz、13.56MHz等，这些频点应用的射频识别系统一般都有相应的国际标准予以支持。

其基本特点是电子标签的成本较低、标签内保存的数据量较少、阅读距离较短（无源情况，典型阅读距离为10cm）电子标签外形多样（卡状、环状、钮扣状、笔状）、阅读天线方向性不强等。

（2）高频系统一般指其工作频率大于400MHz，典型的工作频段有：915MHz、2450MHz、5800MHz等。高频系统在这些频段上也有众多的国际标准予以支持。

高频系统的基本特点是电子标签及阅读器成本均较高、标签内保存的数据量较大、阅读距离较远（可达几米至十几米），适应物体高速运动性能好、外形一般为卡状、阅读天线及电子标签天线均有较强的方向性。

（3）有源电子标签内装有电池，一般具有较远的阅读距离，不足之处是电池的寿命有限（3~10年）；无源电子标签内无电池，它接收到阅读器（读出装置）发出的微波信号后，将部分微波能量转化为直流电供自己工作，一般可做到免维护。

3. 433发射模块电路图

回路标号的基本原则

凡是各设备间要用控制电缆经端子进行联系的，都要按回路编号的原则进行标号。此外，某些装设备在屏顶的设备与屏内设备进行连接，也需要经过端子排，此时屏顶设备就可看作是屏外设备，而在其连线上同样按回路编号原则给以相应的标号。

控制柜内外所有电器元件和导线的编号必须与电气原理图上的编号完全一致，因为安装和检修电器线路都要对照原理图进行。原则是：简单、好记、区分清楚、美观、一目了然！

为了明确起见，对直流回路和交流回路采用不同的标号方法，而在交、直流回路中，对各种不同的回路又赋于不同的数字符号，因此在二次回路接线图中，我们看到标号后，就能知道这一回路的性质而便于维护和检修。

02

二次回路标号的基本方法

(1)用三位或三位以下的数字组成，需要标明回路的相别或某些主要特征时，可在数字标号的前面(或后面)增注文字符号。

(2)按“等电位”的原则标注，即在电气回路中，连于一点上的所有导线(包括接触连接的可折线段)须标以相同的回路标号。

(3)电气设备的触点、线圈、电阻、电容等元件所间隔的线段，即看为不同的线段，一般给予不同的标号；对于在接线图中不经过端子而在屏内直接连接的回路，可不标号。

03

直流回路的标号细则

(1)对于不同用途的直流回路，使用不同的数字范围，如控制和保护回路用001～099及l一599，励磁回路用601～699。

(2)控制和保护回路使用的数字标号，按熔断器所属的回路进行分组，每一百个数分为一组，如101～199，201～299，301—399，…，其中每段里面先按正极性回路(编为奇数)由小到大，再编负极性回路(偶数)由大到小，如100，101，103，133，…，142，140，…。

(3)信号回路的数字标号，按事故、位置、预告、指挥信号进行分组，按数字大小进行排列。

(4)开关设备、控制回路的数字标号组，应按开关设备的数字序号进行选取。例如有3个控制开关1KK、2KK、3KK，则1KK对应的控制回路数字标号选101～199，2KK所对应的选201～299，3KK对应的选301～399。

(5)正极回路的线段按奇数标号，负极回路的线段按偶数标号；每经过回路的主要压降元(部)件(如线圈、绕组、电阻等)后，即行改变其极性，其奇偶顺序即随之改变。对不能标明极性或其极性在工作中改变的线段，可任选奇数或偶数。

(6)对于某些特定的主要回路通常给予专用的标号组。例如：正电源为101、201，负电源为102、202；合闸回路中的绿灯回路为105、205、305、405；跳闸回路中的红灯回路编号为35、135、235、……等。

04

交流回路的标号细则

(1)交流回路按相别顺序标号，它除用三位数字编号外，还加有文字标号以示区别。例如A411、B411、C411。

(2)对于不同用途的交流回路，使用不同的数字组，电流回路的数字标号，一般以十位数字为一组。如A401～A409，B401～B409，C401一C409，…，A591～A599，B591～B599。若不够亦可以20位数为一组，供一套电流互感器之用。几组相互并联的电流互感器的并联回路，应先取数字组中最小的一组数字标号。不同相的电流互感器并联时，并联回路应选任何一相电流互感器的数字组进行标号。电压回路的数字标号，应以十位数字为一组。如A601～A609，B60l～B609，C601～C609，A791～A799，…，以供一个单独互感器回路标号之用。

(3)电流互感器和电压互感器的回路，均须在分配给它们的数字标号范围内，自互感器引出端开始，按顺序编号，例如“TA‘’的回路标号用411～419，“2TV‘’的回路标号用621～629等。

(4)某些特定的交流回路(如母线电流差动保护公共回路、绝缘监察电压表的公共回路等)给予专用的标号组。

4. 433mhz无线芯片

wifi模块就用HX-M02wifi模块来说，它的传输速率比较大，可以组网，并且还是双向通讯。在智能家居前景比较适合，但是433模块虽然距离比较远，凡是它不能组网，还是单向通讯的产品。

WiFi的特点是数据传输速率高，并且支持"永远在线"功能。但功耗大可靠性及性能低。WiFi设备的睡眠唤醒时间一般需要3~5秒。

433MHz技术使用433MHz无线频段，优势是无线信号的穿透性强、能够传播得更远。其缺点是数据传输速率低，采用数据透明传输协议，因此其网络安全可靠性也是较差的。

无线温度传感器应是集成传感、无线通信、低功耗等技术的无线传感网络产品。无线温度传感器应以电池供电，在工程实施中避免了大工作量的通讯线缆、管线、供电线路的铺设，用户也可根据现场实际使用情况，方便的调整安装的位置。

5. 433无线发射电路

PT2262/2272编解码集成电路介绍

编码解码芯片PT2262/PT2272芯片原理简介：

PT2262/2272是台湾普城公司生产的一种CMOS工艺制造的低功耗低价位通用编解码电路，PT2262/2272最多可有12位(A0-A11)三态地址端管脚(悬空,接高电平,接低电平),任意组合可提供531441地址码,PT2262最多可有6位(D0-D5)数据端管脚,设定的地址码和数据码从17脚串行输出，可用于无线遥控发射电路。

编码芯片PT2262发出的编码信号由：地址码、数据码、同步码组成一个完整的码字，解码芯片PT2272接收到信号后，其地址码经过两次比较核对后，VT脚才输出高电平，与此同时相应的数据脚也输出高电平，如果发送端一直按住按键，编码芯片也会连续发射。当发射机没有按键按下时，PT2262不接通电源，其17脚为低电平，所以315MHz的高频发射电路不工作，当有按键按下时，PT2262得电工作，其第17脚输出经调制的串行数据信号，当17脚为高电平期间315MHz的高频发射电路起振并发射等幅高频信号，当17脚为低平期间315MHz的高频发射电路停止振荡，所以高频发射电路完全收控于PT2262的17脚输出的数字信号，从而对高频电路完成幅度键控（ASK调制）相当于调制度为100％的调幅。

PT2262/2272特点：CMOS工艺制造，低功耗，外部元器件少，RC振荡电阻，工作电压范围宽：2.6～15v ，数据最多可达6位，地址码最多可达531441种。应用范围：车辆防盗系统、家庭防盗系统、遥控玩具、其他电器遥控。

名称

管脚

说 明

A0-A11

1-8、10-13

地址管脚,用于进行地址编码,可置为“0”,“1”,“f”(悬空),

D0-D5

7-8、10-13

数据输入端，有一个为“1”即有编码发出，内部下拉

Vcc

18

电源正端（＋）

Vss

9

电源负端（－）

TE

14

编码启动端，用于多数据的编码发射，低电平有效；

OSC1

16

振荡电阻输入端，与OSC2所接电阻决定振荡频率；

OSC2

15

振荡电阻振荡器输出端；

Dout

17

编码输出端（正常时为低电平）

在具体的应用中，外接振荡电阻可根据需要进行适当的调节，阻值越大振荡频率越慢，编码的宽度越大，发码一帧的时间越长。网站上大部分产品都是用2262/1.2M＝2272/200K组合的，少量产品用2262/4.7M＝2272/820K。

名称

管脚

说 明

A0-A11

1-8、10-13

地址管脚,用于进行地址编码,可置为“0”,“1”,“f”(悬空),必须与2262一致,否则不解码

D0-D5

7-8、10-13

地址或数据管脚,当做为数据管脚时,只有在地址码与2262一致,数据管脚才能输出与2262数据端对应的高电平,否则输出为低电平,锁存型只有在接收到下一数据才能转换

Vcc

18

电源正端（＋）

Vss

9

电源负端（－）

DIN

14

数据信号输入端，来自接收模块输出端

OSC1

16

振荡电阻输入端，与OSC2所接电阻决定振荡频率；

OSC2

15

振荡电阻振荡器输出端；

VT

17

解码有效确认 输出端（常低）解码有效变成高电平（瞬态）

地址码和数据码都用宽度不同的脉冲来表示，两个窄脉冲表示“0”；两个宽脉冲表示“1”；一个窄脉冲和一个宽脉冲表示“F”也就是地址码的“悬空”。

上面是我们从超再生接收模块信号输出脚上截获的一段波形，可以明显看到，图上半部分是一组一组的字码，每组字码之间有同步码隔开，所以我们如果用单片机软件解码时，程序只要判断出同步码，然后对后面的字码进行脉冲宽度识别即可。图下部分是放大的一组字码：一个字码由12位AD码（地址码加数据码，比如8位地址码加4位数据码）组成，每个AD位用两个脉冲来代表：两个窄脉冲表示“0”；两个宽脉冲表示“1”；一个窄脉冲和一个宽脉冲表示“F”也就是地址码的“悬空”

2262每次发射时至少发射4组字码，2272只有在连续两次检测到相同的地址码加数据码才会把数据码中的“1”驱动相应的数据输出端为高电平和驱动VT端同步为高电平。因为无线发射的特点，第一组字码非常容易受零电平干扰，往往会产生误码，所以程序可以丢弃处理。

PT2272解码芯片有不同的后缀，表示不同的功能，有L4/M4/L6/M6之分，其中L表示锁存输出，数据只要成功接收就能一直保持对应的电平状态，直到下次遥控数据发生变化时改变。M表示非锁存输出，数据脚输出的电平是瞬时的而且和发射端是否发射相对应，可以用于类似点动的控制。后缀的6和4表示有几路并行的控制通道，当采用4路并行数据时（PT2272-M4)，对应的地址编码应该是8位，如果采用6路的并行数据时(PT2272-M6)，对应的地址编码应该是6位。

PT2262/2272芯片的地址编码设定和修改：

在通常使用中，我们一般采用8位地址码和4位数据码，这时编码电路PT2262和解码PT2272的第1～8脚为地址设定脚，有三种状态可供选择：悬空、接正电源、接地三种状态，3的8次方为6561，所以地址编码不重复度为6561组，只有发射端PT2262和接收端PT2272的地址编码完全相同，才能配对使用，遥控模块的生产厂家为了便于生产管理，出厂时遥控模块的PT2262和PT2272的八位地址编码端全部悬空，这样用户可以很方便选择各种编码状态，用户如果想改变地址编码，只要将PT2262和PT2272的1～8脚设置相同即可，例如将发射机的PT2262的第1脚接地第5脚接正电源，其它引脚悬空，那么接收机的PT2272只要也第1脚接地第5脚接正电源，其它引脚悬空就能实现配对接收。当两者地址编码完全一致时，接收机对应的D1～D4端输出约4V互锁高电平控制信号，同时VT端也输出解码有效高电平信号。用户可将这些信号加一级放大，便可驱动继电器、功率三极管等进行负载遥控开关操纵。

我们网站提供的遥控类产品上一般都预留地址编码区，采用焊锡搭焊的方式来选择：悬空、接正电源、接地三种状态,出厂是一般都悬空，便于客户自己修改地址码。这里我们以常用的超再生插针式接收板A-L4的跳线区为例:

网友可以看到,跳线区是由三排焊盘组成,中间的8个焊盘是PT2272解码芯片的第1～8脚,最左边有1字样的是芯片的第一脚,最上面的一排焊盘上标有L字样,表示和电源地连同,如果用万用表测量会发现和PT2272的第9脚连同;最下面的一排焊盘上标有H字样,表示和正电源连同,如果用万用表测量会发现和PT2272的第18脚连同.所谓的设置地址码就是用焊锡将上下相邻的焊盘用焊锡桥搭短路起来，例如将第一脚和上面的焊盘L用焊锡短路后就相当于将PT2272芯片的第一脚设置为接地，同理将第一脚和下面的焊盘H用焊锡短路后就相当于将PT2272芯片的第一脚设置为接正电源，如果什么都不接就是表示悬空。

设置地址码的原则是：同一个系统地址码必须一致；不同的系统可以依靠不同的地址码加以区分。至于设置什么样的地址码完全随客户喜欢。

PT2262和PT2272除地址编码必须完全一致外，振荡电阻还必须匹配，否则接收距离会变近甚至无法接收，随着技术的发展市场上出现一批兼容芯片，在实际使用中只要对振荡电阻稍做改动就能配套使用，根据我们网站的实际使用经验，下面的参数匹配效果较好：

编码发射芯片振荡的电阻

同步位宽度

窄脉冲宽度

宽脉冲宽度

配套的解码接收芯片振荡电阻

SC/PT2262

SC2260－R4

（不同厂家参数有区别）

PT2272/SC2272

1.2M

200K

1.5M

5.1M

5毫秒

150微秒

450微秒

270K

2.2M

390K

3.3M

12M

10毫秒

320微秒

960微秒

680K

4.7M

20M

14毫秒

450微秒

1350微秒

820K

2262 IR是2262系列用于红外遥控的专用芯片，可以按照下面的图纸进行接线，可以通过调整发射端Rosc电阻的大小使接收距离最远，发射端电阻的调整范围390～420K。

注意：批号为 703780 的 SC2262IR DIP18 的芯片振荡电阻请选用510K！

这里我们可以提供一种和PT2262/2272芯片完全兼容的SC系列芯片，这种芯片可以直接替代PT系列芯片，外围无需作任何改动，但是价格要比PT系列便宜很多，感兴趣的客户可以购买样片进行测试。

双列直插2262 每片2元

宽体20脚贴片2262 每片2.5元

双列直插2272 M4 每片2元

超小贴片SC2260-R4 每片2.5元

双列直插2272 M6 每片2.5元

双列直插2272 L4 每片2元

双列直插2272 L6 每片2.5元

宽体20脚贴片2272 M6 每片2.5元

双列直插2262 IR 每片2元

宽体20脚贴片2272 L4 每片2.5元

宽体20脚贴片2262 IR 每片2.5元

SC系列都兼容PT系列,100PCS以上价格另议

RX3310集成电路芯片 6元一片

315声表元件 2元一个 316.8M声表元件 2.5元一个（配合RX3310)

433声表元件 2元一个 435M声表元件 2.5元一个（配合RX3310)

6. 433mhz发射模块使用教程

    如何防止自己的433Mhz无线模块受到干扰或使模块的抗干扰强度提升呢？

1，可以加装一个信号放大器来提升模块的发射信号。

2，加装弹簧天线。3，调高模块灵敏度。

       科视连433Mhz无线接收模块WL101比一般的接收模块抗干扰能力强，损耗低，因为采用了自己研发的WL119接收芯片在抗干扰能力上更强反应更快

7. 发射频率433mhz

频率不同：一般使用的频率是433.92Mhz和315MHZ。普通遥控器频率一般都要比汽车的低，比如电视遥控器（红外)使用的频率是38Khz，一般的车模和船模 在26M到27MHZ之间有12个频点可以使用,在40MHZ有8个频点可以使用。

解释：

1、频率相同的遥控器不一定能打开同一部车子。这是因为遥控器的工作原理是利用无线电传播信号（即利用信号传递命令：开锁或关锁），而315赫兹则是一个频率的段位，这个频率的波段，是一个承载信号和命令的工具，这个命令就是数字电路里面常用的二进制位数，01011101等，通过不同的数字。

2、同一个频率的电波，承载的密码不同，那么它也就无法打开同一部车子。但是如果它是同一个频率，还有内码也跟这部车相同，那么它就有可能可以打开车辆。

扩展资料

遥控器常见的问题和解决办法：

一、遥控器没有反应

如果按键时遥控器指示灯不亮或者很暗时，可能是遥控器电池电量不足；如果更换电池后，遥控器指示灯仍然不亮，则应检查电池正负极性是否装反以及电池与安装座是否接触良好。

如果上面的检查没有问题，但是遥控器指示灯仍然不亮，则应检查按键是否损坏，如果按某些按键指示灯有反应，有的按键则没有反应，很可能是按键损坏，或者是遥控器损坏。

二、遥控器不能控制车门

首先应按照上面所讲确认遥控器是否有问题，如果遥控器没有问题，那么这种情况是在更换完电池或防盗系统部件之后出现的，此时应该按照固定程序进行遥控器的匹配。

并不是所有的车型都需要进行匹配，不同的车型有不同的规定；如果有两个遥控器，可以试验另一个遥控器是否有反应，如果另外一个遥控器有反应，则可能是这个遥控器的密码丢失，需要重新匹配。

如果匹配完成遥控器仍然不能使用，则可能接收主机有问题或这个遥控器的发射天线有问题；如果遥控器主机被屏蔽或附近有很强的干扰源，则主机不能正确地接收到遥控器发出的电磁波，无法控制中控门锁动作。

三、遥控器有效距离很近

如果这个问题是在遥控器使用了一段时间后出现的，则可能是电池电量不足；如果有时远有时近，则可能是周围环境的影响；如果遥控器主机被屏蔽或被干扰，也会出现这种问题，例如车辆粘贴的防爆膜对遥控器主机具有屏蔽作用，车内某些用电设备具有干扰的作用。

8. 433mhz接收芯片

要增加无线路由器的信号传输距离，首先要无线路由器的发射功率要合格，即要达到标准的100毫瓦。

另外，由于无线路由器发射功率规定在100毫瓦，所以一台无线路由器的信号传输距离是有限的，这时可以使用2台或多台无线路由器同时工作，各台无线路由器相距一定的距离，只要其中一台路由器接上网线，其它的接上电源即可，形成信号大面积覆盖，各大餐厅、机场、校园就是采取这种模式。

另外，无线路由器的信号有光的特性，它是直线传输的，如果是可视距离，则传输距离会很远，如果之间有障碍物，尤其是金属的障碍物，对信号的衰减利害。

9. 433发射芯片

这是贴片晶振，声表面谐振器芯片。

10. 433mhz无线接收芯片有哪些

1.433MHz是我们国家的免申请频段发射接收频率，可直接使用不需要管理;

　　2.433MHz抗干扰强，并且支持各种点对点，一点对多点的无线数据通讯方式，具有收发一体、安全隔离、安装隔离、使用简单、性价比高、稳定可靠等特点，只要发射功率足够大，长距离传输时是不会出现问题的。