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大部分人认为学好楷书，需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。

新手入门楷书只需要从简单的横竖撇捺开始练习，感受笔画的幅度，逐步进行一个字的练习，便可掌握楷书的基础。

硬笔楷书

准备工作

笔

根据个人爱好，钢笔，铅笔，中性笔按照自己的要求买好，铅笔钢笔比较适合新手，钢笔比较适合有一定基础之后使用。

纸

回米格，米字格，田字格都准备一些。

字帖

这里推荐田英章楷书入门字帖，这本帖每一个字都堪称绝佳的规范字，任谁也挑不出毛病。

楷书学习

控笔练习

运笔

伸缩手指（写竖画）

摆动手腕（写横和撇捺）

伸缩和摆动结合（写带有横和竖，撇和捺以及一些带钩提的笔画）

1、起收简捷，轻重分明。用钢笔书写笔画，起笔收笔简捷明快，落笔就行，到尾就收。但为了求得精细，则要求轻重分明。所谓“轻”，即用力较小，笔画较轻细；所谓“重”，即用力稍大，笔画较粗重。笔画起收有了轻重粗细的细微变化，也就可以产生灵动的韵味。

2、有快有慢，有滑有涩。用钢笔写笔画时，不能匀速运笔，而应该有快有慢，有急有缓，才能使写出的笔画线条有滑畅刚劲和涩滞凝重的巧妙变化，产生不同的质感。

3、曲直方圆，刚柔相济。要写出生动活泼、富有个性的笔画，就要把笔画写得有曲有直，有向有背，有轻有重，有方有圆，力避死硬僵直。这样写出的笔画才能刚柔相济，具有弹性。

4、连贯呼应，神采焕发。要把字写活，书写出来的笔画线条就绝不能笔笔相互孤立，而要借助运笔的起收变化，使上下俯仰，左右顾盼，前后连贯，使所有笔画成为有机的整体。只有气血相通了，字才有生命力。这是笔法技巧的一个重要因素。在具体书写中，不同的字体有不同的运笔要求。就楷体字而言，笔画起收处则要求含蓄意连的态势。

控笔

控笔是指有一定练习后对笔的控制能力，准确的把线条定位在书写纸内。

要多感受起笔和收笔（停笔）是什么样子的。

要有写好一个笔划，学好一类笔划的意识。

练习控笔最好的是临习隶篆，尤其是篆书，线条匀称，笔法相对也简单，注意体会中锋行笔。推荐李斯的《峄山碑》《会稽石刻》，这些虽是翻刻的，几近美术字，但对控笔很有帮助。

笔画的练习

练字首先要练的就是基本笔画，这是入门必学，没有商量。

不管你多大年龄，师出名师还是小白必学，基本功一定要练好。

练习笔画的过程中，可以搭配一些带有这个笔画的简单例字，多积累汉字规律。

字头类34个，字底类19个，字框类17个。

偏旁部首具有归类作用，所以写好偏旁部首，就能够抓住所有汉字的关键和要领，起到事半功倍的效果。

练习常见偏旁部首，涉及汉字有左右结构，上下结构，包围结构等，多观察这个字的结构特点，总结规律，提高举一反三的能力。

文章的练习

这是质变到量变的过程，临摹首先要选帖，通常从颜真卿，柳公权，欧阳询中进行选择。

将描好的例字放在书法纸上的第一格观察例字在回字格上的位置，找关键点，比如短横是从斜线横到竖线，比如一提，刚好提在斜线上，再比如一撇又刚好从中间撇到斜线上，总之尽可能多的找关键点，更方便我们去临摹，按照第一格上的例子从第二个开始写，看一笔写一笔，仔细写，不图快。写好一个字就将例字平移过去，将临摹的字和例字进行对比，看看两者之间的差别，总结上一个字的规律，继续一边看着例字一边临摹，如果临摹时发现不得劲，可以回前面多秒几遍，再找找手感。记住刚刚临摹完的感觉，抛开一切，看着空白的回字格回忆。字的结构，笔画下笔默写一遍，默写完就会发现和第一个临摹的进步很惊喜，如果不满意的话，可以多来几遍。

提升练习

在前面几个步骤中已经有很好的积累的情况下，可以尝试脱离田字格，在方格，条形格等其他格上进行练习，主要是练习找准字间距，字大小关系甚至是计时训练，避免出现单个字还可以，连词吃句就不规范的问题。

注意事项

坚定的意志和信念

这是练字的基本条件和要求，要有乐此不疲的兴趣，水滴石穿的毅力，坚持下来一定会有长进。切忌三天打鱼，两天晒网。

写字的姿势和纸笔的方法

正确的坐姿应该是“头正、身直、臂开、足安”。笔的位置要略偏右侧。眼睛距纸面约30厘米，胸部距桌边约10厘米。两臂自然伸展，小臂平枕桌面。以拇指和食指的指肚分别按住笔杆的左右两侧。中指的第一关节左侧抵住笔杆的下方，无名指和小指依次贴靠中指自然弯曲成半握拳状。

写字要注意用力

横划:运腕（此时拇，食指均不动）。

竖划：运指（这里说的指头，指的是只用食指向下按压）。 斜划：腕指并用 （一）向下笔画的按压，食指掌管的出力方向和功能是最多的！ （二）字体结构中，横和竖划通常是主要笔画，而且长笔画也通 常以这两者为主。横划是只靠腕力不用指头的，而竖划则只有归食指这个指头单独来掌管而已的！ 所以，善用食指的力量和操控，是写字动作的一大关键。而食指如要完成轻松的按压动作，首要之务便是要和笔杆保持接触越大的面积，这样也就才能得到较好的扶持稳定度和操控。 其次，不管在写↓、↙、↘这些向下笔画的按压力时，把注意力放在食指，也才能更明显感受出那股从笔杆上方的重心点开始往下的出力感，也才能出力更顺畅有力，继而可写出更轻重有别的笔画力度。

不要轻易变换字体

练字要有恒心，有毅力，不能一曝十寒，三天打渔、两天晒网。须知：一日练功一日功，一日不练十日空。在掌握了字体结构的基础上，可以选择自己喜欢的字体坚持不懈的练下去，轻易不去改换字体。因为一旦变换字体，又得从头练起。

不要选凹槽字帖或者描红字帖。

选这种字体练起来会很轻松，但就是没一点儿用，描个几百遍，一脱离字帖啥也不是，纯粹浪费时间。

不要买网红字帖。

网上那种奶酪体，清新手写体，文艺体，男生女生适合练的字体，乱七八糟的一个都不要买，网红字贴大多都是没有什么笔法和结构的，一旦练了这种字体不仅有月亮越丑的风险，想改回来也很难，最正统的练字方法永远是从正楷练起。

练字口诀

首点居正、通变顾盼、点竖直对、中直对正、中直偏右、底竖斜位、横笔等距、竖笔等距、上收下展、上展下收、上正下斜、上斜下正、下方迎就、左收右放、左斜右正、对等平分、左右对称、主笔脊柱、中宫收紧、收缩纵展、牵丝粘连、斜抱穿插、大小独具、联撇参差、三部呼应、钩趯匕刃、围而不堵、笔画增减。

毛笔字楷书

一、毛笔的选择

写毛笔字也是一门艺术，毛笔字最重要的就是遇到合适的毛笔，这样用起来也是比较顺手的。毛笔有长的有短的，毛尖不一样，手感不一样写出来的字的感觉也是不一样的，选择合适的即可。

一枝好的毛笔要具备“尖、齐、圆、健”四德。

尖：笔毫聚合时，笔锋要能收尖。

齐：将笔头沾水捏扁，笔端的毛整齐无不齐现象。

圆：笔肚周围，笔毫饱满圆润，呈圆锥状，不扁不瘦。

健：笔毛有弹性，笔毛铺开后易于收拢，笔力要健。

毛笔的种类很多，在初次学习时，希望你选用“兼毫”的湖笔。因为兼毫的湖笔，笔芯硬，易于掌握，对你以后的学习很重要。

毛笔的种类

①硬毫笔：笔性刚健，毛弹性较大，常见的有兔毫、狼毫、鼠须、石獾毫、山马毫、猪鬃等。

1、兔毫笔历史悠久，在长沙出土的战国笔就是用兔毫制成的。它是将笔干一头劈开数片，把笔头插入后再用丝线紧扎而成。兔毫又分紫毫和花白两种。紫毫是取兔子背脊（又称箭毫）和尾巴上的毫毛制成，质软而毫健。花白比较挺利，不如紫毫柔软。

2、狼毫笔这里的“狼”不是动物园里的那种狼，而是黄鼠狼。用黄鼠狼身上和尾巴上的毛制成的笔，弹性比兔毫笔稍软，比羊毫笔硬，只是质较脆，不耐摩擦。

3、鼠须笔是用老鼠的胡须做成，所以性能坚挺。相传东晋王羲之就是用鼠须笔写《兰亭序》的。

其他硬毫笔，如山马毫、石獾毫、猪鬃笔等，笔性特别坚硬，一般初学者尚未掌握运笔规律，不易选用。

②软毫笔：笔性柔软。软毫笔的弹性较小，较柔软。一般用羊毫、鸡毫、胎毫等软毫制成。

1、羊毫笔：羊毫笔是用山羊毫制成，其性能软于紫毫笔，由于羊毫较细、较长，适宜于写大楷及擘窠大字。

2、鸡毫笔：鸡毫笔是用雄鸡前胸之毛制成，其性能软于羊毫。

3、胎毫笔：胎毫是初生婴儿的头发，其性能极柔软。南朝萧子云就使用过胎毫笔，可见其历史之悠久。

③兼毫笔：笔性介于硬软毫之间。兼毫笔用硬毫、软毫集在一起，刚柔并济。

“兼毫”，顾名思义是兼而有之的意思。亦即以硬毫为核心、周边裹以软毫，笔性介于硬毫与软毫之间。一般将紫毫与羊毫按不同比例制成。比方“三紫七羊”、“七紫三羊”、和“五紫五羊”等。也有用羊毫与狼毫合二为一制成的兼毫笔，以尺寸的大小分“小白云”、“中白云”、“大白云”。也有在大羊毫斗笔中加入猪鬃，以加强其弹性。

在选择笔峰时，我们应该选择适当的长短，因为笔锋太长不易于掌握，但笔锋长可以含很多的墨水，适合写”草书“一气呵成”，笔锋长可以保证墨的够用，反之，笔锋短适合写楷书，易于掌握。 选笔时也要顾及临摹的碑帖。所谓“用某家所用的笔，又写他那一种字”。要判断所使用的是那一种笔，直接看他的字迹是最好的方法：风格健劲的，选用健毫;姿媚丰腴的，选用柔毫;刚柔难分的，则选用兼毫。笔的特性亦影响写出来的书法，如此才能臻乎书法之妙境。 还有一点是字体大小方面，写大字用大笔，写小字用小笔。小笔写大字易损笔且不能使转自如，大笔写小字则有点“杀鸡用牛刀了”。

二、纸张的选择

练习毛笔字没有薄纸临摹，可以用宣纸、毛边纸、报纸等，最好是用宣纸。

用宣纸题字作画，墨韵清晰，层次分明，骨气兼蓄，气势溢秀，浓而不浑，淡而不灰，其字其画，跃然纸上，神采飞扬，飞目生辉。

宣纸分为生宣、半熟宣、熟宣。生宣吸水性和沁水性都强，易产生丰富的墨韵变化，以之行泼墨法、积墨法，能收水晕墨、达到水走墨流之艺术效果。写意山水多用它。熟宣是加工时用明矾等涂过，故纸质较生宣为硬，吸水能力弱，使得使用时墨和色不会洇散开来。因此特性，使得熟宣宜于绘工笔画而非水墨写意画。半熟宣也是从生宣加工而成，吸水能力界乎前两者之间，适合写小楷。

三、楷书基本笔画

一、点

头尖、尾圆、腹平、背圆。 写法：1、锋尖落纸（可先将笔舔尖，轻轻落笔）。2、向右下将笔毫向两边铺开，笔渐下渐重。3、到下半部，将笔锋稍提起，再放下向背部兜围扭动一下。4、轻快有力地从下腹出锋。

点的写法要求：顾盼生姿、向背分明。

二、横

头方（斜）尾圆，中段略细。 写法：1、笔锋先从右向左逆行。2、直（或稍斜）落笔。3、通过提按使笔锋回复中锋，沿着笔画中线向右运行，中段稍提笔。4、至结尾处笔锋稍提起，再向右下放下，像写点那样，兜围扭动一下，然后迅速有力地向左收锋。

注意：不能使劲顿笔，中段与两头也不能一样粗细，显得僵直。

三、竖

竖，起支柱作用，要求写得劲挺有力，像人胸腰挺起。基本形式有垂露竖和悬针竖两种。 垂露竖：写法：1、笔锋向上逆行。2、横（或稍斜）落笔，笔向右斜。3、笔锋轻轻向左右扭动一下，调整笔锋然后向下行笔。4、至尾部，略提锋，从左向上收锋。

悬针竖：写法与垂露竖的不同之处仅在于它在尾末要出锋。要点：像一枚针，写得粗壮，出锋不宜太长太细。

四、撇

尾部略肥和上扬，姿态舒展。 写法：1、向上逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、调整笔锋，让中锋缓缓行笔。4、至尾部，快而有力地出锋，使力送到撇尖。

短撇的写法：如“斤”“生”落笔后，稍作扭动，调整笔锋，快速撇出。

注意：忌“中途拔出”和“头重尾飘”，以女同志梳头的速度和力度书写撇较适宜。

汉字的笔画大多是向右向下的，右手写这些笔画都较顺手，唯独撇是向左伸展的，写起来较别扭。这是写字的重点。

五、捺

一波三折的姿态。一折：从头到颈部。二折：颈到捺脚。三折：捺脚到锋尖。一波：整笔有起有伏。像波浪。 写法：1、逆锋而起。2、轻轻向下落笔。3、略向左上起笔，至颈部，锋稍提使颈部略细。4、向右下渐渐将笔毫铺开，至捺脚处。5、轻向左推，调整笔锋，沉着痛快地扬出锋。

注意：1、捺画出线要直。2、捺脚要有力。3、笔不能向下拖。 捺和撇往往同时存在，连在一起练习为好，如“大”“来”。

六、钩

钩是其他笔画的附着物。 “竖左钩”做到平、锐、满。即竖要平，锋要锐，钩要饱满。 写好一竖将要钩出时，先将笔锋往上提，使笔毫收聚，放下，然后用力向左平推出来。

七、挑

像反向的短撇。 写法：1、逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、稍作扭动，调整笔锋。4、快而有力地向右上方挑出，送到笔画的尖端。

练毛笔字效果提升方法

1、练习书法切忌三天打鱼两天晒网，要有滴水穿石、坚持不懈的精神。

2、练习书法讲究科学的练习方法，新手可以先买一本欧阳询的楷体字帖。

3、练好楷书之后再练草书，如宋代张旭。

4、楷体练得差不多，可以练行书，楷书练得好，就相当于基本功练好了。

网上练字

软件选择

可以选择一些内容比较全，功能比较多的软件来作为学习的软件这些软件都可以在应用市场找到，这里推荐两个常用的软件，如下：

1、练字大师

如果各位用户想要练习一些其他的书法，那么就需要下载本软件了，因为本软件中不仅是可以让各位用户练习汉字，还可以让用户们练习英文写法，有很多非常优雅的英文书法方式可以供大家学习。

2、爱练字

如果说各位用户苦于没有名师指点自己的书法水平的时候，那么就可以使用这款软件来看上面的教学视频了，大部分老师都是中国书法家协会的成员，从每个字的一笔一划到整篇文章的结构都可以满足大家的需求。

适应人群

适合没有时间去外面买东西或者现在被疫情封控的地区，也适合在平板写字的人群。

书法其实没有你想象的那么难：“每个人的字都很有特色，只要稍加调整，就可以写出一手好字。

只要你对书法感兴趣，有发自内心的、想学好书法的渴望，哪怕是零基础、功底差，只要找对方法，也绝对可以练出一笔好字！

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分人认为学好楷书，需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1D3mvWNXqU8zrYAzotfTFg"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"新手入门楷书只需要从简单的横竖撇捺开始练习，感受笔画的幅度，逐步进行一个字的练习，便可掌握楷书的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJRKCjhjk1IYgrwUSKzXbcf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔楷书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQWuKIEaCiiC0UnUEOA29Dc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"准备工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzb9qoHtuGDfbGdh0JsvkAj"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0p4YGpxi8vSdpxhNMq5zHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据个人爱好，钢笔，铅笔，中性笔按照自己的要求买好，铅笔钢笔比较适合新手，钢笔比较适合有一定基础之后使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8wySncMHVucIM5fcc3Niqg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":351,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40a22e9ef19e4d308348388ec21c23d5","width":566},"text":"","id":"doxcnY6O8ceEg8s2QGOa29KHabg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":394,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/644590aec3fc4d439e729a0cfac3b0d4","width":650},"text":"","id":"doxcnAsqkOQQo0amcy8gNQygzTd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHLFO5erTGGIV498By1UFad"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHLFO5erTGGIV498By1UFad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回米格，米字格，田字格都准备一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ35huYePnG8w04guoBBV8f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":418,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0541fb079f85498a8214d2a24da519ee","width":291},"text":"","id":"doxcn3nzpts82CNI6Fj5SFn2Yob"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":423,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/615cdf83d01149b7ba05f06c9168d329","width":295},"text":"","id":"doxcnrzomBg51kof1IWiHgy9n8f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":431,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/74609122d0de470fb6a6969c3a41c223","width":312},"text":"","id":"doxcnLIka2wuZmg1BFjvoSTPfef"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlzOAyoZehREust2pQP0iac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里推荐田英章楷书入门字帖，这本帖每一个字都堪称绝佳的规范字，任谁也挑不出毛病。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2CAAEiyssqSOeguF2Rztch"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":398,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1a0e46ed158343a1a1261bb09f4b099e","width":359},"text":"","id":"doxcnEG6GYWnfhUxUjd9wnNc9rg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":432,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a37bcf7cf4354fdca1925d3e32f71ef1","width":347},"text":"","id":"doxcnZiYKnHE2n7L5AWVb5Zgowd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXhT1smYPMxSoGxT0wFTvhh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"控笔练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnabbQL0cRLfmhiYWTDp7bje"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYpOQfcMTv8FJTu9TwdAqFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"伸缩手指（写竖画）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCeAIxNmTyPahjVthMSTkRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"摆动手腕（写横和撇捺）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYifR9z12GFBaJN2RBg0buh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"伸缩和摆动结合（写带有横和竖，撇和捺以及一些带钩提的笔画）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbUVJG3uZrK1GijeW5Jjpmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、起收简捷，轻重分明。用钢笔书写笔画，起笔收笔简捷明快，落笔就行，到尾就收。但为了求得精细，则要求轻重分明。所谓“轻”，即用力较小，笔画较轻细；所谓“重”，即用力稍大，笔画较粗重。笔画起收有了轻重粗细的细微变化，也就可以产生灵动的韵味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkQa8GGw4wi2o2B8hHhH2id"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":128,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69cffea7d565421bb78dc83367faa65f","width":557},"text":"","id":"doxcnqy6oKKuQGEeKYEj5Mx3ebb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、有快有慢，有滑有涩。用钢笔写笔画时，不能匀速运笔，而应该有快有慢，有急有缓，才能使写出的笔画线条有滑畅刚劲和涩滞凝重的巧妙变化，产生不同的质感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOYGoCm6qWsQamOLXSHDig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":144,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bfd1252ff31d410aa6b9cb9f70e968ce","width":594},"text":"","id":"doxcnymGACYIAWASEsfsoNZpxJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、曲直方圆，刚柔相济。要写出生动活泼、富有个性的笔画，就要把笔画写得有曲有直，有向有背，有轻有重，有方有圆，力避死硬僵直。这样写出的笔画才能刚柔相济，具有弹性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmaw4Ew6AuMuSgiIfM3nysb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、连贯呼应，神采焕发。要把字写活，书写出来的笔画线条就绝不能笔笔相互孤立，而要借助运笔的起收变化，使上下俯仰，左右顾盼，前后连贯，使所有笔画成为有机的整体。只有气血相通了，字才有生命力。这是笔法技巧的一个重要因素。在具体书写中，不同的字体有不同的运笔要求。就楷体字而言，笔画起收处则要求含蓄意连的态势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6U8CE82UgYAQ6KRmxsedyg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"控笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpre9Qh0Ou1rzWNunoInAcC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"控笔是指有一定练习后对笔的控制能力，准确的把线条定位在书写纸内。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNfERT1pWAG8hfYfAlXni1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要多感受起笔和收笔（停笔）是什么样子的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnH6sgnVo1f13VDz1j3V4hLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要有写好一个笔划，学好一类笔划的意识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDVnFvlurs4pwhzxNYaFIOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习控笔最好的是临习","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"隶篆","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，尤其是篆书，线条匀称，笔法相对也简单，注意体会中锋行笔。推荐李斯的《","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"峄山碑","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》《会稽石刻》，这些虽是翻刻的，几近美术字，但对控笔很有帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoiMyAWUMomkU1LYafx91c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":452,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"控笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b2af44422b84a1e9f69b866da8cb141","width":698},"text":"","id":"doxcncYaq8AOMcu22uiilJ0HCrb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnerUWofczabD4FMdiV9OXmN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字首先要练的就是基本笔画，这是入门必学，没有商量。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMWEzl82jTUbBGw9i1XDg5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不管你多大年龄，师出名师还是小白必学，基本功一定要练好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwe6BU8NUiIAc4ujEmlkDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画的过程中，可以搭配一些带有这个笔画的简单例字，多积累汉字规律。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwPqdeS1nod83goeACijNfe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":776,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画的练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a7128273336a449da7fdaccc5a2657fe","width":716},"text":"","id":"doxcnnBSN6CV853C84tZEVyv6Th"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":637,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画的练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9198b53fc24445a495807a75d534d02f","width":462},"text":"","id":"doxcn2xEIprklM0nyfVJLjTMpT2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画的练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3020275a2be14073ae73c3aef2f67da0","width":716},"text":"","id":"doxcnJOj5Ug51fcgvZ2c4WrKIkh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":752,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画的练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0800370cc4746eeba5b542fdafd1f35","width":716},"text":"","id":"doxcn1eR0PX43XIU6sp5s86nPKf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrUcs5wYiseZszgN5IloQG1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字头类34个，字底类19个，字框类17个。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9l3s0iLR2bzjbF2aWMjXNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"偏旁部首具有归类作用，所以写好偏旁部首，就能够抓住所有汉字的关键和要领，起到事半功倍的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9GtSlT2M37nKzO0TH4Kfme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习常见偏旁部首，涉及汉字有左右结构，上下结构，包围结构等，多观察这个字的结构特点，总结规律，提高举一反三的能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7tX3K39nVKBz1B8sL61yXg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":908,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/107389095c89432a87fab60b59d08c4b","width":716},"text":"","id":"doxcnZzuA5GRdYvMv67YCWySjdg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":888,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2844cf42ba4d462bad03380fee17485b","width":716},"text":"","id":"doxcn7bR6cqlEHMtDsd1gRZwWQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"文章的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCFh0ekz0VVLH6LNRBfMaQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是质变到量变的过程，临摹首先要选帖，通常从颜真卿，柳公权，欧阳询中进行选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnHr26yakWs1bRMKY8oXiqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将描好的例字放在书法纸上的第一格观察例字在回字格上的位置，找关键点，比如短横是从斜线横到竖线，比如一提，刚好提在斜线上，再比如一撇又刚好从中间撇到斜线上，总之尽可能多的找关键点，更方便我们去临摹，按照第一格上的例子从第二个开始写，看一笔写一笔，仔细写，不图快。写好一个字就将例字平移过去，将临摹的字和例字进行对比，看看两者之间的差别，总结上一个字的规律，继续一边看着例字一边临摹，如果临摹时发现不得劲，可以回前面多秒几遍，再找找手感。记住刚刚临摹完的感觉，抛开一切，看着空白的回字格回忆。字的结构，笔画下笔默写一遍，默写完就会发现和第一个临摹的进步很惊喜，如果不满意的话，可以多来几遍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmPYL0UKPlgmlsc6yHDXTFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":968,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"文章的练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93d92fa23c45425f90b4b7690891e790","width":716},"text":"","id":"doxcnR3VS1t31lLjSZMa0UU1cpe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提升练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8InPZ2RBKEgg5vaiqk84cb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在前面几个步骤中已经有很好的积累的情况下，可以尝试脱离田字格，在方格，条形格等其他格上进行练习，主要是练习找准字间距，字大小关系甚至是计时训练，避免出现单个字还可以，连词吃句就不规范的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnADZ5pTPNk7e8A2vJnmiLzd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbuedEEXF0fC5avNjaMWumY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坚定的意志和信念","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfkVYsBkh6H5tzGlnidd1td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是练字的基本条件和要求，要有乐此不疲的兴趣，水滴石穿的毅力，坚持下来一定会有长进。切忌三天打鱼，两天晒网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIU5u4lqf5nBTRgo1OyN9Gd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写字的姿势和纸笔的方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLGt6Abp5Ly59kupdCfP3Fe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的坐姿应该是“头正、身直、臂开、足安”。笔的位置要略偏右侧。眼睛距纸面约30厘米，胸部距桌边约10厘米。两臂自然伸展，小臂平枕桌面。以拇指和食指的指肚分别按住笔杆的左右两侧。中指的第一关节左侧抵住笔杆的下方，无名指和小指依次贴靠中指自然弯曲成半握拳状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniWXbdcNPpY2QpMfeappSVh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写字要注意用力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0IEtcmKna6643usa6nend"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横划:运腕（此时拇，食指均不动）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRFTTBhC1c2dMs2TUalqtYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖划：运指（这里说的指头，指的是只用食指向下按压）。\\n斜划：腕指并用\\n（一）向下笔画的按压，食指掌管的出力方向和功能是最多的！\\n（二）字体结构中，横和竖划通常是主要笔画，而且长笔画也通 常以这两者为主。横划是只靠腕力不用指头的，而竖划则只有归食指这个指头单独来掌管而已的！\\n所以，善用食指的力量和操控，是写字动作的一大关键。而食指如要完成轻松的按压动作，首要之务便是要和笔杆保持接触越大的面积，这样也就才能得到较好的扶持稳定度和操控。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"其次，不管在写↓、↙、↘这些向下笔画的按压力时，把注意力放在食指，也才能更明显感受出那股从笔杆上方的重心点开始往下的出力感，也才能出力更顺畅有力，继而可写出更轻重有别的笔画力度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlRNoziegMBvXCsXYHB9Kum"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不要轻易变换字体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQWD6dC9p4A5KccfygXuBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字要有恒心，有毅力，不能一曝十寒，三天打渔、两天晒网。须知：一日练功一日功，一日不练十日空。在掌握了字体结构的基础上，可以选择自己喜欢的字体坚持不懈的练下去，轻易不去改换字体。因为一旦变换字体，又得从头练起。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxPmORWjKbQ7oBgtHle4pJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不要选凹槽字帖或者描红字帖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmySz3QSjFexYbKA06sD0Xf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选这种字体练起来会很轻松，但就是没一点儿用，描个几百遍，一脱离字帖啥也不是，纯粹浪费时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDzDE1NWi3LK8WfKhrx3urc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不要买网红字帖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhTdeyYBzQJC4WDEnWXEu9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"网上那种奶酪体，清新手写体，文艺体，男生女生适合练的字体，乱七八糟的一个都不要买，网红字贴大多都是没有什么笔法和结构的，一旦练了这种字体不仅有月亮越丑的风险，想改回来也很难，最正统的练字方法永远是从正楷练起。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnt2ssHecADT7IzRBfTwDKaf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字口诀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUEXt2ZYL8GAc69ZGJITk3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首点居正、通变顾盼、点竖直对、中直对正、中直偏右、底竖斜位、横笔等距、竖笔等距、上收下展、上展下收、上正下斜、上斜下正、下方迎就、左收右放、左斜右正、对等平分、左右对称、主笔脊柱、中宫收紧、收缩纵展、牵丝粘连、斜抱穿插、大小独具、联撇参差、三部呼应、钩趯匕刃、围而不堵、笔画增减。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn0g37Y4nhsLFNl5tSKC2Kb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔字楷书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0W6KcuIyg4Uo8nzmEDejxd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、毛笔的选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqko0sq2gY2i0eyEaNpgZcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"写毛笔字也是一门艺术，毛笔字最重要的就是遇到合适的毛笔，这样用起来也是比较顺手的。毛笔有长的有短的，毛尖不一样，手感不一样写出来的字的感觉也是不一样的，选择合适的即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4Myy4a0iAUwmWHnan3Zqf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、毛笔的选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d162c1f194804d9c833338100e0448e3","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnGagowMc6WaS8Oq07EmYcWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一枝好的毛笔要具备“尖、齐、圆、健”四德。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnogIwYMQoQ806a88NOEB0rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"尖：笔毫聚合时，笔锋要能收尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGUousq68S2SzryW0goWIT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"齐：将笔头沾水捏扁，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔端","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的毛整齐无不齐现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKGYWYO4oakqOU3pxHwPfmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圆：笔肚周围，笔毫饱满圆润，呈圆锥状，不扁不瘦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqGKCmKieseEEGQzqEBtTxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"健：笔毛有弹性，笔毛铺开后易于收拢，笔力要健。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaqquYkU0EuSqSqFlP54Gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类很多，在初次学习时，希望你选用“兼毫”的湖笔。因为兼毫的湖笔，笔芯硬，易于掌握，对你以后的学习很重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGaU6WkMKsYUWai6xWkVdGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuMqCaaS4KCMmkN7iAqqeBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"①硬毫笔：笔性刚健，毛弹性较大，常见的有兔毫、狼毫、鼠须、石獾毫、山马毫、猪鬃等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCug0MwY8Qss8kJnF6u0kae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、兔毫笔历史悠久，在长沙出土的战国笔就是用兔毫制成的。它是将笔干一头劈开数片，把笔头插入后再用丝线紧扎而成。兔毫又分紫毫和花白两种。紫毫是取兔子背脊（又称箭毫）和尾巴上的毫毛制成，质软而毫健。花白比较挺利，不如紫毫柔软。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniSy2e6eKUkEUIllCSPhBhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":458,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4afb247b6bdf41a9acfd74cfda913388","width":750},"text":"","id":"doxcnWUgY24Oi2MiyOGen4ioYAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、狼毫笔这里的“狼”不是动物园里的那种狼，而是黄鼠狼。用黄鼠狼身上和尾巴上的毛制成的笔，弹性比兔毫笔稍软，比羊毫笔硬，只是质较脆，不耐摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6kg4GgKGaSigigyz9kr8Bc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85237f7c2602485394dd247bad70152a","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnwIuoGmuwAskq6Orc9v2FRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、鼠须笔是用老鼠的胡须做成，所以性能坚挺。相传东晋王羲之就是用鼠须笔写《兰亭序》的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncK8C6wC8C8cwqEHo0EQMcd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/533d66efc54e4ec9910cb664fca4dd61","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn08E8mIWegg2UArAbcq3gLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他硬毫笔，如山马毫、石獾毫、猪鬃笔等，笔性特别坚硬，一般初学者尚未掌握运笔规律，不易选用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsAUW2YMmo6wsYTMh7SW9kf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"②软毫笔：笔性柔软。软毫笔的弹性较小，较柔软。一般用羊毫、鸡毫、胎毫等软毫制成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaASEQymmoQYyM5VEnYvane"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、羊毫笔：羊毫笔是用山羊毫制成，其性能软于紫毫笔，由于羊毫较细、较长，适宜于写大楷及擘窠大字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6gY24yusgIkfO83qTtziw"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8b1d069367d483680fae844837db93a","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcngyuWAggEE0oWiaSRELivug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、鸡毫笔：鸡毫笔是用雄鸡前胸之毛制成，其性能软于羊毫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqmkWKaOCEqsode5Ct1VSh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d7faf329b2e4cd69b88ce9c0807cc37","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnmC4y6Csui6E8xkVGK9Ksxy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、胎毫笔：胎毫是初生婴儿的头发，其性能极柔软。南朝","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"萧子云","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就使用过胎毫笔，可见其历史之悠久。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2OSISYI0I8OeuC7Xqs5wKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c10c378551fa4e159a6e7b2401b99cf1","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn2I0eO8gqQi6SaQdIjFiYHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③兼毫笔：笔性介于硬软毫之间。兼毫笔用硬毫、软毫集在一起，刚柔并济。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUsQyqM6kUcSQMFkbhw3Pyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“兼毫”，顾名思义是兼而有之的意思。亦即以硬毫为核心、周边裹以软毫，笔性介于硬毫与软毫之间。一般将紫毫与羊毫按不同比例制成。比方“三紫七羊”、“七紫三羊”、和“五紫五羊”等。也有用羊毫与狼毫合二为一制成的兼毫笔，以尺寸的大小分“小白云”、“中白云”、“大白云”。也有在大羊毫斗笔中加入猪鬃，以加强其弹性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWsSuQgSi24swJsVKpKp5ws"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3c0868d3dcfb421ba95dc13507551109","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnwwWqEk2WIM4A4PqjLuqK3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在选择笔峰时，我们应该选择适当的长短，因为笔锋太长不易于掌握，但笔锋长可以含很多的墨水，适合写”草书“一气呵成”，笔锋长可以保证墨的够用，反之，笔锋短适合写楷书，易于掌握。\\n选笔时也要顾及临摹的碑帖。所谓“用某家所用的笔，又写他那一种字”。要判断所使用的是那一种笔，直接看他的字迹是最好的方法：风格健劲的，选用健毫;姿媚丰腴的，选用柔毫;刚柔难分的，则选用兼毫。笔的特性亦影响写出来的书法，如此才能臻乎书法之妙境。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"还有一点是字体大小方面，写大字用大笔，写小字用小笔。小笔写大字易损笔且不能使转自如，大笔写小字则有点“杀鸡用牛刀了”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOAwUQyUKyuiaymeyPT38He"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、纸张的选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4uImSsqaGIKu4vZ4JZkdwx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习毛笔字没有薄纸临摹，可以用宣纸、毛边纸、报纸等，最好是用宣纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngouEs44auogASOJTn5iMed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用宣纸题字作画，墨韵清晰，层次分明，骨气兼蓄，气势溢秀，浓而不浑，淡而不灰，其字其画，跃然纸上，神采飞扬，飞目生辉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsuKCy6gosoAG0aBGJwqshh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":267,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、纸张的选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8c5f4fde950b47038f3f867581059ad2","width":467},"text":"","id":"doxcnmyogEOAkomIWiGgg93gIgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宣纸分为生宣、半熟宣、熟宣。生宣吸水性和沁水性都强，易产生丰富的墨韵变化，以之行泼墨法、积墨法，能收水晕墨、达到水走墨流之艺术效果。写意山水多用它。熟宣是加工时用明矾等涂过，故纸质较生宣为硬，吸水能力弱，使得使用时墨和色不会洇散开来。因此特性，使得熟宣宜于绘工笔画而非水墨写意画。半熟宣也是从生宣加工而成，吸水能力界乎前两者之间，适合写小楷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOcaUQQI0Aa4oMNiGNK7pPc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、楷书基本笔画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwKyQQ0EwOmucYjkJZ6pAgf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSkkeYG0WuGSaSOvuhsPo6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"头尖、尾圆、腹平、背圆。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、锋尖落纸（可先将笔舔尖，轻轻落笔）。2、向右下将笔毫向两边铺开，笔渐下渐重。3、到下半部，将笔锋稍提起，再放下向背部兜围扭动一下。4、轻快有力地从下腹出锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04e6qAS8oOYAYVVOmLaxfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/913d516afa6e479aaf83c94b074ee5a9","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnickM6mI6sWoGclRnIUTNxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点的写法要求：顾盼生姿、向背分明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwAkYy0uaKKgA6fSarkDrff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAamQosko4EKoYdZ0JdKcJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"头方（斜）尾圆，中段略细。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、笔锋先从右向左逆行。2、直（或稍斜）落笔。3、通过提按使笔锋回复中锋，沿着笔画中线向右运行，中段稍提笔。4、至结尾处笔锋稍提起，再向右下放下，像写点那样，兜围扭动一下，然后迅速有力地向左收锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4GUYAc8a8YS4kDOIZPXvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：不能使劲顿笔，中段与两头也不能一样粗细，显得僵直。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0IIKCWmKUueYiuQDwsoeJf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ac59334dd7dc4c5c853456f1859c5ec3","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnQsgwq8Ak4OySo5fDTAx9ac"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE00AwUYqCewA08E9GRUpwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖，起支柱作用，要求写得劲挺有力，像人胸腰挺起。基本形式有垂露竖和悬针竖两种。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"垂露竖：写法：1、笔锋向上逆行。2、横（或稍斜）落笔，笔向右斜。3、笔锋轻轻向左右扭动一下，调整笔锋然后向下行笔。4、至尾部，略提锋，从左向上收锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8WOiA8c8oOKSyEBaDIYi3c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34b3f12bca65426c97187ba91f821a55","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnYEw86yIEEkgaYRDoeVKqVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"悬针竖：写法与垂露竖的不同之处仅在于它在尾末要出锋。要点：像一枚针，写得粗壮，出锋不宜太长太细。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQi4CEkQAUKKuonSJs9i8hc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4fa929a1c6de491393e2ac88d67bb37f","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn4Owweaa0umkq6jWYntIIzc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngS2EamyeUKE8WXwVl87uhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"尾部略肥和上扬，姿态舒展。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、向上逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、调整笔锋，让中锋缓缓行笔。4、至尾部，快而有力地出锋，使力送到撇尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQEkyeUqsIygKzNifJRrzFt"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/82fc09d773a940c1ab358dd4327e90bf","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnaqawS2CasaAy85fKPCZWug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短撇的写法：如“斤”“生”落笔后，稍作扭动，调整笔锋，快速撇出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mckomAsSoQuGeoBBR24Vd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ecaa911a0eea48789a5dcea4456dc5f5","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnwa00okUygiuq0KfSXfWk7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：忌“中途拔出”和“头重尾飘”，以女同志梳头的速度和力度书写撇较适宜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2SyuC8OmeQeASOdNQp5Ske"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的笔画大多是向右向下的，右手写这些笔画都较顺手，唯独撇是向左伸展的，写起来较别扭。这是写字的重点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOwWQK0Qm2YEcdPUXE1j3za"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniGo2AiuKW000Ib9HV5xaMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一波三折的姿态。一折：从头到颈部。二折：颈到捺脚。三折：捺脚到锋尖。一波：整笔有起有伏。像波浪。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、逆锋而起。2、轻轻向下落笔。3、略向左上起笔，至颈部，锋稍提使颈部略细。4、向右下渐渐将笔毫铺开，至捺脚处。5、轻向左推，调整笔锋，沉着痛快地扬出锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQQS4MYyEuKEO5YGCOxCCJH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五、捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/539af3bc9f04467ba98e7b1d1a3ca297","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnIK6OuyAIQOauELh7RYKJ8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：1、捺画出线要直。2、捺脚要有力。3、笔不能向下拖。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"捺和撇往往同时存在，连在一起练习为好，如“大”“来”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC2cgsyEamqOmyOalhzMNrg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoC0w60igagowo7zcqsqJ8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钩是其他笔画的附着物。\\n“竖左钩”做到平、锐、满。即竖要平，锋要锐，钩要饱满。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写好一竖将要钩出时，先将笔锋往上提，使笔毫收聚，放下，然后用力向左平推出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUC4OY4SqKqCocvsndgYSIb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"六、钩","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e97fdad8da442b8bf6f47608e959ea5","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnIOWQqcYqqcAM2XjVfdD9ae"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、挑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncSwYeeYImOwwOo8cI7E00r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"像反向的短撇。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、稍作扭动，调整笔锋。4、快而有力地向右上方挑出，送到笔画的尖端。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk2OS6CmKg4iiekClKsSZRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"七、挑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/351d17e693b34a858d20e56fae6b4be2","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnUoQWiMma0m2oCUiQD2X52g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练毛笔字效果提升方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnikkEicQqs0cWkJDP1FSw0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、练习书法切忌三天打鱼两天晒网，要有滴水穿石、坚持不懈的精神。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoWE2SIsKKScSA5qOBG18Ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、练习书法讲究科学的练习方法，新手可以先买一本欧阳询的楷体字帖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4sQ2e62sAACq4iSwCrRd3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、练好楷书之后再练草书，如宋代张旭。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKMS4ecwsKoaGk7NIpmD3Mc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、楷体练得差不多，可以练行书，楷书练得好，就相当于基本功练好了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweu6GYAO4kCmELJJO28Thd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"网上练字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGGyKSMgGqoEopSKRA5QIh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"软件选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqcSewmSoocQmCAIPAeAzkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以选择一些内容比较全，功能比较多的软件来作为学习的软件这些软件都可以在应用市场找到，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这里推荐两个常用的软件，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk6KM4eMuW66aWQ332RQINh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"练字大师","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKyEEwMIS8WYCiwNvchdtWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果各位用户想要练习一些其他的书法，那么就需要下载本软件了，因为本软件中不仅是可以让各位用户练习汉字，还可以让用户们练习英文写法，有很多非常优雅的英文书法方式可以供大家学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne0uA0kECWk0amQoACB02Ih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9877910f0f0b495ba594f71be7b225c5","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnGaokGAKGcUsU4KqbDZT5wF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、爱练字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSUy2OsaEQkuIYRDADTblag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果说各位用户苦于没有名师指点自己的书法水平的时候，那么就可以使用这款软件来看上面的教学视频了，大部分老师都是中国书法家协会的成员，从每个字的一笔一划到整篇文章的结构都可以满足大家的需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWAMUwO4AC6eGyOK3jB3ddg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCik4u6KGK8Y4OIutmmVSUm"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c49b6971a2b646978b6dd2201ffa9edf","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcniu6WMSkYWgYcmKp466SZyh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"适应人群","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneE6awcKgoyWmYrK4mJJPbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适合没有时间去外面买东西或者现在被疫情封控的地区，也适合在平板写字的人群。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnga6kEMGQmgGskN9xzpZcnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法其实没有你想象的那么难：“每个人的字都很有特色，只要稍加调整，就可以写出一手好字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY4EEoEkMsMuqqkjM4FkFqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"只要你对书法感兴趣，有发自内心的、想学好书法的渴望，哪怕是零基础、功底差，只要找对方法，也绝对可以练出一笔好字！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IGSCUWYMsqukNjW5bztCh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

5. gml180a压缩机参数

320瓦

这一款的压缩机是320瓦的。你可以看一下这个牌子的压缩机的铭牌，有标注它的功率是多少，那就是多少瓦的。

一般单开门电冰箱压缩机功率在150瓦以下,多为120瓦。双开门电冰箱压缩机在200瓦以下。柜式电冰箱压缩机在300瓦左右。

6. GMI200A压缩机是多少瓦

现在家家户户都离不开冰箱，冰箱对我们的生活有非常大的帮助，如果有吃不完的食物或者需要储存食物都可以存放在冰箱里，以防止食品的变质。这样既方便又容易。但是由于冰箱夜以继⽇地⼯作，有时难免会出现些故障，出现故障该怎么维修呢？

冰箱构造

维修冰箱，首先我们需要了解冰箱的构造。

家用电冰箱由箱体、制冷系统、温度控制装置三部分组成。

箱体

箱体的组成：外壳、内衬、绝热层、台面。

箱体的基本作用是绝热，绝热性能的优劣直接关系到箱体的保温性能。

箱体的隔热功能主要是从以下几个方面来实现的：

1、外壳与内衬之间填充绝热材料。

2、箱门装有磁性密封条防止冷气外漏和热空气侵入。

3、箱顶的顶板下面垫有高密度聚苯乙烯泡沫板，起隔热作用。

制冷系统

制冷系统组成：压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、毛细管。

制冷系统自成一个封闭的循环系统。其中蒸发器安装在电冰箱内部的上方，其他部件安装在电冰箱的背面。

工作原理：系统里充灌了一种叫“氟里12(CF2Cl2，国际符号R12)”的物质作为制冷剂（氟利昂类包括氟利昂12和氟利昂11等等是一般传统的制冷剂，现在更多的是新兴的无氟制冷剂如R600a、R404a等，不过制冷原理是一样的）。氟里昂12在蒸发器里由低压液体汽化为气体，吸收冰箱内的热量，使箱内温度降低。变成气态的氟里昂12被压缩机吸入，靠压缩机把它压缩成高温高压的气体，再排入冷凝器。在冷凝器中气态的氟里昂12不断向周围空间放热，逐步液化成液体。这些高压液体必须流经毛细管，节流降压才能缓慢流入蒸发器，维持在蒸发器里继续不断地汽化，吸热降温。就这样，冰箱利用电能做功，借助制冷剂的物态变化，把箱内蒸发器周围的热量搬送到箱后冷凝器里去放出，如此周而复始不断地循环，以达到制冷目的。

内部汽化吸热 → 外部液化放热→ 箱内温度降低

温度控制装置

冰箱的温度控制装置叫温度控制器。它的主要作用是当箱内温度过高时接通压缩机，使制冷系统工作，从而使箱温降下来，当箱温降至要求的温度时，使压缩机断电。

故障检测方法

冰箱故障的检查方法一般可分为问、看、听、摸、测试等。通过检查，综合分析判断，逐渐缩小故障范围，找出故障点。

问

首先问明冰箱的使用情况、故障现象及使用年限，特别是旧机器，要了解机器的故障史及以前维修后的使用情况，对曾维修过制冷系统的机器，要多留意冰堵、脏堵、混入空气、冷冻油是否变质等故障。

看

1、首先看蒸发器结霜的情况，在压缩机运转的情况下，如果出现蒸发器表面无霜、结不满霜或结霜不实等情况，都说明制冷系统工作不正常。

2、冰箱冷冻室结冰，说明温控器温差过大，停机时间过长等因素造成的，直冷式双门冰箱的冷藏室蒸发器总是结满霜而无结霜、化霜交替变化，说明温控器发生故障。

3、检查制冷系统中管路的各个焊接处及蒸发器表面，看是否有渗漏的痕迹，凡渗漏处都会有油渍。

4、查看压缩机回气管是否结霜，如结霜，则说明制冷剂冲入量过多，对于间冷式冰箱，如压缩机回气管结霜，还应考虑是否由于风扇不转而引起。遇到这种情况，可以打开箱门，按下门框按钮，查看风扇是否旋转。

5、查看箱门是否有缝隙。如果箱门有缝隙，则冰箱保温性能差，导致压缩机开机时间长，停机时间短，而且冰箱结霜多。

听

1、接通冰箱电源，如果听到启动器“叭嗒”一声，压缩机在0.2秒至0.5秒内启动，随后压缩机发出轻微而且有节奏的运转声，说明压缩机启动正常。如压缩机发出沉闷的“嗡嗡”声，而后连续听到“叭嗒”的启动器触点断开、吸合的声音，有时还带有压缩机的振动声，最后可以听到热保护器“叭”的一声响，随后切断压缩机电源。此故障可以考虑以下原因：

a、电源电压低，压缩机卡缸、抱缸轴。

b、电动机扫堂。

c、电动机绕组短路。

d、电动机启动绕组开路。

e、气路系统管路堵塞。

f、启动继电器故障等。使用排除法，确定故障原因。

2、压缩机运转时，机壳内有明显的喷气声，说明压缩机排气缓冲管断裂漏气。若压缩机机壳有破裂声，说明压缩机高、低压阀片破裂、漏气。压缩机刚停机时，听到机壳内有明显的跑气声音，说明压缩机阀板的高低压纸垫被击穿、排气减震管泄漏、阀片磨损或阀片、阀口处积碳。压缩机运转时，如果机壳发出“当当”的撞击声，说明压缩机内支撑弹簧断裂或疲劳变形。

3、高压液态制冷剂通过毛细管进入蒸发器，迅速蒸发沸腾，同时发出“嘶嘶”的气流声音，并时常伴流水的声音，属于正常现象。如果听到蒸发器内有“叽叽”声，或者有断断续续的憋气声，故障通常为脏堵、油堵或者冰堵。周期性较长的断续喷气声一般为冰堵。若蒸发器内只有气流声，而且不结霜，说明系统内制冷剂基本漏完。

4、冰箱有时发出断断续续的噪音，往往是由于冰箱支脚落地不稳，制冷系统管路相互碰撞以及压缩机与箱体底座螺丝松动等原因引起共振造成的。

摸

冰箱正常运行时，制冷系统各个部分的温度通过触摸，可以对制冷系统状况有个大致的判断。(制冷系统各个部分的温度还受环境温度的影响，环境温度升高时，冷凝器、过滤器、回气管和压缩机的温度明显升高，反之，上述部分的温度明显降低。)

1、压缩机运转时，触摸冷凝器上部，应很热(大于55℃)。如不热，可能是制冷系统漏气、堵塞或压缩机没有排气压力等故障。

2、正常时，触摸干燥过滤器应有热的感觉(约55℃)。如制冷系统过脏，会造成干燥过滤器温度升高，对于刚刚维修过的冰箱，如果干燥过滤器温度过高，一般为毛细管阻流偏大，制冷剂充入量过大。

3、压缩机正常工作时，触摸压缩机回气管，应没有热感(接近于环境温度)。如果温度高，说明系统少制冷剂，管路微堵或系统中混入空气。如果感觉到冷或者有露水甚至结霜时，说明制冷剂充入量过多。

4、压缩机机壳的温度一般在70℃以下。即使在夏季，冰箱首次开机时，压缩机经过连续长时间的工作，机壳温度也不超过85℃。

5、如果蒸发器上结的霜用手一摸就脱落(称为虚霜)，并且压缩机回气管结满霜，说明充入的制冷剂过多或新换的毛细管过粗、过短。

6、用手触摸蒸发器表面，如果发现蒸发器结不满霜，说明系统制冷剂不足或毛细管半堵塞。

测试

通过测量冰箱的温度、压力、开机与停机比、运转电流以及压缩机的绝缘电阻和直流电阻等，对冰箱进行检查。

1、测温度

用电机温度计测量电冰箱的温度。电冰箱的温度按国家标准吸气温度为三十二摄氏度，蒸发温度为负二十三摄氏度一下，排气温度为五十五摄氏度左右，过冷温度为三十二摄氏度左右。

1、冰箱靠近墙面放置会导致冰箱发烫，也不能在冰箱的周围覆盖东西，这样都会阻碍冰箱散热，使温度上升，应该保持冰箱有足够的空间散热。

2、在使用冰箱的时候不要打开频繁，频繁的打开冰箱会让里的温度升高，加大冰箱的工作量，冰箱长期处于运转状态就会使温度更高的。这时要减少开冰箱的次数。

3、停用之后特别是在夏季温度很高的时候，冰箱要达到设定的制冷温度会需要很长时间，长时间的运转就会使冰箱的温度升高，冰箱一旦使用最好不要停用了。

2、测压力

冰箱的正常压力值在0.03~0.08mpa。

a、吸气压力过高，通常由：制冷剂充入过多、新换毛细管过短、压缩机性能*的原因引起。

b、出现吸气压力为负压时，通常由：制冷剂不足、系统内有堵塞现象、新换毛细管太细、太长。

2、测量冰箱的开机与停机之比

冰箱的开机与停机之比与它的制冷系统、保温性能、温控器性能、调节位置、环境温度、电路系统、冰箱内食品的多少以及开门次数等有着直接的关系。

3、测量工作电流

1、如果工作电流大于额定电流，说明制冷剂充入量过多，制冷系统微堵、压缩机局部短路。

2、如果工作电流小于额定电流，说明制冷系统有泄漏或系统完全堵塞。

3、测量绝缘电阻和直流电阻：(对于匝间短路不严重或匝间绝缘不良的电机绕组，用电阻测量方法很难分辨电机故障，因此只能采用测量工作电流的方法来判断)。

缺少制冷剂，或蒸发器内有沉积的冷冻机油，导致压缩机效率降低。

冰箱故障分类

电冰箱的故障可分为电气系统故障和制冷系统故障两大类。

电气系统故障分析

电气系统主要包括温控部分和压缩机电动机控制部分。由此而引起的故障现象是电冰箱接通电源后压缩机不起动和接通电源后压缩机运转不停。

1、首先用万用表欧姆挡测量冰箱电源插头的阻值。

压缩机的三个接线端子以及与起动器之间的接线情况如图所示：C——公共端、M——运行端、S——起动端。

各绕组间直流电阻值如下：运行绕组C、M两端约10.5Ω；起动绕组C、S两端约22Ω；而运行和起动绕组阻值的和即S、M端的阻值约为32.5Ω。正常时电路所有的开关触点都接通，对于重锤起动器式的冰箱，因重锤式起动器触点未通电而未接通，回路阻值为压缩机运行绕组的阻值，一般为10—20Ω左右，对于PTC起动冰箱，回路的直流电阻为起动器20Ω阻值与起动绕组串联后再与运行绕组并联，所以其电阻略小于压缩机运行绕组的阻值。

通过测得的阻值来判断电路的工作状态，阻值偏大时，要检查温度控制器、过载保护器、压缩机电动机以及线路和触点接触情况，阻值偏小时一般是短路，主要检查压缩机电动机及其线路。

　　

2、要进一步判断还要对冰箱通电检查。

通电前先检查温控器开关是否正常。如温度控制器装在电冰箱的冷藏室内，当放置的环境温度低于设计温度时不会起动运转，故有的冰箱设计了冬季补偿开关，补偿开关打开后则温度控制器感温管附近的加热器开始加热，强制升温使压缩机运转，目的是牺牲冷藏室的正常温度而保证冷冻室的温度。

如果温控器内的开关都正常，而通电后压缩机不起动，可用一根导线短接重锤式起动器的两个静触点，注意导线短接时间不要太长，以不超过2s为宜，时间长将会使起动绕组烧坏。如果短接后冰箱能起动，说明起动器有故障，重锤式起动器长期起动易使触点烧坏，测量时拆下起动器，用万用表欧姆RX1挡，将两表笔插入接线柱插孔内。起动器正着放时相当于正常运转状态，即未接通，万用表测量阻值为无穷大；将起动器倒过来时相当于起动状态，万用表指示为0Ω，则说明起动器是好的。

如果用导线短接后仍不能起动，就需要检查保护器。可用短接法检查保护器，将保护器的两个接线铜片短接起来，如果冰箱能够起动运转，说明保护器有故障，可能是电热丝烧断或碟形双金属片受阻不能下翻，如果冰箱仍不能起动，则是压缩机或起动器有问题。检查时，把起动器和保护器拆下，露出电动机的三根接线柱。测每两个接线柱之间的电阻值，如正常，说明电动机绕组没有故障。如不正常，不要急于拆开压缩机，可以采用直接接通电源的方法进行检查。具体办法是：用带有电源插头的两根电源线接在M、C接线柱上，也就是运行绕组上，再用螺钉旋具作为导线同时碰触M和S端，然后把插头插入电源插座，如果电动机和压缩机没有故障，就会起动。起动2s左右，就要把螺钉旋具移开，电动机进入正常运转。如果检查压缩机能起动运转，说明电动机没有故障，故障发生在电动机外部，可能是外引线折断或接线柱接触不良，也可能是环境温度过低等。否则为压缩机故障。

制冷系统故障分析

电冰箱不制冷

电冰箱运转不停，但是不制冷，冷凝器不热，蒸发器不凉。这种故障一般出现在制冷系统。

可能原因是制冷剂泄漏，或者冰堵、脏堵，或是压缩机有故障。由于制冷系统是封闭的，所以可通过观察管路表面有无油污、用手触摸各部分的温度、耳听运行声音来检查。

1、检查管路表面是否有油污

仔细检查冷凝器、过滤器、毛细管、蒸发器；吸气管、压缩机外壳及管路结合处。如果发现有油污，说明制冷剂泄漏。这时可切开压缩机的工艺管。如果有少量的制冷剂喷出，就进一步证明是制冷剂泄漏。

如果没有油污，则需要进一步检查压缩机的温度。

2、检查压缩机的温度

用手摸压缩机，如果压缩机的温度不太高，和运转时差不多，说明管路畅通，没有堵塞现象，而可能是高压缓冲管破裂、活塞穿孔、排气阀同吸气阀短路等。这时可切开高压排气管，排出制冷剂。

3、检查压缩机开机时的情况

切断电冰箱的电源，打开箱门；使制冷系统各个部件恢复到室温。然后接通电源，电冰箱启动运转。如果开始时蒸发器结霜较好，冷凝器发热，低压吸气管发凉；由冰箱上部能听到气流声和水流声，但过一会儿，蒸发器结霜融化，只在毛细管同蒸发器结合部位结有少量霜；冷凝器不热，低压吸气管不凉，用耳朵贴近电冰箱上部听不到声音，说明出现了冰堵。这时如果用热毛巾敷在毛细管同蒸发器的结合处，又能重新制冷，则进一步证实是冰堵。

如果开机的时候不见蒸发器结霜，冷凝器不热，低压气管不凉，用耳朵贴近电冰箱上部听不到声音，则可以初步认为发生了脏堵。这时，可以切断高压排气管，排出制冷剂，用手指按住排气管，启动压缩机，如果手指感到有较大的压力，说明管路发生脏堵。

电冰箱制冷效果差

电冰箱运转不停，但箱内温度达不到要求，制冷效果差。这可能是由于使用不当或箱门关闭不严造成的。也可能是制冷系统故障引起的。一般应先检查使用情况和箱门情况，再检查制冷系统。

1、检查使用情况

首先要了解环境温度。如果高于43℃，制冷效果差一些是正常的。如果环境温度不高，要打开箱门检查。如果箱内食品太多，特别是放入了温度高的食品，食品释放出大量的热量；或者打开箱门次数太多，外界热空气不断进人箱内，或者未及时化霜等，所有这些都会使电冰箱长时间运转不停，制冷效果差。

2、检查箱门

电冰箱箱门关闭不严，热空气会从缝隙处不断进入箱内。这可能是磁性门封条失去磁性、老化变形，或是箱门翘曲造成的。

3、检查制冷系统

如果使用情况正常，箱门又能关闭严密，那么制冷效果差的故障就出在制冷系统。由于制冷系统仍能工作，因此，可能是制冷剂部分泄漏、部分冰堵或部分脏堵，也可能是压缩机内部故障。

检查的顺序是首先观察管路表面有无油污。如果有油污，说明制冷剂部分泄漏，这时可以切开工艺管，灌入适量的氟里昂制冷剂，再次启动运转。如果运转正常，证明是制冷剂部分泄漏。如果管路表面没有油污，可检查开机时的情况。如果开机时制冷正常，蒸发器结霜良好，在电冰箱上部能听到气流声和水流声，但过了一会儿制冷效果变差，只能听到微弱的气流声和流水声，说明是部分冰堵。

如果开机时制冷效果就差，用耳朵贴近冰箱上部只能听到微弱的气流声和水流声，这可能是脏堵或压缩机内部故障，需要进一步检查。这时，可切开工艺管，灌入适量的氟里昂制冷剂，并接入气压表，启动压缩机。如果气压表所示气压下降到正常值（0.06～0.08MPa）以下，说明压缩机内部没有故障，只是管路有部分脏堵。如果气压下降到正常值以上，说明压缩机性能下降，严重时需要拆开压缩机详细检查和修理。

如果制冷系统混入空气，或者制冷剂充加过多或不足，都可能影响制冷效果。

制冷系统中充加过多的制冷剂，会使过多的制冷剂在蒸发器内不能很好蒸发，液体制冷剂返回压缩机中，这样压缩机的吸气量减少，制冷系统低压端压力升高，又影响蒸发器内制冷剂的蒸发量；造成制冷能力下降。同时，过多的制冷剂会占去冷凝器的一部分容积，减少散热面积，使冷凝器的冷却效率降低，吸气压力和蒸发温度也相应提高，吸气管出现结霜现象。遇到这种情况，必须及时将多余的制冷剂排出制冷系统，否则不但不能提高降温效果，反而使压缩机有液击冲缸的危险。

制冷系统充加的制冷剂过少时，会使蒸发器的蒸发表面积得不到充分利用，制冷量降低，蒸发器表面部分结霜，吸气管温度偏高。遇到这种情况，可以补充适量的制冷剂。

常见故障及检修

通电后电机不起动且无嗡嗡声

1、故障原因：保险熔断

排除方法：按要求更换保险丝

2、故障原因：接线松脱，插头接触不良

排除方法：检查线路，接好松脱处，插好插头

3、故障原因：电机绕组短路、断路或转子卡死

排除方法：检修或重绕

4、故障原因：起动继电器绕组烧断

排除方法：更换

5、故障原因：温控器开关未闭合，旋钮处于“0”（或停）位置

排除方法：调整温控器开关，使其闭合

6、故障原因：过载继电器的接触未闭合，或热电阻丝烧断

排除方法：检查并调整使触点闭合，更换电阻丝

通电后电机不起动但有嗡嗡声

1、故障原因：电源电压过低（低于187V）

排除方法：拔下电源插头，等电压正常后再插上，或加装稳压器

2、故障原因：起动继电器未闭合或接触不良

排除方法：修理或更换

3、故障原因：电机起动绕组断路

排除方法：重绕起动绕组

4、故障原因：起动电容器短路、短路或失效

排除方法：更换或检修

5、故障原因：压缩机负荷过重或制冷剂充灌过多

排除方法：重新调整或减少制冷剂

完全不制冷

1、故障原因：电源插头松动或脱落

排除方法：重新插好电源插头

2、故障原因：电源保险丝熔断

排除方法：按要求更换保险丝

3、故障原因：停电

排除方法：待恢复供电时再使用

4、故障原因：电源电压过低

排除方法：拔下电源插头，待电压正常后再插上或加装稳压器

5、故障原因：温度控制钮在“0”（或“停”）的位置

排除方法：调整温控器旋钮，使其处于某一适当位置，开关触点闭合

6、故障原因：过载保护断电器断路或起动继电器触点接触不良

排除方法：修理或更换

7、故障原因：压缩机卡死或电动机故障

排除方法：修理或更换

8、制冷剂漏失或毛细管堵塞、干燥过滤器脏堵

排除方法：修理

冷藏室温度偏高

1、故障原因：温控器旋钮调得不合适（数字过小）

排除方法：重调温控器旋钮至数字较大位置

2、故障原因：电冰箱受阳光直射、接近热源或冷凝器较脏，散热不佳

排除方法：重新放置电冰箱，清洁冷凝器

3、故障原因：冷藏室放置食物过多、过密或放入热的食物

排除方法：减少与重新放置贮存食物，留出适当空隙，热的食物放凉后再放入

4、故障原因：开门过于频繁或开门时间过长

排除方法：减少开门次数和时间

5、故障原因：蒸发表面结霜过厚（超过5mm）或结冰

排除方法：将霜或冰化掉

6、故障原因：门封不严

排除方法：检修并适当调平箱体（稍后仰）使门封严密

7、故障原因：箱内照明灯不熄灭

排除方法：检修照明灯开关

8、故障原因：冷藏室温控风门温控器失控，使风门开不大或风扇不转

排除方法：修理或更换

9、故障原因：压缩机阀门损坏

排除方法：修理

冷藏室温度过低而使上层食品被冻结

1、故障原因：室温偏低而温控器调得不合理（数字太大或调到强冷点、不停点）

排除方法：重调温控器旋钮至数字较小的位置

2、故障原因：温控器触点粘连不停车或感温管失控

排除方法：修理或更换

3、故障原因：误将水分多而容易冻结的食物放在上部搁架

排除方法：将易冻结的食物放在冷藏室下部

4、故障原因：温感风门温控器旋钮调得不合理（置冷点）或失控，或风门关不上

排除方法：重调温感风门温控器旋钮

5、故障原因：温度补偿加热器损坏

排除方法：更换温度补偿加热器

冷冻室温度偏高

1、故障原因：室温偏高而温控器旋钮调得不合理（数字过小）

排除方法：重调温控器旋钮至数字较大位置

2、故障原因：开门过于频繁或开门时间过长

排除方法：减少开门次数和时间

3、故障原因：门封不严

排除方法：检修门封，使其严密

4、故障原因：制冷剂漏失

排除方法：找出漏洞，放气补焊，再抽真空重新灌入制冷剂

5、故障原因：充灌制冷剂过多或过少

排除方法：重新调整或充灌制冷剂

6、故障原因：压缩机制冷效率下降

排除方法：拆修压缩机

7、故障原因：翅片蒸发器被冰箱堵塞或毛细管堵塞

排除方法：确定原因后检修

8、故障原因：冷风循环风扇不转或运转不正常

排除方法：修理或更换

9、故障原因：结霜厚而未清除

排除方法：清除结霜

压缩机长时间运转不能自动停机

1、故障原因：箱内一次性放入过多温度较高的食品或连续冻结大量冰块

排除方法：适当减少放入食物，并放凉后再放入，减少冻冰量

2、故障原因：开门过于频繁或开门时间过长

排除方法：减少开门次数和时间

3、故障原因：温控器误调到不停点

排除方法：按需要重调温控器

4、故障原因：制冷剂漏失

排除方法：找出漏孔，放气补焊，再抽真空，重新充灌制冷剂

5、故障原因：毛细管被杂质污物堵塞（脏堵）

排除方法：用热毛巾敷裹毛细管解冻或更换毛细管

6、故障原因：毛细管被冰堵塞（冰堵）

排除方法：放掉制冷剂，烘干分子筛过滤器，重新抽真空后充灌制冷剂

7、故障原因：电冰箱环境温度过高（大于40度）或空气对流受阻

排除方法：调换放置位置，改善空气对流

8、故障原因：温控器触点粘连或或感温管松动失控

排除方法：断电后将温控器旋至“停”点再旋回原定点通电。若仍不正常，则更换

9、故障原因：箱壁或门壁隔热层中流入水或结冰

排除方法：干燥隔热层

压缩机运转时噪声大

1、故障原因：箱体未放平稳

排除方法：重新调平放稳

2、故障原因：电冰箱背后与其他物件或墙壁触碰

排除方法：适当调整位置或物件，使它们脱离触碰

3、故障原因：电冰箱背部的接水盘脱离原位置而振动发声

排除方法：重新放好接水盘，并垫上泡沫塑料

4、故障原因：风扇与其他部件碰撞

排除方法：移动风扇位置

5、故障原因：管道与箱件碰撞

排除方法：挪动管道，拧紧固定螺丝

6、故障原因：压缩机减振胶垫压得过紧或老化变硬

排除方法：调松或列换胶垫

7、故障原因：压缩机内部噪声大

排除方法：拆修或压缩机

压缩机运转时间过长而停机时间过短

1、故障原因：制冷剂泄露使制冷效果变差

排除方法：查漏补焊

2、故障原因：温控器旋钮误调在强冷档，达到最低温度需要压缩机长期运转

排除方法：重调温控器旋钮

3、故障原因：箱门未关闭，漏入热量多，使压缩机运转时间长

排除方法：检查门封，关严箱门

4、故障原因：制冷剂充灌得过多，制冷效果差

排除方法：调整毛细管长度或重调制冷剂量

5、故障原因：环境温度偏高，散热效果差

排除方法：改善电冰箱周围散热条件

6、故障原因：电冰箱内放入过多食品，热负荷过大

排除方法：调整放入食品的数量

7、故障原因：压缩机进、排气阀有漏气

排除方法：拆修或更换

电冰箱内温度正常但压缩机起动频繁

1、故障原因：感温管与蒸发器接触不良，未靠近蒸发器，使感温失真

排除方法：重调感温管位置

2、故障原因：起动触点接触不良，时断时通

排除方法：调整触点连接铜片，使其接触可靠

3、故障原因：温控器旋钮位置不当

排除方法：重调温控器至合适位置

4、故障原因：过载安全保护继电器接点与电热丝位置过近

排除方法：重新调整过载螺钉，使两者相距适当

电冰箱能制冷但箱内照明灯不亮

1、故障原因：灯泡损坏

排除方法：更换相同规格的灯泡

2、故障原因：照明灯泡与灯座接触不良

排除方法：将灯泡拧紧

3、故障原因：照明灯电路断线

排除方法：查出断线处并修复

4、故障原因：门灯开关接触不良

排除方法：拆开灯开关，重新调整弹簧压力，使其接触良好

照明灯不亮且压缩机不工作

1、故障原因：保险丝熔断

排除方法：查出原因，更换同规格新保险丝

2、故障原因：电源插头与插座连线断路

排除方法：查出断线处，修复或更换

3、故障原因：电源插头接触不良

排除方法：调整接触或更换

4、故障原因：停电

排除方法：拨下电源插头，待来电时再工作

门将关上时照明灯不熄灭

1、故障原因：门灯开头失灵

排除方法：修复或更换

2、故障原因：开关位置不对，关门时未能压下按钮，以切断照明灯电路

排除方法：调整门灯开头位置（包括温控器位置），使开头正常工作

温控器置于通常使用位置时保险丝熔断

1、故障原因：包括电冰箱在内的家电电器总负荷已超过保险丝的额定电流

排除方法：在家用小火表、布线等容量允许的前提下，适当加大保险丝规格

2、故障原因：单相交流电动机起动电容损坏而产生短路

排除方法：更换新的同规格电容器

3、故障原因：起动继电器触点粘连

排除方法：修理或更换

4、故障原因：压缩机定子线圈或电源插头短路

排除方法：查明原因后修复

电冰箱放置处积水

1、故障原因：泄水系统堵塞或软管破裂，使融霜水从冷藏室内溢出

排除方法：查出原因，排去堵塞物或更换软管

2、故障原因：接水盒（盆）中融霜水过满而溢出

排除方法：及时倒掉接水盒（盆）中水，有自动蒸发皿者，检查有关加热蒸发装置有否故障，并排除之

3、故障原因：滤水器堵塞

排除方法：排除堵塞物

4、故障原因：环境空气过于潮湿，遇冷凝结成水

排除方法：改善放置环境，使其干燥通风（就冰箱而言，此并非故障）

冷冻室封条被冻住

1、故障原因：门封条损坏

排除方法：用热毛巾或电吹风对门封条冻结处加热，待门拉开后，再修复或更新封条

2、故障原因：设有门封电热丝的电冰箱，门封电热丝失效

排除方法：拉开门后，更换门封电热丝

打开箱门有难闻臭味

1、故障原因：电冰箱内有腐败的残渣、废物、剩水等

排除方法：彻底清扫，可用清洁剂或苏打水清洗

2、故障原因：存放有浓味的羊肉、牛肉等食品而未用保鲜膜或塑料袋封装，使气味扩散

排除方法：用保鲜膜、塑料袋（或瓶、罐）封装食品

3、故障原因：制冷剂泄漏数量很多，使其影响贮存食物的质量，产生异味

排除方法：检漏、修复

4、故障原因：箱壁隔热层破损，水蒸汽侵入造成腐烂变质而产生怪味

排除方法：更换隔热层或内胆、注意防潮

5、故障原因：电冰箱久置未用，而又未稍打开箱门，造成启用后有霉味散出

排除方法：清洁、同时用市售除臭剂清除电冰箱内的异味

冷冻食品变味

1、故障原因：冷冻食品未用塑料袋或保鲜纸严密包装而串味

排除方法：冷冻食品应使用烹袋或保鲜膜封装

2、故障原因：制冷剂严重泄漏，被冷冻食品吸收而产生异味

排除方法：检漏、补焊

3、故障原因：隔热层材料破损，其气味为冷冻食品所吸收

排除方法：更换隔热层或内胆

4、故障原因：冰盘在制冰前未洗净，融霜水滴入，而使冰块味不正

排除方法：制冷前先洗净制冰盘

电动机运转中过热

1、故障原因：制冷剂充灌过多或有空气存在，致使排气压力过高

排除方法：检修、抽真空并排除多余制冷剂

2、故障原因：毛细管或干燥过滤器堵塞，使电动机负载增大而过热

排除方法：检查、排堵或更换

3、故障原因：电压过低（低于187V），使工作电流增大而电机过热

排除方法：待电压正常时再工作，或采用稳压器

4、故障原因：起动电容器损坏，使电动机难起动或转速慢，起动电流剧增而引起电机过热

排除方法：更换新电容器

5、故障原因：电动机轴承损坏或部分绕组短路

排除方法：更换轴承，拆修或重绕电机绕组

6、故障原因：蒸发器或冷凝器管道中有堵塞

排除方法：检查后排除堵塞

有电线烧焦味

1、故障原因：电源线被压在箱底下，使电线短路

排除方法：取出电源线，更换或修复

2、故障原因：电源线贴在冰箱压缩机外壳，因高温致使塑胶线绝缘层烤出焦味

排除方法：移开电源线，并修复或更换

3、故障原因：电动机起动继电器线圈短路而发出焦味

排除方法：检查并拆修、更换

4、故障原因：全自动化霜定时温控器线圈短路而发出焦味

排除方法：检查并拆修、更换

5、故障原因：压缩机线圈短路而发出焦味

排除方法：检查并重绕

接触箱体或开门时有麻电感

1、故障原因：电冰箱未设接地线，或接地线障碍

排除方法：加接接地线，或检查修整，使接地可靠

2、故障原因：因严重受潮，致使机壳与电器部件的绝缘性能降低（与地绝缘电阻小于2MΩ）

排除方法：擦干或烘干潮湿机电件

冰箱的保养

定期适当保养可以延长冰箱的使用寿命。保养冰箱前务必拔下电源插头。

1、经常清理冰箱背面或底部冷凝器和压缩机上的灰尘。可使用吸尘器或毛刷除尘。注意不要用湿布去擦冷藏器和压缩机上灰尘。

2、冰箱长期停用时，应先切断电源，取出箱内一切食品，将箱内外清理干净，敞开箱门数日，使箱内充分干燥并散掉冰箱内的异味。

3、检查排水管。如果排水管堵塞，水就会漏到冰箱内。要用铁丝捅一捅排水管，除去积在排水管上的东西。

4、不要忽略门封胶条的清洗，将漂白剂用10倍的水稀释后用牙刷蘸湿清洗，最后用水将漂白剂冲去。胶条脏污易老化，会影响冰箱的密封性，增加耗电量。

5、检查振动、噪音以及压缩机的温度。运行中摸压缩机外壳，不应有明显的振动感，白天不应听到压缩机明显启动的声音。

6、注意检查电源线上是否有裂缝，防止漏电。

7、用温水或中性洗涤剂将冰箱内外清洗并擦干，敞开冰箱门通风干燥一天。

清洁冰箱外壳最好每天进行，用微湿柔软的布每天擦拭冰箱的外壳和拉手。清理内胆前先切断电源，把冰箱冷藏室内的食物拿出来。软布蘸上清水或食具洗洁精，轻轻擦洗，然后蘸清水将洗洁精拭去。拆下箱内附件，用清水或洗洁精清洗。清洁冰箱的“开关”、“照明灯”和“温控器”等设施时，请把抹布或海绵拧得干一些。内壁做完清洁后，可用软布蘸取甘油(医用开塞露)擦一遍冰箱内壁，下次擦的时候会更容易。用酒精浸过的布清洁擦拭密封条。如果手边没有酒精，用1：1醋水擦拭密封条，消毒效果很好。用吸尘器或软毛刷清理冰箱背面的通风栅，不要用湿布，以免生锈。清洁完毕，插上电源，检查温度控制器是否设定在正确位置。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在家家户户都离不开冰箱，冰箱对我们的生活有非常大的帮助，如果有吃不完的食物或者需要储存食物都可以存放在冰箱里，以防止食品的变质。这样既方便又容易。但是由于冰箱夜以继⽇地⼯作，有时难免会出现些故障，出现故障该怎么维修呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyaYSMYkYY84qoV2iLlVne"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱构造","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8eWwigYgSUQ8B2GpJ78Ff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"维修冰箱，首先我们需要了解冰箱的构造。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyE6KSg8OI8k007VUWSVIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"家用电冰箱由箱体、制冷系统、温度控制装置三部分组成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSCk8uQ66iuKo7nX7jXsvc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnayKYwqc2aSaIqTFWmyQA4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体的组成：外壳、内衬、绝热层、台面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KsI4gkwyMgiArkeOsusSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体的基本作用是绝热，绝热性能的优劣直接关系到箱体的保温性能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkcE4suUEyqGSCgGIRnNqFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体的隔热功能主要是从以下几个方面来实现的：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAU2WSyqI82ICIviF7MEYDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、外壳与内衬之间填充绝热材料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuCuEMewA6OqyED0xZfd75b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、箱门装有磁性密封条防止冷气外漏和热空气侵入。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnME4SIQWOsGWQMD1JnMlQwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、箱顶的顶板下面垫有高密度聚苯乙烯泡沫板，起隔热作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2wAm8k4ICI2weMCwLxKqOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1164,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"箱体","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6c2f46848b8347c38d19a62d7008859e","width":1214},"text":"","id":"doxcnYcaY0ugwqaasGBuWP5Pwpb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssIE6I2CgMMmG8oNMWpmRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统组成：压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、毛细管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSCskYUQ4cUKIHKQRUYpod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统自成一个封闭的循环系统。其中蒸发器安装在电冰箱内部的上方，其他部件安装在电冰箱的背面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoQk8A6cYG6Q0ik1MiiFAVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"系统里充灌了一种叫“氟里12(CF2Cl2，国际符号R12)”的物质作为制冷剂（氟利昂类包括氟利昂12和氟利昂11等等是一般传统的制冷剂，现在更多的是新兴的无氟制冷剂如R600a、R404a等，不过制冷原理是一样的）","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。氟里昂12在蒸发器里由低压液体汽化为气体，吸收冰箱内的热量，使箱内温度降低。变成气态的氟里昂12被压缩机吸入，靠压缩机把它压缩成高温高压的气体，再排入冷凝器。在冷凝器中气态的氟里昂12不断向周围空间放热，逐步液化成液体。这些高压液体必须流经毛细管，节流降压才能缓慢流入蒸发器，维持在蒸发器里继续不断地汽化，吸热降温。就这样，冰箱利用电能做功，借助制冷剂的物态变化，把箱内蒸发器周围的热量搬送到箱后冷凝器里去放出，如此周而复始不断地循环，以达到制冷目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCQqycyuqcCccDixbv54foA"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1260,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"制冷系统","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4967c1671e144373873c954bb06dd43d","width":1469},"text":"","id":"doxcnEmouOeuwckuwEl3LH9awxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"内部汽化吸热 → 外部液化放热→ 箱内温度降低","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2gGgosKSUascMhUQG1ORee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"温度控制装置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Su2Gs6WUUGQA1XeAg9OBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的温度控制装置叫温度控制器。它的主要作用是当箱内温度过高时接通压缩机，使制冷系统工作，从而使箱温降下来，当箱温降至要求的温度时，使压缩机断电。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncckYKGuqYiKi48GDJMHztd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":382,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"温度控制装置","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39a6b879e3344178832abdf1454f1748","width":606},"text":"","id":"doxcnwO8YKkeO04wisD6Bm7KIwe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"故障检测方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkS2oIqsICgmi0WfAdYkQpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱故障的检查方法一般可分为问、看、听、摸、测试等。通过检查，综合分析判断，逐渐缩小故障范围，找出故障点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSau22KUECqa4ryfhanyth"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"问","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEU4SooCiMYOqyJjX9Qgwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先问明冰箱的使用情况、故障现象及使用年限，特别是旧机器，要了解机器的故障史及以前维修后的使用情况，对曾维修过制冷系统的机器，要多留意冰堵、脏堵、混入空气、冷冻油是否变质等故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKkkkmoWqAMqGMHnbCOwPTe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"看","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKEImAuCyW0IIgRslJN816d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先看蒸发器结霜的情况，在压缩机运转的情况下，如果出现蒸发器表面无霜、结不满霜或结霜不实等情况，都说明制冷系统工作不正常。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyaew0IoKMKoMJMaXN0xlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、冰箱冷冻室结冰，说明温控器温差过大，停机时间过长等因素造成的，直冷式双门冰箱的冷藏室蒸发器总是结满霜而无结霜、化霜交替变化，说明温控器发生故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Q62IYoC2eeqiU1BehcCod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、检查制冷系统中管路的各个焊接处及蒸发器表面，看是否有渗漏的痕迹，凡渗漏处都会有油渍。","id":""}],"text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夏季温度很高的时候，冰箱要达到设定的制冷温度会需要很长时间，长时间的运转就会使冰箱的温度升高，冰箱一旦使用最好不要停用了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUmqaU4KI6ImGCeh06TuLJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、测压力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCgYws6MWCmeCQvCsl6vOWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的正常压力值在0.03~0.08mpa。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncU4mcgKq4yKCoj9QXr4Keg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a、吸气压力过高，通常由：制冷剂充入过多、新换毛细管过短、压缩机性能*的原因引起。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4kom2eemwimepyuqtanix"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"b、出现吸气压力为负压时，通常由：制冷剂不足、系统内有堵塞现象、新换毛细管太细、太长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGe4aIqm4Aey8WuswiCF7Bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、测量冰箱的开机与停机之比","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8oUSqQ0s6W0CRzEyVvaYj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的开机与停机之比与它的制冷系统、保温性能、温控器性能、调节位置、环境温度、电路系统、冰箱内食品的多少以及开门次数等有着直接的关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGwSQigqmi6cMIBbQ5ohNad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、测量工作电流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKiYMieG8k4w6fit17iVDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、如果工作电流大于额定电流，说明制冷剂充入量过多，制冷系统微堵、压缩机局部短路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneOUqwAY2COcSgdUCIr5IZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、如果工作电流小于额定电流，说明制冷系统有泄漏或系统完全堵塞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoSuyKwEyY0uoUZoVO5HTVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、测量绝缘电阻和直流电阻：(对于匝间短路不严重或匝间绝缘不良的电机绕组，用电阻测量方法很难分辨电机故障，因此只能采用测量工作电流的方法来判断)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkAswaS2GS0OEUjnEzAaSwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缺少制冷剂，或蒸发器内有沉积的冷冻机油，导致压缩机效率降低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngYe0C8qMqciIYzcJ0WfPug"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"测试","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/143c8d7d1cf0426eb78940ecef28e219","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnM0OEImU0woqQIz46fJuVmh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱故障分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnesoIK2kiyq8G64XKECyHwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱的故障可分为电气系统故障和制冷系统故障两大类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyQsI2GSuOuC4PkKIwkyRhV"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电气系统故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYYqeSigsq4oKSBomTsdBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电气系统主要包括温控部分和压缩机电动机控制部分。由此而引起的故障现象是电冰箱接通电源后压缩机不起动和接通电源后压缩机运转不停。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyc8wwCcCCugcIfePkn2lig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先用万用表欧姆挡测量冰箱电源插头的阻值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgGCq4cGOaugeC5IYT39Be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机的三个接线端子以及与起动器之间的接线情况如图所示：C——公共端、M——运行端、S——起动端。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2OsGGaAa440ysx1TwD7SGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各绕组间直流电阻值如下：运行绕组C、M两端约10.5Ω；起动绕组C、S两端约22Ω；而运行和起动绕组阻值的和即S、M端的阻值约为32.5Ω。正常时电路所有的开关触点都接通，对于重锤起动器式的冰箱，因重锤式起动器触点未通电而未接通，回路阻值为压缩机运行绕组的阻值，一般为10—20Ω左右，对于PTC起动冰箱，回路的直流电阻为起动器20Ω阻值与起动绕组串联后再与运行绕组并联，所以其电阻略小于压缩机运行绕组的阻值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO4IQyQSgkY2K2pRit5IwWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过测得的阻值来判断电路的工作状态，阻值偏大时，要检查温度控制器、过载保护器、压缩机电动机以及线路和触点接触情况，阻值偏小时一般是短路，主要检查压缩机电动机及其线路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGcWmSmmcs6yYWXFGLl0oBV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"　　","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaaku0GqOwGKCwIZPjoG4g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":407,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电气系统故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2e35941082245239287ccc8e4fbdb0c","width":660},"text":"","id":"doxcn6S6e6qOACgQUQdPGlSByIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、要进一步判断还要对冰箱通电检查。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOaYgC2yk0MWOgFsuW9CUmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通电前先检查温控器开关是否正常。如温度控制器装在电冰箱的冷藏室内，当放置的环境温度低于设计温度时不会起动运转，故有的冰箱设计了冬季补偿开关，补偿开关打开后则温度控制器感温管附近的加热器开始加热，强制升温使压缩机运转，目的是牺牲冷藏室的正常温度而保证冷冻室的温度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoQEEk68qSowmakJP9C5B6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果温控器内的开关都正常，而通电后压缩机不起动，可用一根导线短接重锤式起动器的两个静触点，注意导线短接时间不要太长，以不超过2s为宜，时间长将会使起动绕组烧坏。如果短接后冰箱能起动，说明起动器有故障，重锤式起动器长期起动易使触点烧坏，测量时拆下起动器，用万用表欧姆RX1挡，将两表笔插入接线柱插孔内。起动器正着放时相当于正常运转状态，即未接通，万用表测量阻值为无穷大；将起动器倒过来时相当于起动状态，万用表指示为0Ω，则说明起动器是好的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnckk4ieSsGKmwWw7XKKXhYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果用导线短接后仍不能起动，就需要检查保护器。可用短接法检查保护器，将保护器的两个接线铜片短接起来，如果冰箱能够起动运转，说明保护器有故障，可能是电热丝烧断或碟形双金属片受阻不能下翻，如果冰箱仍不能起动，则是压缩机或起动器有问题。检查时，把起动器和保护器拆下，露出电动机的三根接线柱。测每两个接线柱之间的电阻值，如正常，说明电动机绕组没有故障。如不正常，不要急于拆开压缩机，可以采用直接接通电源的方法进行检查。具体办法是：用带有电源插头的两根电源线接在M、C接线柱上，也就是运行绕组上，再用螺钉旋具作为导线同时碰触M和S端，然后把插头插入电源插座，如果电动机和压缩机没有故障，就会起动。起动2s左右，就要把螺钉旋具移开，电动机进入正常运转。如果检查压缩机能起动运转，说明电动机没有故障，故障发生在电动机外部，可能是外引线折断或接线柱接触不良，也可能是环境温度过低等。否则为压缩机故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8UGUYMAYIwgcF0s09gWNc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":857,"note":[{"type":"te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排除方法：按要求更换保险丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOsQasc4IWaIqYjQ9t7Wgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：接线松脱，插头接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyUgAKU8MiiisjfoE2JH2Y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查线路，接好松脱处，插好插头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGmq84qoq40mMXzwpVkBYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：电机绕组短路、断路或转子卡死","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMQceuG46uWUOuoO0oeJKUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检修或重绕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniu6QiaUu4m0kYfaRjwRmLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：起动继电器绕组烧断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0IMMwIWkgmS022QAZnRVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 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排除方法：拔下电源插头，等电压正常后再插上，或加装稳压器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCIOWoy6ySIcoP3XjEQnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：起动继电器未闭合或接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnomqkU0GsYUmK2n20wnMQxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIawU8omaG4CUYNVQwwzwxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：电机起动绕组断路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnayyIOkKweM66Y90f0Z14Hf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重绕起动绕组","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng2kkieuAcCk6ae1cETrqWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：起动电容器短路、短路或失效","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO2kCQOU4sAoCsvIG8LEfBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 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排除方法：按要求更换保险丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGOG2omUiqUimEiPs2E7Yd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：停电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAo4es8qOywAigFaqyYFvge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：待恢复供电时再使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC4SUC8Yy0602MD5VQepGpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：电源电压过低","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQcykOcUmE00w8nLMoOUf5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拔下电源插头，待电压正常后再插上或加装稳压器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aI4kqCQc2G8YRpxEfiXId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：温度控制钮在“0”（或“停”）的位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gySWY2euQomeKb0iZuDig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整温控器旋钮，使其处于某一适当位置，开关触点闭合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOmyc8Gk0aAGgUlA0Eni5Kd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：过载保护断电器断路或起动继电器触点接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY46QaiuUMuIeWuKbn1mxUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngcKcUogi4KmWu4JVkenmPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因：压缩机卡死或电动机故障","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn60su6E4SaoY8ucovo9WNNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQY68eI08S0QGEZMG63Rh6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、制冷剂漏失或毛细管堵塞、干燥过滤器脏堵","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuS62SmQmMisSIuZF72owf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uEYMSSkS2skyeqhzcpNWd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":679,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"完全不制冷","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2a562549d05746498964ac5e5986a703","width":1018},"text":"","id":"doxcnWYCUsUisQqyoc7Tliep9Id"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷藏室温度偏高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWmEIEOkoI4usM7cyHR5Zbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：温控器旋钮调得不合适（数字过小）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeYwIcO4CqMUEBCmsjVJZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重调温控器旋钮至数字较大位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEceaIWAI0AiQc0j9gOtXu1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：电冰箱受阳光直射、接近热源或冷凝器较脏，散热不佳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmg2QSmYiAa4Ecz0c43rH3X"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重新放置电冰箱，清洁冷凝器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKyqwcMe6YIeKSLmgxVWBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：冷藏室放置食物过多、过密或放入热的食物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaI4Km464OEmE0W7AIrSUxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：减少与重新放置贮存食物，留出适当空隙，热的食物放凉后再放入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKCMoaQSQQSwGCqTshei7gc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：开门过于频繁或开门时间过长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw4yiug6AAQQyIZI9bvaFqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：减少开门次数和时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAmi4ow0amMAoLBGuiMlfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：蒸发表面结霜过厚（超过5mm）或结冰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSycQ4miOUSQUuK7dLaC2Xg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：将霜或冰化掉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneGaEmoO2uy0MmqtDeRTgGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：门封不严","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnokgWgaQwueyWG8SMdmlpkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检修并适当调平箱体（稍后仰）使门封严密","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGKsesKiKSwai4hHM44Go9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因：箱内照明灯不熄灭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSWo04ck04QY4QP4lSkwsuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检修照明灯开关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2G60uQQo2eAUsng7uwgNhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、故障原因：冷藏室温控风门温控器失控，使风门开不大或风扇不转","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGQcuygqkCaCcI9qB3dtK0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 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排除方法：修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Y2G86IQ8UW6g5XbfHC6le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：误将水分多而容易冻结的食物放在上部搁架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna2iOWEGecmsGMz9J6tfrrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：将易冻结的食物放在冷藏室下部","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn64gKMGsemUiW2JAfBuYPSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：温感风门温控器旋钮调得不合理（置冷点）或失控，或风门关不上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoU04kc0oEYEeIb80pbVsad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重调温感风门温控器旋钮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaIUAGI4QwMu8WK20gfe8Od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：温度补偿加热器损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI4gKQiCQu4sq0ivCv5TG0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换温度补偿加热器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgewIGOeIYWi25Uf7KNrPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷冻室温度偏高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQkYWq4yYC2YikDI3gcGPgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：室温偏高而温控器旋钮调得不合理（数字过小）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaskSGc0Y8GIuwr3g1HxFGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重调温控器旋钮至数字较大位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMCOm8Gq40kG8OpvNf0Vnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：开门过于频繁或开门时间过长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCkQSi4OW6cIkpxlU91qmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：减少开门次数和时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqiSgeoWYE2CyotWJgFbTKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：门封不严","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMakOy6MQmOI8aCAKltQmGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检修门封，使其严密","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO8wKWUGGwS0Eiqynd9UJRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：制冷剂漏失","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncsWeAyACeWWMsx9Tszxpjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：找出漏洞，放气补焊，再抽真空重新灌入制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkwMsmCKo6CK6AN4XaGQlE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：充灌制冷剂过多或过少","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniw8wouYGCecok5OUqziMZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重新调整或充灌制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcikMOuYiESYg7URPe4lGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：压缩机制冷效率下降","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc8YiWoceQ44m4f4ptmiP7n"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拆修压缩机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQIQ6coqwmOqE6v0U69x2Sc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因：翅片蒸发器被冰箱堵塞或毛细管堵塞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskQ4EmGuyQEYqM9CQg06Yc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：确定原因后检修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyo8aAOUseIUsIB7Aq7Jyse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、故障原因：冷风循环风扇不转或运转不正常","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniGyYKSCYuyOUKcAQEZFxsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIykMKE8uw0OImsoooPpHvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、故障原因：结霜厚而未清除","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIgKg2GqU4uAsaULq5FJ7jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：清除结霜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK2A8sec20AaYmmpzBTZaCe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机长时间运转不能自动停机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncC6Oyaa20Cym2UNCNopXKk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：箱内一次性放入过多温度较高的食品或连续冻结大量冰块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Ws46yoimmwYMsUaMVNWVD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：适当减少放入食物，并放凉后再放入，减少冻冰量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSyquK0qKqAUuOXw44HfJ1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：开门过于频繁或开门时间过长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOcAqyE8kce8eKb21l7WpyK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：减少开门次数和时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaEqgiM4C86yMgbEzcD7t7I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：温控器误调到不停点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneS6AC0qmoiqamwAlXYbrYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：按需要重调温控器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQY8mK4UqcqAMXKt7UNLHb4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：制冷剂漏失","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0gWgqQ4aSIqeSSX1rYy3Ie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：找出漏孔，放气补焊，再抽真空，重新充灌制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaa2yKmYssUeic78xYRJxcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：毛细管被杂质污物堵塞（脏堵）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8gEiSKcUqcOwkp9EqsWiUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：用热毛巾敷裹毛细管解冻或更换毛细管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kCG4KmIiqAoQhRuSOlfhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：毛细管被冰堵塞（冰堵）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOecMiioAC4EISeJWg1d7be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：放掉制冷剂，烘干分子筛过滤器，重新抽真空后充灌制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2EMQUGwacC6wW8036Exwmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱环境温度过高（大于40度）或空气对流受阻","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8C4qGo6Aowi8VyiIBFflg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调换放置位置，改善空气对流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyqOu666AUOIK0J9Vp3O3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、故障原因：温控器触点粘连或或感温管松动失控","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2goqCQCIQ6UMhMqkHYyKhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：断电后将温控器旋至“停”点再旋回原定点通电。若仍不正常，则更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCiAsaym0AmqasPshnrF3yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、故障原因：箱壁或门壁隔热层中流入水或结冰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAgyUaKu4cY0JQJiIcBTmT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：干燥隔热层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWoqgM6Y6UWEqWQd6X94yDx"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机运转时噪声大","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWa0GMIwYEiq0ZcDj8iVJJk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：箱体未放平稳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkAy2m2yWiUQEiEVdAbaf5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重新调平放稳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniMG0eegOU6CsWiy4Hr0VZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：电冰箱背后与其他物件或墙壁触碰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm8wk0CCW8KYW2xiIsjrJ4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：适当调整位置或物件，使它们脱离触碰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6oka4Qo04OaMIrwfo3wpzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：电冰箱背部的接水盘脱离原位置而振动发声","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyG0eMswg4kcooTHH7skzvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重新放好接水盘，并垫上泡沫塑料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYqw6gai0GIGmKmnNw3hhXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：风扇与其他部件碰撞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUKEAC4SKqSyshG93IYuDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：移动风扇位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAuQy0ae0oiiQ2JIvAuELXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：管道与箱件碰撞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8WkS80skoeUCudMww8hIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：挪动管道，拧紧固定螺丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwyyEiGokge6Sy8SLdWWXUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：压缩机减振胶垫压得过紧或老化变硬","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimswmCs0EW4E2BM167g1Qc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调松或列换胶垫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KMAcGUSOw2Uma7v8R3pGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因：压缩机内部噪声大","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmEgQEqG04Ceq6dph71FkYL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拆修或压缩机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGckkWeWIcG6WVDlHQbkVb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机运转时间过长而停机时间过短","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6g6ySSU84cO0S3qcAImTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：制冷剂泄露使制冷效果变差","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00AsEQ4CEiKa48sthrJlWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：查漏补焊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuU0cWGIu0Y0223V1g6JhPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：温控器旋钮误调在强冷档，达到最低温度需要压缩机长期运转","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqkMcG8Q0WyASy5YYgcf2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重调温控器旋钮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO4awi0eKc46AiA4DAIEBzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：箱门未关闭，漏入热量多，使压缩机运转时间长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8cocOYqMmU6mGGm3XfyaRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查门封，关严箱门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUiqQG88Mg4weCEwJ4dwmih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：制冷剂充灌得过多，制冷效果差","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneY24UCYOkQi2g7Wg0TeAng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整毛细管长度或重调制冷剂量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEMUSCWQ6wGyqaC2mS62yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：环境温度偏高，散热效果差","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKC8aU6aSA8aqALQsMQbjff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：改善电冰箱周围散热条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn40qciq8QiQgAqk5WNRBEOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：电冰箱内放入过多食品，热负荷过大","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneiWouYQWueYuO4y283uSnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整放入食品的数量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMmYMY4y6SsQUWa6vg7OxKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、故障原因：压缩机进、排气阀有漏气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYqk8CIqMYSkxZf8owE0wO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拆修或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnciS4sau88kK4SQQ6pkrx9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":675,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"压缩机运转时间过长而停机时间过短","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa5ca906305849b8b1c3080336c09c6e","width":1012},"text":"","id":"doxcn064e8Ue6GoMeGUB2sVCQ9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱内温度正常但压缩机起动频繁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyGyGKg4cSu64dH9VYlm1Ao"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：感温管与蒸发器接触不良，未靠近蒸发器，使感温失真","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnysGYiwOiA8eKy9FL4Dstdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重调感温管位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4cUokUwOmmEa6ois7BDLgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：起动触点接触不良，时断时通","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnckkqsAUAyyEe89aEUJd4qy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整触点连接铜片，使其接触可靠","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEOkWIASUUSsYZhN8U7I0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：温控器旋钮位置不当","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn62q8AW04cmy066FPMAUTTm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重调温控器至合适位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0u4YWOQWwCyKgEiMl3GMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：过载安全保护继电器接点与电热丝位置过近","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQ6oUE4UwGgUao9QZCvmed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：重新调整过载螺钉，使两者相距适当","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkukkcWumkyCgCAhl5Im3F"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱能制冷但箱内照明灯不亮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwewOOse0wU6WKmzPh6peGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：灯泡损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGikwACkw0omSGagUdBj0Be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换相同规格的灯泡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuiKaMWySsOMoBuJRkjg1vn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：照明灯泡与灯座接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuwkWSiko4Cq6ZxzgsPTse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：将灯泡拧紧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2IIosiSOwqOY0GlnGYNQid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：照明灯电路断线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUCmki2GAYKkwHVIqBh1Rg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：查出断线处并修复","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2WMIkYO2AUKeiMlPm56YLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：门灯开关接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggco8G66SCImOQ1Nby3i2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拆开灯开关，重新调整弹簧压力，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"使其接触良好","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGeYKu4eq4U0E4CuwTaAX9b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"照明灯不亮且压缩机不工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMGIae0uuaA4QWo386qw08g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：保险丝熔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKKICUmYgCWUMgBodYtOWmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：查出原因，更换同规格新保险丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4sQiwygMw2U8i0UhMJxS4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：电源插头与插座连线断路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66S2mwEwCA0cIFD7WHo0Qb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：查出断线处，修复或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCuYWmSSGEUekYfOeWm7HHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：电源插头接触不良","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny4qOE4MQoKu0szyOSPo0Lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整接触或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6mqg40gYeoIYFrv872xAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：停电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmqWKE02Y2M66CnZW9cRch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拨下电源插头，待来电时再工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmEMgoEsQwSAgui8YOYUxeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"门将关上时照明灯不熄灭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2s4aUiIk2mYsOGGnzbxanh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：门灯开头失灵","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8CsASe6oOaqSe8dTQgnjph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修复或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUG2wMUoYksG64SuuJ4wZne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：开关位置不对，关门时未能压下按钮，以切断照明灯电路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0AwYMkGsC4skHwLdm3hWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：调整门灯开头位置（包括温控器位置），使开头正常工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEK8we4oOmaUoyMTTNn2alf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"温控器置于通常使用位置时保险丝熔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQkaCEGIy2IMEEbJnLhMrxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：包括电冰箱在内的家电电器总负荷已超过保险丝的额定电流","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcC4qqIIcoUGWsJTgwn5Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：在家用小火表、布线等容量允许的前提下，适当加大保险丝规格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6ic4mqaUSE68GmCBkVoiKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：单相交流电动机起动电容损坏而产生短路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns0GgoKQ6A8MGQ1gdfyRsme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换新的同规格电容器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6iU8I2M2as2sOEB4ngIhpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：起动继电器触点粘连","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6uCqUEQUK4aGGg7CV44Dme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：修理或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn46maweqI6umMcHa4hAEBJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：压缩机定子线圈或电源插头短路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmEAWOcWmcWCO6dmhsNkWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：查明原因后修复","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGk4y8IO26QW0WEDXqWm2uf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱放置处积水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwCGyw66aqsOMKQWw5eCigg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：泄水系统堵塞或软管破裂，使融霜水从冷藏室内溢出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWYgcg6wo6gcAesFwc7vRQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：查出原因，排去堵塞物或更换软管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniiugUGWuOo0SmIk59bufbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：接水盒（盆）中融霜水过满而溢出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsyqCEUImSMgKk3L8aK5zAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：及时倒掉接水盒（盆）中水，有自动蒸发皿者，检查有关加热蒸发装置有否故障，并排除之","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsocOIgIykS0SidrYBQ9ag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：滤水器堵塞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyM26OCwgCIeYWQJJNIfmwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：排除堵塞物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSkOG4g4mg8a0uytcwr2DCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：环境空气过于潮湿，遇冷凝结成水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4YCaS2CMuWWcK09iHxYesd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：改善放置环境，使其干燥通风（就冰箱而言，此并非故障）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnog6CsCc0IUYOc3xEp7lz1f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷冻室封条被冻住","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne40eMkmoCs8MeshHuP4ACq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：门封条损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0246G62EKOcE4EhJz3zT9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：用热毛巾或电吹风对门封条冻结处加热，待门拉开后，再修复或更新封条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneksWWUuqsIMgOIPNx9RkSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：设有门封电热丝的电冰箱，门封电热丝失效","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAMsCawOKMo6myqC9U5EY7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：拉开门后，更换门封电热丝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSKeG6w6MUmCMonbTw6GjAd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"冷冻室封条被冻住","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8a5e3d14d1bf485590bcbaa2021bcf2c","width":1023},"text":"","id":"doxcnY4MCsEwy0QQIIX4QGDryNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开箱门有难闻臭味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyG8Kc4I00ECOo9DlUc0Gig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：电冰箱内有腐败的残渣、废物、剩水等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsWsU4kMA4SgWAne5XuvXVx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：彻底清扫，可用清洁剂或苏打水清洗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw2cCSCMMc688XDaT625aoJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：存放有浓味的羊肉、牛肉等食品而未用保鲜膜或塑料袋封装，使气味扩散","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnowgGqcAEEWIu2ROZsYLbwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：用保鲜膜、塑料袋（或瓶、罐）封装食品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnseWE2wkUQSKkQpfZGPQc3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：制冷剂泄漏数量很多，使其影响贮存食物的质量，产生异味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4y4qWGGssY84oRC5aUxZnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检漏、修复","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUCk0syaGS0w2U3eGFuy9qh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：箱壁隔热层破损，水蒸汽侵入造成腐烂变质而产生怪味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcQUiiueCccmgH5jatyJkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换隔热层或内胆、注意防潮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsaigwcsSsEUFWcW6bBpnt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：电冰箱久置未用，而又未稍打开箱门，造成启用后有霉味散出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSM0WuY6uo8iggVQGRJC88c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：清洁、同时用市售除臭剂清除电冰箱内的异味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSISIGOeaC4o8SWDC6hZ0Ie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷冻食品变味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY8GmGgyG6q2Iq2bzPUWSth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：冷冻食品未用塑料袋或保鲜纸严密包装而串味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngYqkEe08CaYkof9k0E1aFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：冷冻食品应使用烹袋或保鲜膜封装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMsao2YA4K8Ys8saU4Oia2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：制冷剂严重泄漏，被冷冻食品吸收而产生异味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyakSiEYkuU0qkHUbry26jb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检漏、补焊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGm2ysyGqQCO0cTsPxi4ule"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：隔热层材料破损，其气味为冷冻食品所吸收","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Amk6c0ka4kCwkdo9Q9xKP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换隔热层或内胆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAEcQaYcoqmQogv3efEkoLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：冰盘在制冰前未洗净，融霜水滴入，而使冰块味不正","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEOS6kEIMEq8moKknUFtxlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：制冷前先洗净制冰盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mQ80YcYggUeCuJSO9H6Wd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电动机运转中过热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4YgOquCWKey2CC7UsKE8yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：制冷剂充灌过多或有空气存在，致使排气压力过高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGk2II8CycIEU2Zmelnhlzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检修、抽真空并排除多余制冷剂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqGKkME8iwu6a00raHF5XSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：毛细管或干燥过滤器堵塞，使电动机负载增大而过热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQeGE2GOgE8yyK09iQmM7Pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查、排堵或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniai2wqwCs6C6ETOBZatCxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"电压过低","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（低于187V），使工作电流增大而电机过热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0WA8yy8SISqMNYKZrTrEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：待电压正常时再工作，或采用稳压器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOMo80gcqAukkpzCpGm1HgC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：起动电容器损坏，使电动机难起动或转速慢，起动电流剧增而引起电机过热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwciOOoMuqkUS4Nkp0AC9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换新电容器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0QKGIkGywyEQDSmZqfWsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：电动机轴承损坏或部分绕组短路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcAOOk6AMkCgeAQdMpWYad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：更换轴承，拆修或重绕电机绕组","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUI688GU2ksAYuLI1iEDPqE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、故障原因：蒸发器或冷凝器管道中有堵塞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0QgeISI6Oc0SKYsabI4tce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查后排除堵塞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoAuo42O0SkYYDaohqyysdF"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"有电线烧焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0awSEs2oA6AMQtInthLMXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：电源线被压在箱底下，使电线短路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCAEcecWAOkGaiEZLddtzDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：取出电源线，更换或修复","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnscWCg6EQiyKG4FVfKg81rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：电源线贴在冰箱压缩机外壳，因高温致使塑胶线绝缘层烤出焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsuKY4q2ogkswIjzB1ebcRT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：移开电源线，并修复或更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQAwWg6IASgSAGaiqdI4qAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、故障原因：电动机起动继电器线圈短路而发出焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawooE6QwG8SEoDvnZ2sCBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查并拆修、更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSwG68agI88oKg7MXV2nVGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、故障原因：全自动化霜定时温控器线圈短路而发出焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAkCG4eEo48EY7xXc4CJae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查并拆修、更换","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni4imucUUWWYCY1eHawMM1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、故障原因：压缩机线圈短路而发出焦味","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWmqyaUKkKeeCuuYBtN5Ic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：检查并重绕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny84ccs0gu6WYANHsq6Mdzg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"接触箱体或开门时有麻电感","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny2UWUikECKQi6pCZfkoK9C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、故障原因：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"电冰箱未设接地线，或接地线障碍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKSueGuOQcIGUuYwQQLlUTo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：加接接地线，或检查修整，使接地可靠","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk6oYuSOWA06cuRbu8afD9O"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、故障原因：因严重受潮，致使机壳与电器部件的绝缘性能降低（与地绝缘电阻小于2MΩ）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyie0UGCcE6a0yWGkJgyyoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 排除方法：擦干或烘干潮湿机电件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQK8sG6IWqOMWYBlX8Sz6f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":683,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"接触箱体或开门时有麻电感","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/66432606682f4e29b1299fc5e1f2fcb2","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnWkaO0E4yiAs8wxCV6l2Ddg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne0aqe8OQwKS6WewWoFxA3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定期适当保养可以延长冰箱的使用寿命。保养冰箱前务必拔下电源插头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4S2KsqCOseOMO0YrpQbPie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、经常清理冰箱背面或底部冷凝器和压缩机上的灰尘。可使用吸尘器或毛刷除尘。注意不要用湿布去擦冷藏器和压缩机上灰尘。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwmuki86iKqkOorEMws5F72"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、冰箱长期停用时，应先切断电源，取出箱内一切食品，将箱内外清理干净，敞开箱门数日，使箱内充分干燥并散掉冰箱内的异味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSacACGAGqwgYstf143YEcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、检查排水管。如果排水管堵塞，水就会漏到冰箱内。要用铁丝捅一捅排水管，除去积在排水管上的东西。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IWYO6gGwCieCikKFCroDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、不要忽略门封胶条的清洗，将漂白剂用10倍的水稀释后用牙刷蘸湿清洗，最后用水将漂白剂冲去。胶条脏污易老化，会影响冰箱的密封性，增加耗电量。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaiyoQqqMwaAiolgXwzotHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、检查振动、噪音以及压缩机的温度。运行中摸压缩机外壳，不应有明显的振动感，白天不应听到压缩机明显启动的声音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQqWCgMWG6qaSOXERZsLzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、注意检查电源线上是否有裂缝，防止漏电。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqmKw0o4E0MoUIPIBrnFMMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、用温水或中性洗涤剂将冰箱内外清洗并擦干，敞开冰箱门通风干燥一天。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMsKquE0uuQIkKkeiuOctfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"清洁冰箱外壳最好每天进行，用微湿柔软的布每天擦拭冰箱的外壳和拉手。清理内胆前先切断电源，把冰箱冷藏室内的食物拿出来。软布蘸上清水或食具洗洁精，轻轻擦洗，然后蘸清水将洗洁精拭去。拆下箱内附件，用清水或洗洁精清洗。清洁冰箱的“开关”、“照明灯”和“温控器”等设施时，请把抹布或海绵拧得干一些。内壁做完清洁后，可用软布蘸取甘油(医用开塞露)擦一遍冰箱内壁，下次擦的时候会更容易。用酒精浸过的布清洁擦拭密封条。如果手边没有酒精，用1：1醋水擦拭密封条，消毒效果很好。用吸尘器或软毛刷清理冰箱背面的通风栅，不要用湿布，以免生锈。清洁完毕，插上电源，检查温度控制器是否设定在正确位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkcywOKCA6GGSYlHDQyZs0d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":611,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的保养","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d4f0dcf28a964c1389d1f95eed516954","width":1023},"text":"","id":"doxcn8EMI6kUAWCmOs9NcBMROMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsCE86og8Q6sCCJeoMhcch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngKWEaOuAuEoegHeuX81NHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKkQyeeEgmgUas1FOsK5ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauosGy0C6WwWyeEONzFskb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqQQyaU6OSkUgn1dLACqxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWgkwWY8KCmMiqWfF0Wvih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSkGymm8Ui4W4Iz2FF7knqd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E